Rapid Deployment of 5G Wireless Communication and Risk Assessment on Human Health: Quid Novi?

Abstract

The rapid deployment of 5G wireless communication has amazingly accelerated global connectivity, marking a significant milestone in how we interact with technology and with each other. This next-generation network promises to revolutionize industries by delivering faster data speeds, drastically reducing latency, and providing the capacity to support a vast and growing ecosystem of interconnected devices. From smart cities and autonomous vehicles to advanced healthcare applications and immersive virtual reality experiences, 5G is poised to be the backbone of a hyper-connected world.

However, the swift and widespread rollout of 5G has not been without controversy. Alongside the excitement over its potential, significant concerns have emerged regarding its potential impact on human health. These concerns stem from the increased exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) associated with 5G technology, particularly as it operates on higher frequency bands, including millimeter waves. Consequently, given the lack of publications concerning the effects of frequencies implemented for 5G (3.5–26 GHz) for the general public, more in-depth studies need to be established due to the increased debates and inconclusive reports about the subject.

Given that 5G is a relatively new technology, short- and long-term studies are still in progress to assess its health implications comprehensively. For this purpose, the European Union Commission via their institutions has launched a call for proposals in the environmental health topic (HORIZON-HL-TH-2021-ENVHLTH-02). This program was implemented to answer to the public concern about the health effect of 5G exposure. The total amount of funding was 30 million euros from Horizon Europe 2021–2027. The results should fill the current knowledge gaps on the effects of wireless technologies on health and the environment. Four projects funded by Horizon Europe have been brought together under the CLUE-H network, involving more than 60 European research organizations across four research consortia: ETAIN, GOLIAT, NextGEM, and SEAWave. Additionally, scientists from outside Europe, including the USA, Korea, and Japan, are also collaborating on these projects.

The rapid deployment of 5G brings unprecedented opportunities for technological innovation but also necessitates thorough and ongoing risk assessment regarding its potential health impacts. While current scientific consensus generally supports the safety of 5G under existing guidelines, the evolving nature of the technology, coupled with the long-term uncertainty, underscores the importance of continued research, transparent communication, and adaptive regulatory frameworks. As 5G becomes more ubiquitous, balancing its benefits with precautionary health measures will be crucial to ensuring public trust and safety.

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.