Bioelectromagnetics最新文献

{"title":"Different Orientations Moderate Static Magnetic Fields Prevent Bone Loss and Improve the Mechanical Properties in Ovariectomized Mice","authors":"Shenghang Wang,&nbsp;Jianbin Chen,&nbsp;Huiru Wang,&nbsp;Chao Cai,&nbsp;Weihao Ren,&nbsp;Junyu Liu,&nbsp;Yawei Hu,&nbsp;Ming Gong,&nbsp;Zhaoyu Liu,&nbsp;Zengfeng Guo,&nbsp;Peng Shang,&nbsp;Hao Zhang","doi":"10.1002/bem.70037","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bem.70037","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Various studies have indicated that moderate static magnetic fields (MMFs) could inhibit bone loss and facilitate bone fracture healing. The biological effects of static magnetic fields vary depending on their orientation. Herein, we investigated the effects of MMF in different orientations on bone loss in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. The OVX mice were exposed to 20–100 mT MMFs with magnetic field lines oriented in the N-upward and S-upward directions for 8 weeks, respectively. Then, the bone mass, microarchitecture, mechanical properties, and turnover markers were evaluated. The results showed that both N-upward and S-upward MMFs exposure prevented the decrease of bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) induced by OVX, improved the bone microstructure, and enhanced the bone mechanical properties. The serum bone formation markers propeptide of type I procollagen (P1NP) and osteocalcin (OCN) have been increased by MMFs exposure, while bone resorption marker beta-isomer of the C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (β-CTX) has been decreased by MMFs exposure in OVX mice. Meanwhile, MMFs exposure decreased osteoclast distribution on the surface of trabecular bone and cortical bone. N-upward MMF exposure increased osteoblast number per bone surface (N.Ob/BS) in trabecular bone. Moreover, mice under N-upward orientation MMFs exposure exhibited higher stiffness, elastic modulus, and total energy absorption in terms of tibial mechanical properties compared to S-upward orientation MMFs exposure. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that 20–100 mT MMFs exposure with different orientations suppressed the ovariectomized-induced bone loss and mechanical properties degradation in mice, and the N-upward MMFs hold superior effects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8956,"journal":{"name":"Bioelectromagnetics","volume":"46 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145803027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards a Planetary Health Impact Assessment Framework: Exploring Expert Knowledge and Artificial Intelligence for a RF-EMF Exposure Case-Study","authors":"Magdalini Stefanopoulou,&nbsp;Tabea S. Sonnenschein,&nbsp;Florence Poulletier de Gannes,&nbsp;Simon Scheider,&nbsp;Roel Vermeulen,&nbsp;Martin Röösli,&nbsp;Anke Huss","doi":"10.1002/bem.70038","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bem.70038","url":null,"abstract":"<p>While recent WHO systematic reviews have comprehensively assessed the direct health effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure, its potential indirect impacts on human health via ecosystem disruption remain unstudied. Therefore, we propose a Planetary Health Impact Assessment (PHIA) approach, which incorporates both direct and ecologically mediated pathways. Developing the underlying framework requires a method for organizing and visualizing complex, interdisciplinary knowledge. This study explores an approach for constructing a PHIA framework in the form of knowledge graphs (KGs). Using RF-EMF exposure from mobile telecommunication technologies as a case study, we developed an expert-based KG in collaboration with 12 specialists. We further evaluated the potential of an artificial intelligence (AI)-based tool, incorporating Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Deep Learning, to extract relevant information from scientific literature and generate KGs to explore ways to enhance the expert-based approach. Experts developed and visualized jointly the hypothesized pathways linking RF-EMF exposure to direct health effects on organisms and indirect effects on human health through ecological consequences. The AI tool quickly processed large volumes of literature and visualized it into KGs with varied structures but required extensive expert validation due to limitations in precision and context sensitivity. The expert-based KG can serve as organizer of the available knowledge and as a first step in PHIA development. While AI tools offer potential for exploratory analysis, they currently require substantial human oversight and cannot replace expert judgment. The resulting KGs also identified possible gaps in the scientific literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":8956,"journal":{"name":"Bioelectromagnetics","volume":"46 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12715659/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145779767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conceptualization and Realization of a Vibrating Intrinsic Reverberation Chamber for Plant Exposure to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields","authors":"Lukas Oppermann,&nbsp;Matthias Weidemeier,&nbsp;Cay Christin Schäfer,&nbsp;Yan Naing Win,&nbsp;Michaela S. Matthes","doi":"10.1002/bem.70036","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bem.70036","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The increasing use of mobile communication devices and wireless data transfer leads to public concerns about potential negative impacts on the living world, resulting from the emitted radio frequency-electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF). In order to provide knowledge-based information on how RF-EMF might affect biological organisms, well-controlled studies are needed, where the actual electric field parameters are monitored over time and at the location of the tested organisms. Such controlled studies are scarce, particularly regarding the assessment of potential effects of RF-EMF on plant growth and health. Here, we report the implementation of a vibrating intrinsic reverberation chamber (VIRC) inside a walk-in plant growth chamber for controlled RF-EMF studies on plants. The designed VIRC functions as a mode-stirred reverberation chamber and allows real-time monitoring of the electric field over the entire time of plant exposure within a defined working volume where the plants are placed. We demonstrate that the electric field inside the designed VIRC is stable and statistically uniform, that is, spatially homogeneous and isotropic, over multiple exposure times, various field strengths, and when loaded with different plant species. Therefore, it is a suitable setup for controlled experiments assessing the effects of RF-EMF on plants. Using the VIRC, we show that repeated short-term exposures (30 min) of rose cuttings to RF-EMF (900 MHz, 5 V/m) do not affect shoot growth or leaf development compared to sham exposure (0 V/m). The VIRC was designed for a frequency of 900 MHz and electric field strength ranging from 0 to 40 V/m. The concept, however, can be adapted to different RF-EMF exposure requirements.</p>","PeriodicalId":8956,"journal":{"name":"Bioelectromagnetics","volume":"46 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12703826/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145754679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulation of Bone Metabolic Balance by Electromagnetic Fields as a Novel Strategy for Osteoporosis Treatment","authors":"Jian Zhou,&nbsp;Ke-ming Chen,&nbsp;Zhuo Li","doi":"10.1002/bem.70035","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bem.70035","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic skeletal disorder characterized by low bone mass and the deterioration of bone microarchitecture, which collectively increase bone fragility and fracture risk. The condition primarily arises from a metabolic imbalance in which bone resorption outstrips bone formation, leading to a net decrease in bone mass. Current pharmacological treatments, such as bisphosphonates and hormone replacement therapy, are limited by side effects and high costs. In contrast, electromagnetic fields (EMFs) represent a non-invasive and cost-effective physical intervention that has shown promise in promoting bone formation and slowing the progression of OP. This review summarizes current findings on the mechanisms by which EMFs influence bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes, and discusses challenges in clinical translation, including parameter optimization and mechanistic complexity. Future research should focus on establishing standardized protocols and leveraging advanced technologies to fully realize the therapeutic potential of EMFs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8956,"journal":{"name":"Bioelectromagnetics","volume":"46 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145740278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in Female Chest Modeling: Enhanced 3D Dosimetric Models Across Two Illustrative Scenarios","authors":"Noemi Dolciotti,&nbsp;Simona D'Agostino,&nbsp;Micol Colella,&nbsp;Francesca Apollonio,&nbsp;Micaela Liberti","doi":"10.1002/bem.70034","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bem.70034","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Image-based virtual human models are crucial for accurately assessing electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure. However, conventional 3D female models often inadequately represent the chest area, particularly the natural shape of the breast, due to limitations in imaging posture. This study presents a novel methodological approach to generate anatomically realistic female models, addressing a critical gap in EMF exposure simulation of female chest. We developed an improved breast model with natural upright geometry and integrated it into an existing whole-body virtual human. This enhanced model was tested in two representative exposure scenarios, radiofrequency plane wave and low-frequency magnetic stimulation, to evaluate the dosimetric impact of realistic upright breast anatomy. Our results reveal significant differences in localized field distributions compared to conventional models, underscoring the importance of anatomical accuracy in EMF simulations. These findings have broader implications for exposure assessment in regulatory, occupational, and clinical contexts, supporting the need for more anatomically faithful modeling in computational dosimetry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8956,"journal":{"name":"Bioelectromagnetics","volume":"46 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145586214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive Measurement-Based Assessment of Downlink RF-EMF Exposure in Urban Environments: Multi-Method Analysis and Intercomparison","authors":"Shanshan Wang,&nbsp;Yarui Zhang,&nbsp;Yukun Liu,&nbsp;Jiang Liu,&nbsp;Emmanuelle Conil,&nbsp;Ourouk Jawad,&nbsp;Theodoros Samaras,&nbsp;Lamine Ourak,&nbsp;Joe Wiart","doi":"10.1002/bem.70033","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bem.70033","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper presents a comprehensive measurement-based assessment of radio-frequency (RF) electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure level in a French city. Three types of assessment methods are used to collect measurement data: drive test (DT), spot measurements, and sensor networks. The DT measurements were conducted by a portable spectrum analyzer, i.e., Tektronix RSA 306B, connected to a 3-axis antenna mounted on the roof of the vehicle. DT system continuously recorded frequency-dependent electric field (E-field) values on a pre-defined outdoor route. The spot measurements were done in the same region, covered by DT, with both broadband and frequency-selective systems. Additionally, 19 sensors were installed on streetlamps in the same part of the city to measure the broadband E-field level. The overall statistical analysis on raw data shows good agreement on RF-EMF exposure level from three types of measurements. Then a distance-based moving average method was carried out to remove the random noise in the DT data, where the optimized window size is explored using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The smoothed DT data show a good correlation with nearby spot measurement values, as well as with base station antenna (BSA) density. Specific fifth-generation (5G) spot measurements, performed with and without traffic-attracting downloads, demonstrate the impact of beamforming on exposure levels in 5G new radio (NR) bands. Then spot measurements were used to build the exposure map using the kriging method, where the kriging prediction from the trained model is further compared with DT. Furthermore, the temporal variations observed in the sensor network were analyzed in relation to distance from the nearest BSA, revealing an inverse proportional relationship between E-field level and proximity to the nearest BSA. This study shows good reliability in assessing the RF-EMF exposure level using different systems. The advantages and limitations of different systems are also demonstrated by performing the intercomparison between data sets.</p>","PeriodicalId":8956,"journal":{"name":"Bioelectromagnetics","volume":"46 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bem.70033","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145501762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposure Variability Between 1- or 6-Minute and 30-Minute Averaging Time Lengths in Radiofrequency-Electromagnetic Field Exposure Monitoring","authors":"Chhavi Raj Bhatt,&nbsp;Stuart Henderson,&nbsp;Masoumeh Sanagou,&nbsp;Sarah Loughran","doi":"10.1002/bem.70030","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bem.70030","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Different averaging time lengths (ATLs) are widely used in radiofrequency-electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure monitoring. This study evaluated variability in RF-EMF exposure associated with the ATLs of 1- and 6-min normalised to 30-min data. For 15 frequency bands of interest, RF-EMF exposures were collected in contiguous 1-min blocks over 30 min at four sites (two outdoor and two indoor). Frequency-band and site-specific variability in exposure between the three ATLs was assessed. First, the variability in terms of relative deviation (in dB) between 1- or 6-min and 30-min were estimated. Second, the overall exposure variability (in μW/m²) were compared between 1- or 6-min and 30-min blocks statistically using the quantile regression method. The overall exposure variability on ATL of 1-min or 6-min was considered different to 30-min if a majority of respective sub-pair comparisons across different percentiles (<i>P</i>_<i>5</i>, <i>P</i>_<i>25</i>, <i>P</i>_<i>50</i>, <i>P</i>_<i>75</i>, <i>P</i>_<i>95</i>) were significantly different. The study largely showed that the exposure variability (i.e., relative deviation) of different ATLs was within +/− 3 dB. Further, the overall exposure variability between 1- or 6-min and 30-min ATLs showed inconsistent outcomes. Frequency bands of broadcast and most of the mobile services &lt; 2 GHz demonstrated overall similar exposure variability for 1-min and 6-min ATLs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8956,"journal":{"name":"Bioelectromagnetics","volume":"46 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145450691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain Tumor and Mobile Phone Risk Among Young People: Analysis of Japanese People Using the MOBI-Kids International Case-Control Study","authors":"Noriko Kojimahara,&nbsp;Kosuke Kiyohara,&nbsp;Yasuto Sato,&nbsp;Kanako Wake,&nbsp;Masao Taki,&nbsp;Gemma Castano-Vinyals,&nbsp;Naohito Yamaguchi,&nbsp;The Study Group of MOBI-Kids Japan","doi":"10.1002/bem.70032","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bem.70032","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigated the association between mobile phone use and brain tumors in young people aged 10–29 years, specifically within the Japanese population. Building upon the international MOBI-Kids study, this Japanese case-control study included 120 brain tumor patients and 360 controls treated in the Kanto area, broadening the age range and including all primary brain tumors, unlike the international study. The data were evaluated using unconditional logistic regression, both unadjusted and adjusted for age and sex, with respect to the duration and intensity of mobile phone use. The analysis accounted for differences in the output power of various mobile phone generations prevalent in Japan, particularly the high-output 2G PDC system. Despite this rigorous exposure modeling, the study found no increased risk of brain tumors associated with mobile phone use, even when factoring in the weighted power output. The findings align with other recent international studies that also report no causal association. While acknowledging limitations such as potential recall bias and a relatively small sample size for sub-analyses, the study's strengths include its expanded age range and a realistic assessment of Japanese mobile phone usage patterns. Due to the ever-changing exposure conditions from wireless technology, further studies are needed to address their relation to young people's health.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8956,"journal":{"name":"Bioelectromagnetics","volume":"46 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145443904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Definition and Validation of an Exposure Measurement Method for a Typical Load of a Base Station","authors":"Anna-Malin Schiffarth,&nbsp;Tam Julian Ta,&nbsp;Christian Bornkessel,&nbsp;Lisa-Marie Schilling,&nbsp;Matthias Hein,&nbsp;Dirk Heberling","doi":"10.1002/bem.70029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bem.70029","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the context of risk communication in mobile radio, a discussion has emerged whether exposure at common load of a base station should be presented in addition to the theoretical maximum, especially with 5G massive-MIMO. However, a reproducible measurement method for instantaneous exposure independent of the utilization of the cell has yet to be developed. To fill this gap, 10 mobile phone use cases were identified, the corresponding data rates were measured and categorized into low (20 Mbps), medium (200 Mbps), and high (600 Mbps) data rates to generate a typical base station load. A measurement method was developed, using iPerf on a user equipment to generate the data rates at a measurement point, while a channel power measurement is used to determine the exposure of all mobile radio services installed. The method was validated at four base stations, considering various factors such as reproducibility in relation to the number of users in the cell, averaging time, and application buffering. The results show the reliability of the method across different times of day and base station loads and that averaging over 30 sweeps provides reproducible exposure results. Consequently, this study presents a validated approach for measuring typical instantaneous exposure in real-world mobile network conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8956,"journal":{"name":"Bioelectromagnetics","volume":"46 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bem.70029","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145406578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Cohort Study on Alzheimer's Disease in Relation to Residential Magnetic Fields From Indoor Transformer Stations","authors":"Anu Liimatainen,&nbsp;Päivi Roivainen,&nbsp;Jukka Juutilainen,&nbsp;Anne Höytö,&nbsp;Jonne Naarala","doi":"10.1002/bem.70031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bem.70031","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Meta-analyses of epidemiological studies have suggested that Alzheimer's disease (AD) may be linked with exposure to extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic fields (MF). This is the first study investigating the association of AD with exposure to residential ELF MFs from indoor transformer stations, using a study design that avoids shortcomings of previous studies. All cohort members had lived in buildings with indoor transformer stations. MF exposure was assessed based on the location of their apartment in relation to the transformer room. AD patients were identified from Drug Purchase Register and Drug Reimbursement Register. Out of the 155,562 individuals, 5652 (111,357 person-years of follow-up) living in apartments next to transformer stations were considered as exposed, while 115,772 (2,289,526 person-years of follow-up) individuals living on higher floors of the same buildings were considered as referents. Associations between MF exposure and AD were examined using Cox proportional hazard models. The hazard ratio (HR) was 1.02 (95% confidence interval: 0.85–1.22), indicating that the risk of AD is not associated with residential ELF MFs present in apartments next to transformer stations. The duration of residence did not essentially change the HR. The risk of AD was slightly but not statistically significantly higher (HR 1.22, 95% confidence interval: 0.94–1.57) for those whose residence started before the age of 50 years. The results did not support positive findings from previous studies that have reported a link between AD and occupational or residential MF exposure. Bioelectromagnetics. 00:00–00, 2025.</p>","PeriodicalId":8956,"journal":{"name":"Bioelectromagnetics","volume":"46 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bem.70031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145407429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}