Bioelectromagnetics最新文献

{"title":"Estimating Environmental RF-EMF Exposure From Mobile Networks Using Signal Indicators Collected With the ETAIN 5G Scientist App","authors":"Nekane Sandoval-Diez,&nbsp;Lea Belácková,&nbsp;Hamed Jalilian,&nbsp;Adriana Fernandes Veludo,&nbsp;Lloyd Roga,&nbsp;Isabelle Deltour,&nbsp;Stuart Henderson,&nbsp;Sarah Loughran,&nbsp;Arno Thielens,&nbsp;Marco Zahner,&nbsp;Jürg Fröhlich,&nbsp;Anke Huss,&nbsp;Martin Röösli","doi":"10.1002/bem.70071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bem.70071","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Smartphones track indicators of a reference signal to maintain network connectivity. These can serve as proxies for a subset of environmental radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure from mobile networks. In this multi-country study, we developed conversion functions linking signal indicators collected with the ETAIN 5G-Scientist app to measured RF-EMF exposure. Parallel measurements were conducted across six European countries and Australia using frequency-selective exposimeters and the app. Associations of signal strength and quality indicators with exposure were analysed using log-linear regression models: (1) serving-cell level, relating exposure in the serving frequency band to indicators of the connected cell (Europe <i>n</i> = 2960; Australia <i>n</i> = 747); and (2) location level, relating indicators aggregated across network providers to environmental exposure from 4G-LTE and 5G-NR networks (Europe <i>n</i> = 61; Australia <i>n</i> = 48). At the serving-cell level, 4G-LTE signal strength was positively associated with exposure, while signal quality was inversely associated. For 5G-NR, only signal strength was associated with exposure, with weaker and less consistent relationships than for 4G-LTE. At location level, aggregation across providers reduced model error, suggesting residual variability operates at short temporal and spatial scales. These findings support using smartphone signal indicators to estimate components of environmental RF-EMF exposure, although further validation is needed, particularly for 5G-NR. Bioelectromagnetics. 00:00–00, 2026. © 2026 Bioelectromagnetics Society.</p>","PeriodicalId":8956,"journal":{"name":"Bioelectromagnetics","volume":"47 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bem.70071","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149177027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does Knowing More Relate to More Anxiety? Psychological Factors Associated With Anxiety About Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields and the Role of Information Provision in Risk Communication.","authors":"Ruohan Wen, Sachiko Yamaguchi-Sekino, Masao Taki, Teruo Onishi, Michio Murakami","doi":"10.1002/bem.70070","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bem.70070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs) become increasingly embedded in everyday life, understanding public responses to RF-EMFs and developing effective risk communication strategies are essential. In this study, we examined the psychological factors associated with anxiety concerning the use of technologies that rely on RF-EMFs and the effects of information provision as a form of risk communication. In the baseline analysis, multilevel modeling of anxiety across six common RF-EMF sources revealed that both subjective exposure perceptions and confidence in those perceptions were independently associated with anxiety. While heightened awareness of RF-EMFs was associated with higher anxiety, more objective knowledge of RF-EMFs was associated with lower anxiety. In the intervention analysis, although information provision increased anxiety overall, it reduced anxiety among those with initially high levels of concern. It also affected a range of related cognitive factors, including subjective exposure perceptions, confidence in those perceptions, awareness, and knowledge. These findings demonstrate the complex psychological impact of information provision on anxiety about RF-EMFs and related cognitive factors and provide practical insights for designing more effective risk communication strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":8956,"journal":{"name":"Bioelectromagnetics","volume":"47 7","pages":"e70070"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149219973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Pulsed Electromagnetic Field on Pain and Foot Function Index in Patients With Plantar Fasciitis","authors":"Zeinab Sadat Yajaddi Arani,&nbsp;Navid Taheri,&nbsp;Mohammad Javad Tarrahi","doi":"10.1002/bem.70061","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bem.70061","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 <p>The plantar fascia is a thick band of connective tissue that originates from the heel, and its inflammation is the most common cause of heel pain in adults. The Pulsed Electromagnetic Field (PEMF) is a non-invasive modality in the field of physiotherapy. This study aimed to determine the effects of PEMF on pain scores and the Foot Function Index (FFI) in patients with plantar fasciitis (PF). In this clinical trial study, 40 patients with PF, aged between 20 and 68 years, were randomly assigned in a block design into two groups: the Conventional Physiotherapy (CP) group and the CP plus PEMF (CPP) group. The Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and the FFI questionnaire were used to assess the pain score (morning and evening pain) and foot function, respectively. Assessments were conducted before the study, at the tenth session of the CP and CPP groups, and 4 weeks later. The study variables in both the CP and CPP groups changed significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). In comparing the results between the two groups, the reduction in evening pain scores in the CPP group was significant compared to the CP group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). In comparison, there was no significant difference in morning pain scores between the two groups. The FFI score in the CPP group significantly decreased compared to the CP group. Both CP and CPP are effective in reducing pain and the FFI in patients with PF. The addition of PEMF to CP demonstrates a more significant effect on reducing evening pain and somewhat on reducing the FFI in patients compared to CP alone. However, it did not have an additional effect on reducing morning pain. Bioelectromagnetics. 00:00–00, 2026. © 2026 Bioelectromagnetics Society.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8956,"journal":{"name":"Bioelectromagnetics","volume":"47 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148905184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating Human Perception Thresholds in Magnetic Stimulation Using Experimental Measurements and Modelling","authors":"Otto Kangasmaa,&nbsp;Ilkka Laakso","doi":"10.1002/bem.70066","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bem.70066","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This preregistered study investigated whether induced electric fields alone could predict human perception thresholds in magnetic stimulation. Using a figure-of-eight magnetic coil placed on the forearm, perception thresholds were collected from 24 healthy participants using the method of adjustment in 12 stimulation conditions. Subject-fitted, anatomically realistic forearm models were constructed from a set of 10 MRI-based models. Induced electric fields were computed using the finite element method with probabilistic tissue conductivities and post-processed using spatial averaging and percentiles. Linear mixed-effects modelling showed that the perception threshold was 32.2 V/m (SD between subjects 5.2 V/m) for a damped sinusoidal magnetic pulse with 83 <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 \u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>μ</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $mu $</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>s phase duration. This threshold value was determined by spatial averaging over a cube with a side length of 2 mm and taking the 99th percentile of the electric field within the modelled forearms. However, the induced electric field did not fully explain the perception threshold (adjusted <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 \u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mi>R</mi>\u0000 \u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${{rm{R}}}^{2}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> = 0.48; permutation testing, <i>p</i> <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 \u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>&lt;</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $lt $</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> 0.001). We also conducted a supplementary modelling study, retrospectively analysing previous literature results to allow for direct comparison with our findings. These results showed that simplified calculations of the threshold electric field, obtained by modelling the forearm as a uniform cylinder, need to be scaled by a factor of 1.4 to align with the 99th percentile electric field calculated with anatomically realistic models. Both our experimental results and the modelling provide data to inform the refinement of safety guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":8956,"journal":{"name":"Bioelectromagnetics","volume":"47 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13403620/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148590347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Application on Glucose Metabolism in Rats","authors":"Harun Gencer,&nbsp;Hakkı Murat Bilgin,&nbsp;Veysi Akpolat,&nbsp;Revşa Evin Canpolat Erkan,&nbsp;Ulaş Alabalık,&nbsp;Nazan Baksi,&nbsp;İrem Akpolat","doi":"10.1002/bem.70067","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bem.70067","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) exposure on glucose metabolism-related hormonal and oxidative stress markers. Twenty-three male Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned to three groups: sham-control (<i>n</i> = 7), PEMF (<i>n</i> = 8), and PEMF + vitamin C (<i>n</i> = 8). The PEMF and PEMF + vitamin C groups were exposed to a pulsed magnetic field at 50 Hz and 1.5 mT for 4 h daily over 4 weeks. Vitamin C (250 mg/kg/day) was administered orally to the PEMF + vitamin C group. Serum and tissue levels of insulin, glucagon, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and total oxidant capacity (TOC) were measured. Histopathological evaluations of brain, liver, and pancreatic tissues were also performed. Serum glucose, insulin, glucagon, GLP-1, SIRT1, TAC, and TOC levels did not differ significantly among the experimental groups. Gastric TAC levels were significantly higher in the PEMF + vitamin C group. In renal tissue, insulin levels were significantly elevated only in the PEMF + vitamin C group. PEMF exposure did not induce systemic biochemical changes in healthy rats but elicited tissue-specific biochemical responses, particularly in gastric tissue. These findings suggest that PEMF may modulate glucose-related endocrine and redox pathways at the gastrointestinal level without causing structural tissue damage. Bioelectromagnetics. 00:00–00, 2026. © 2026 Bioelectromagnetics Society.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8956,"journal":{"name":"Bioelectromagnetics","volume":"47 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148590249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “A Ten-Country Study on Public Perceptions of 5G EMF Emissions: Who Feels Exposed, and Why?”","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/bem.70065","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bem.70065","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Link, S. C., J. Grellier, L. Martin, et al. 2026. “A Ten-Country Study on Public Perceptions of 5G EMF Emissions: Who Feels Exposed, and Why?.” <i>Bioelectromagnetics</i> 47: e70058. https://doi.org/10.1002/bem.70058.</p><p>In the originally published article, S. C. Link's affiliation with “KIT Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Department of Science Communication, Karlsruhe, Germany” was omitted.</p><p>In addition, the funding section in the Acknowledgments has been updated. The online version of the article has been updated.</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":8956,"journal":{"name":"Bioelectromagnetics","volume":"47 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bem.70065","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148395778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Magnetic Field on the Ability of Vibrational Iterations to Enhance ROS Production by Neutrophils","authors":"German O. Stepanov,&nbsp;Elena V. Yablokova,&nbsp;Natalia N. Rodionova,&nbsp;Anastasia O. Petrova,&nbsp;Sergey A. Tarasov,&nbsp;Vadim V. Novikov","doi":"10.1002/bem.70063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bem.70063","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>When studying high dilutions, we concluded that the main role in their activity is played by the vibrational effect accompanying the dilution of the initial substance during their preparation. This concept served as the basis for developing a novel “crossing” technology, in which the initial substance and a neutral carrier (water or lactose), placed in separate, closely spaced vials, are subjected to joint vibrational processing. Consequently, the neutral carrier <i>acquires the capacity of exerting a modifying effect on the initial substance or its target, thereby altering its physicochemical and biological properties</i>, with the resulting <i>product</i> termed a vibrational iteration. In this work, the influence of vibrational iterations obtained from a neutrophil suspension as the initial substance on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by neutrophils was studied using a cellular chemiluminescence assay. The role of the magnetic characteristics of the fields under which the vibrational iterations were prepared was also investigated. It was shown that vibrational iterations prepared under geomagnetic field conditions exerted only a minor effect on ROS production by neutrophils. At the same time, vibrational iterations prepared under a combined magnetic field comparable to the geomagnetic background and supplemented with a low-amplitude variable component (50 nT with a frequency of 12.6 Hz) increased the ability of neutrophils to produce ROS by 44% ± 12%. These findings demonstrate the possibility of preparing vibrational iterations from various initial substances, including biological material. The modulating effect of combined magnetic fields on their activity was also demonstrated.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8956,"journal":{"name":"Bioelectromagnetics","volume":"47 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148324923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurements of Radio-Frequency Electromagnetic Field Levels in EXPO2025 Osaka, Kansai, Japan","authors":"Teruo Onishi,&nbsp;Kazuhiro Tobita,&nbsp;Miwa Ikuyo,&nbsp;Kaoru Esaki,&nbsp;Masao Taki","doi":"10.1002/bem.70062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bem.70062","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, we investigated radio‑frequency electromagnetic field (RF‑EMF) levels at the Expo 2025 Osaka, Kansai, Japan, a large‑scale international event that attracted approximately 26 million visitors during the event period. Spot and portable measurements were conducted for broadcast, 4G, 5G, and ISM bands in both indoor and outdoor environments. The observed E‑field strengths remained below the reference levels specified in the Japanese Radio Radiation Protection Guidelines, with the maximum E-field strength corresponding to 0.4% of the guideline limits. The RF‑EMF levels measured at the venue were comparable to those measured in typical urban areas and consistent with findings from similar studies conducted overseas. These results confirm that the level of RF‑EMF exposure during high‑density public events in Japan remains below regulatory limits and exhibits behavior trends similar to those observed in ordinary urban environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":8956,"journal":{"name":"Bioelectromagnetics","volume":"47 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bem.70062","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148324922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational Simulation and Experimental Validation of Electric Field Distribution Patterns in TTFields Therapy for Lung Cancer","authors":"Kairan Zhang,&nbsp;Sheng Chen,&nbsp;Mengxuan Zheng,&nbsp;Yuanzhen Suo,&nbsp;Jing Yu,&nbsp;Xiaotong Zhang","doi":"10.1002/bem.70064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bem.70064","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Tumor treating fields (TTFields) is a non-invasive therapeutic technology that disrupts mitotic division via intermediate-frequency alternating electric fields. For non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) at 150 kHz, complex thoracic anatomy and heterogeneous tissue properties often hinder the attainment of the therapeutic threshold (≥ 1 V/cm). To overcome this, high-fidelity Duke (male) and Ella (female) anatomical models were employed for full-wave simulations. The coordinated deployment of orthogonal transducer arrays (AP-20, LR-20, LR-13) with sex-specific tuning substantially enhanced electric-field coverage in the lower and lateral lung regions. Furthermore, modifying lung dielectric parameters by 20% demonstrated that these configurations maintain stable therapeutic coverage, exhibiting robustness against potential physiological or pathological variations. To provide an experimental foundation, in vivo murine measurements were conducted. Rather than attempting to replicate deep spatial complexities of the human body, these experiments served as a translational bridge to validate macroscopic voltage transfer efficiency and system-level losses. By introducing a physically derived correction factor (Roi) to account for voltage delivery drops, statistical analyses confirmed a high agreement between simulated and in vivo datasets, verifying the reliability of the computational framework. Regarding safety, the computed electrode–skin current density remained strictly below 31 mA/cm², which, alongside built-in clinical hardware temperature limits, effectively mitigates the risk of thermal and stimulation-induced injuries. Ultimately, this optimized strategy provides a complementary, independent physical modality that integrates bioelectromagnetic modeling with preclinical validation, offering a reliable theoretical reference to facilitate individualized NSCLC treatment planning.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8956,"journal":{"name":"Bioelectromagnetics","volume":"47 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148324921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring Lipid Oxidation in Different Lipid Matrices by Dielectric Spectroscopy Using an Open-Ended Coaxial Probe","authors":"Derya Arslan,&nbsp;Sıddıka Yusra Özkılıç,&nbsp;Emin Ünal,&nbsp;Olcay Altıntaş","doi":"10.1002/bem.70060","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bem.70060","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Lipids undergo oxidative degradation during storage, leading to quality deterioration and potential health risks; therefore, rapid and reliable monitoring methods are needed. This study evaluated dielectric measurements as an alternative approach to determine the oxidative status of different lipid systems (bulk oil, emulsion, and fatty acid methyl esters, FAMEs) during auto-oxidation. Samples were analyzed simultaneously by conventional chemical methods (peroxide value, <i>p</i>-anisidine value, and induction time) and microwave dielectric measurements in the 2–20 GHz frequency range using a coaxial probe. Strong correlations were observed between dielectric parameters and peroxide values as well as induction time in all lipid systems. Good correlations were also found between dielectric data and <i>p</i>-anisidine values in bulk oil and FAMEs, whereas correlations were moderate in emulsions. The results demonstrate that dielectric measurements show strong potential as a rapid, non-destructive, and environmentally friendly approach for assessing lipid oxidation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8956,"journal":{"name":"Bioelectromagnetics","volume":"47 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148248965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}