International journal of multiple research approaches最新文献

{"title":"Emergent Methodology to Understand BLM-Era Health and Well-Being: The Utility of Integrating Autoethnographic and Grounded Theory Approaches in Mixed Methods Action Research","authors":"Sophia L. Hitchcock","doi":"10.29034/ijmra.v13n2a1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29034/ijmra.v13n2a1","url":null,"abstract":"The disproportionate incidence of coronavirus cases and deaths among Black, brown and indigenous peoples in the United States further unmasks the impact of long-standing health inequities, reifies the effect of structural racism on health and well-being, and highlights the need for the Black Lives Matter (BLM) and allied social justice movements. Amidst social transformation, innovations in research methodology are frequently necessary because the research questions, their framing, and study outcomes are evolving with society (Hesse-Biber & Leavy, 2010). Consequently, to examine the impact of the widely variable, historically rooted but current injustices on the BLM-era health and well-being of Black people who are differently geographically, socially, and economically situated, might require the application of emergent methodology in the form of novel combinations of research approaches. Autoethnography, action research, grounded theory strategies, and mixed methods research are appropriate to attend to the context and inherent complexity of social justice inquiry because they support the use of diverse types of evidence, including the perspectives, worldviews, histories, and/or interpretations of the impacted community. This article presents methodologic concepts and examples as well as proposes methodologic adaptations as a mechanism to explore the value of integrating autoethnography and grounded theory approaches into a mixed methods action research cycle to examine issues associated with the health and well-being of Black people in the United States and other marginalized groups during the BLM and allied social justice era.","PeriodicalId":89571,"journal":{"name":"International journal of multiple research approaches","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47224465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Values Affirmations on Introductory College Chemistry Grades Among Women","authors":"C. Isaac, Barbara C. Lee","doi":"10.29034//ijmra.v13n2a2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29034//ijmra.v13n2a2","url":null,"abstract":"Evidence indicates that value affirmations can reduce the achievement gap in science classrooms. Self-affirmation theory suggests that interventions work with students with under-developed self-efficacy and that self-affirmation repairs this negative effect. An exploratory sequential mixed methods design involving text analysis software was used to investigate linguistic differences of 1,414 students in an introductory chemistry course who participated in a value affirmations intervention. Using exploratory factor analysis and Key Words in Context (KWIC), results indicated statistically significant differences within grade categories for high-achieving women in the treatment group. For these high-achieving women, reflecting on close relationships might mitigate the effect of environmental threats, rather than merely belonging to social groups. These findings have relevance in the decision-making for administrators in higher education.","PeriodicalId":89571,"journal":{"name":"International journal of multiple research approaches","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43822756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Civil Rights Movement. Million Man March. Black Lives Matter","authors":"A. Harris","doi":"10.29034/ijmra.v13n1a1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29034/ijmra.v13n1a1","url":null,"abstract":"The author discusses three historical civil rights movements in the United States—Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s; the Million Man March; and the Black Lives Matter Movement (BLM). The author compares and contrasts each movement and event from his perspective as a participant in each and identifies similarities and differences among them. The Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s was born out of a desire and need to end legalized segregation, better known as Jim Crowism, in the south. Strategies included direct action, passive resistance, and redress of grievances through the judicial system. The Million Man March, which occurred in 1995 in Washington D.C., brought together more than a million Black men from across the United States. Moreover, it was an extension of the Civil Rights Movement of the 60s. Whereas the latter was established as a response to legalized racial segregation in the south, the former was designed to instill a sense of responsibility and accountability among Black men as leaders in their communities. In addition, the Million Man March attempted to bring greater awareness of the unkept promise of racial equality. The BLM Movement provided an opportunity for multiple generations from multiple ethnic, cultural, and racial groups to coalesce around the issue of police brutality. Following the death of Trayvon Martin in 2013 and continuing to the present time, the BLM platform has become the principal venue through which outrage is expressed over the deaths of innocent, unarmed Black men and women by law enforcement and White vigilantes.","PeriodicalId":89571,"journal":{"name":"International journal of multiple research approaches","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46251343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intra-Study Matching Considerations When Using Mixed Methods-Based Research Approaches: A Critical Dialectical Pluralistic Approach","authors":"A. Onwuegbuzie, Julie A. Corrigan","doi":"10.29034/ijmra.v13n2editorial2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29034/ijmra.v13n2editorial2","url":null,"abstract":"The step of obtaining a sample(s) (i.e., sampling) in mixed methods-based research studies likely represents the least developed step in the research process, with only 21 Scopus-indexed works published on the topic to date. Consequently, the time is rife for mixed methods-based researchers to develop sampling designs that are more TREEful—that is, transparent, rigorous, equitable, and ethical—especially when sampling among/between phases/components. Because, more than the other 13 mixed methods-based research philosophies, critical dialectical pluralism especially is concerned with the welfare of research participants, and because the sampling step is subject to misuse and abuse of participants, the use of a critical dialectical pluralist lens to ensure that mixed methods-based sampling designs are as TREEful as possible has logical appeal. Therefore, in this editorial, we have provided a meta-framework,1 via a critical dialectical pluralism lens, for selecting samples for each of the following four types of relationships among/between phases/components identified by Onwuegbuzie and Collins (2007), namely, identical samples, parallel samples, nested samples, and multilevel samples. This lens has led to the identification of several options for minimizing, or at least reducing, what we refer to as identical sampling bias, parallel sampling bias, nested sampling bias, and multilevel sampling bias such that samples are optimally matched within a single mixed methods-based research study. In the context of mixed methods-based research, matching refers to the process of forming groups to make them as similar as possible with respect to extraneous or confounding factors (e.g., demographic variables [e.g., gender, age]; personality variables [e.g., resilience]; affective variables [e.g., motivation]). In particular, we outline the use of several matching techniques—specifically, exact matching, greedy matching, optimal matching, propensity score matching, subclassification, and magnitude coding—for addressing these different forms of bias. We encourage mixed methods-based researchers to explore using one or more of these matching techniques, whenever appropriate, regardless of their philosophical stance, in order to avoid researcher participants from being misrepresented.","PeriodicalId":89571,"journal":{"name":"International journal of multiple research approaches","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45810161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Centering Race in Mixed and Multi-Method Research on Implicit Bias: A Systematic Review","authors":"Peggy Shannon-Baker","doi":"10.29034/ijmra.v13n1a3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29034/ijmra.v13n1a3","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding how we form and maintain implicit racial biases can help identify how to disrupt them. With this goal in mind, mixed and multi-method research approaches offer researchers the ability to combine various methodological approaches to explore the formation, experiences, and impact of implicit racial bias. This article therefore provides a critical descriptive systematic review of empirical mixed and multi-method studies on implicit bias and race. This review is based on the following research questions: (a) What are the theoretical and methodological features among empirical studies on race and implicit bias that use mixed or multi-method approaches? and (b) what are the opportunities for theoretical and/or methodological expansion in this literature? The criteria for inclusion in the review are the use of a multi-method (e.g., qualitative and quantitative) or mixed method (e.g., integrating qualitative and quantitative) approach in an empirical study, implicit racial bias is the main or one of the main concepts being studied, and the work (published or unpublished) was dated 1995-2019. The studies in this review often had no theoretical framework or one that did not center race. This is noteworthy because race-specific theoretical frameworks can be used to contextualize the study of implicit bias and race in racism, to define race, and to align with the following important features of mixed and multi-method studies: substantiating the use of multiple methods, prioritizing one or more methodological approaches, analyzing and integrating data, and reflecting on the researcher’s own positionality.","PeriodicalId":89571,"journal":{"name":"International journal of multiple research approaches","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46941312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editing Questionnaire Items using the Delphi Method: Integrating Qualitative and Quantitative Methods","authors":"Kim M. Mitchell, D. McMillan, M. Lobchuk, Nathan C. Nickel","doi":"10.29034/ijmra.v13n2a3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29034/ijmra.v13n2a3","url":null,"abstract":"The authors of this article argue that instrument development studies can be situated within constructive realism, an intermediary ontology between the representative constructed items and objectivist goals of measurement. The Delphi method uses constructionist processes by gathering expert opinions about the variable they wish to measure. Despite its popularity, little pragmatic guidance exists for researchers using the method in instrument development studies and authors of instrument development studies rarely describe the strategies used to decide when to keep, edit, or delete items when merging both quantitative and qualitative assessments of the developing items. This article, therefore, describes mixed methods decision-making strategies as they were implemented during the Delphi phase of the Situated Academic Writing Self-Efficacy Scale (SAWSES) validation project. Five case-study items are presented to highlight the strategies used to integrate the qualitative and quantitative data provided by a Delphi panel. Data were integrated by categorizing the quantitative data as having strong evidence for inclusion, deletion, or neutrality. Concurrently, qualitative data were integrated with the quantitative data by contemplating panellists’ individual and collective opinions about item value and wording, as well as stream-of-consciousness reflections from panellists about the nature of writing self-efficacy. This article contributes to the literature by describing, through use of specific examples, how qualitative and quantitative data can be effectively integrated to make decisions in mixed methods instrument development research and should be useful for all beginning and seasoned researchers attempting tool development.","PeriodicalId":89571,"journal":{"name":"International journal of multiple research approaches","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47039684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"USA Inequities from K-12 Education through Corporate America","authors":"Leslie Laboriel","doi":"10.29034/ijmra.v13n1commentary4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29034/ijmra.v13n1commentary4","url":null,"abstract":"There is a relationship between marginalized Black K-12 children and Black women in Corporate America. This practice results in Black K-12 children and Black women being undervalued on all levels. Highlighting personal experiences supports current assumptions around inequities, marginalization, and the Black lives Matter movement. At times, the more money you make, the more tolerant you are of the abuse. You become addicted to a lifestyle. I believed my corporate career was the best I would receive from a professional white-collar work environment. Did the inequities experienced in the U.S. K-12 educational system prepare me to accept this belief in Corporate America? As a child, you learn about the American dream and capitalism. White Corporate America leaders received the same education with a higher probability of a more valuable educational experience. Would the Corporate America experience improve if White children learned about diversity, equity, and inclusion in K-12 to help them see differences as being valuable? Does their comfort level have a direct impact on Black people’s assignments, exposure, and careers? My authentic story is shared for others with similar experiences to help them realize they are not alone. We must push past our fears and tell our stories. We should never be ashamed! I will continue to focus on the freedom that blossomed from the time I put pen to paper.","PeriodicalId":89571,"journal":{"name":"International journal of multiple research approaches","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45813253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond Identifying Emergent Themes in Mixed Methods Research Studies: The Role of Economic Indices: The Thematic Herfindahl-Hirschman Index and the Thematic Concentration Ratio","authors":"A. Onwuegbuzie","doi":"10.29034/ijmra.v13n2editorial3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29034/ijmra.v13n2editorial3","url":null,"abstract":"The formal use of the technique of quantitizing has made, and continues to make, a valuable contribution to the mixed methods research field, inspired by the groundbreaking first edition of Miles and Huberman’s (1984) book that was published during the height of the so-called paradigm wars of the 1980s. However, unfortunately, until very recently, the overwhelming majority of quantitizing has involved descriptive-based quantitizing, and scant attention has been paid to more advanced types of quantitizing, which include exploratory-based quantitizing, measurement-based quantitizing, and inferential-based quantitizing, as described by Onwuegbuzie (in press) and Onwuegbuzie and Johnson (2021). Yet, these forms of quantitizing help to enhance the quality of meta-inferences in mixed methods research studies, which, in turn, enhance the meaning-making process. With this goal of enhancing the meaning-making process in mind, the purpose of this current editorial has been to demonstrate how two economic indices, the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index and the Concentration Ratio, can help to contextualize emergent themes that have been subjected to descriptive-based quantitizing—yielding what I term as a Thematic Herfindahl-Hirschman Index and the Thematic Concentration Ratio. In particular, after describing in detail these two economic indices in a step-by-step manner, I use real data to illustrate how these indices not only can serve as additional descriptive-based quantitizing, but also can lead to exploratory-based quantitizing and inferential-based quantitizing.","PeriodicalId":89571,"journal":{"name":"International journal of multiple research approaches","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47207402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combating Systematic Research Inequality Through Multiple Research Approaches: Exploring the Role of Federal Funding Opportunities","authors":"Lauren E. Decker-Woodrow, Donald Barfield","doi":"10.29034/ijmra.v13n1a4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29034/ijmra.v13n1a4","url":null,"abstract":"The importance of the ethnic diversity of study participants is well established in the medical, social science, and education fields but more work is needed. Currently, the concern revolves around the inclusion of racial diversity, within study populations, in the reporting of results, and diversity of authors and reviewers of research (Roberts, Bareket-Shavit, et al., 2020). In response to a call for action from the Director of the Institute of Education Sciences (IES) in light of the deaths of George Floyd and Brianna Taylor (Schneider, 2020, para. 1), the authors posit three recommendations that directly address the call for action given the aspirations of IES to be responsive to diversity challenges in research and legislative requirements for educational practitioners. Recommendations include the more thorough reporting of study population racial diversity within the What Works Clearinghouse, the creation of additional funding structures within IES that create opportunity for multiple research approach studies and potentially enhance racial diversity (in studies, study topics, researchers, and reviewers), and the development of metrics to assess progress in addressing racial diversity goals over time. Together, the recommendations in this theoretical paper support research focused on increasing the knowledge base of what works, for whom, and under what conditions, that acknowledge the importance of tailored solutions for people of color.","PeriodicalId":89571,"journal":{"name":"International journal of multiple research approaches","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46701935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Matter of All Black Lives","authors":"Yolanda Sealey-Ruiz, Shamari Reid","doi":"10.29034/ijmra.v13n1afterword","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29034/ijmra.v13n1afterword","url":null,"abstract":"Evoking the spirit of Toni Morrison, we were moved to view the work of the scholars in this special issue through the lens we used to frame a class we taught last spring— Black Lives Matter: A Multimodal Journey. The course was centered around Morrison’s notion of the Black Gaze and was designed to specifically ask the question: What becomes possible with regard to Black liberation when we center the Black Gaze? Our approach to the course purposely centered the beauty and brilliance of the Black experience through the work of Black artists, scholars, writers, entrepreneurs, and media producers. Furthermore, we organized our course by what one of our students, Sharina Gordon, called the “pillars” of Blackness (Gordon, 2021): Black Gaze, Black Genius, Black Joy, Black Healing, and Black Love. We found the Pillars of Blackness to be a useful construct as we read the articles in this special issue. In doing so, we highlight how the authors featured in such a timely issue center these pillars and offer them as a guide as we think about where we go next in our collective journey toward Black liberation.","PeriodicalId":89571,"journal":{"name":"International journal of multiple research approaches","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44208171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}