Bioelectromagnetics最新文献

{"title":"Evaluating Human Perception Thresholds in Magnetic Stimulation Using Experimental Measurements and Modelling","authors":"Otto Kangasmaa,&nbsp;Ilkka Laakso","doi":"10.1002/bem.70066","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bem.70066","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This preregistered study investigated whether induced electric fields alone could predict human perception thresholds in magnetic stimulation. Using a figure-of-eight magnetic coil placed on the forearm, perception thresholds were collected from 24 healthy participants using the method of adjustment in 12 stimulation conditions. Subject-fitted, anatomically realistic forearm models were constructed from a set of 10 MRI-based models. Induced electric fields were computed using the finite element method with probabilistic tissue conductivities and post-processed using spatial averaging and percentiles. Linear mixed-effects modelling showed that the perception threshold was 32.2 V/m (SD between subjects 5.2 V/m) for a damped sinusoidal magnetic pulse with 83 <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 \u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>μ</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $mu $</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>s phase duration. This threshold value was determined by spatial averaging over a cube with a side length of 2 mm and taking the 99th percentile of the electric field within the modelled forearms. However, the induced electric field did not fully explain the perception threshold (adjusted <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 \u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mi>R</mi>\u0000 \u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${{rm{R}}}^{2}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> = 0.48; permutation testing, <i>p</i> <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 \u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>&lt;</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $lt $</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> 0.001). We also conducted a supplementary modelling study, retrospectively analysing previous literature results to allow for direct comparison with our findings. These results showed that simplified calculations of the threshold electric field, obtained by modelling the forearm as a uniform cylinder, need to be scaled by a factor of 1.4 to align with the 99th percentile electric field calculated with anatomically realistic models. Both our experimental results and the modelling provide data to inform the refinement of safety guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":8956,"journal":{"name":"Bioelectromagnetics","volume":"47 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13403620/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148590347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Application on Glucose Metabolism in Rats","authors":"Harun Gencer,&nbsp;Hakkı Murat Bilgin,&nbsp;Veysi Akpolat,&nbsp;Revşa Evin Canpolat Erkan,&nbsp;Ulaş Alabalık,&nbsp;Nazan Baksi,&nbsp;İrem Akpolat","doi":"10.1002/bem.70067","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bem.70067","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) exposure on glucose metabolism-related hormonal and oxidative stress markers. Twenty-three male Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned to three groups: sham-control (<i>n</i> = 7), PEMF (<i>n</i> = 8), and PEMF + vitamin C (<i>n</i> = 8). The PEMF and PEMF + vitamin C groups were exposed to a pulsed magnetic field at 50 Hz and 1.5 mT for 4 h daily over 4 weeks. Vitamin C (250 mg/kg/day) was administered orally to the PEMF + vitamin C group. Serum and tissue levels of insulin, glucagon, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and total oxidant capacity (TOC) were measured. Histopathological evaluations of brain, liver, and pancreatic tissues were also performed. Serum glucose, insulin, glucagon, GLP-1, SIRT1, TAC, and TOC levels did not differ significantly among the experimental groups. Gastric TAC levels were significantly higher in the PEMF + vitamin C group. In renal tissue, insulin levels were significantly elevated only in the PEMF + vitamin C group. PEMF exposure did not induce systemic biochemical changes in healthy rats but elicited tissue-specific biochemical responses, particularly in gastric tissue. These findings suggest that PEMF may modulate glucose-related endocrine and redox pathways at the gastrointestinal level without causing structural tissue damage. Bioelectromagnetics. 00:00–00, 2026. © 2026 Bioelectromagnetics Society.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8956,"journal":{"name":"Bioelectromagnetics","volume":"47 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148590249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “A Ten-Country Study on Public Perceptions of 5G EMF Emissions: Who Feels Exposed, and Why?”","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/bem.70065","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bem.70065","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Link, S. C., J. Grellier, L. Martin, et al. 2026. “A Ten-Country Study on Public Perceptions of 5G EMF Emissions: Who Feels Exposed, and Why?.” <i>Bioelectromagnetics</i> 47: e70058. https://doi.org/10.1002/bem.70058.</p><p>In the originally published article, S. C. Link's affiliation with “KIT Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Department of Science Communication, Karlsruhe, Germany” was omitted.</p><p>In addition, the funding section in the Acknowledgments has been updated. The online version of the article has been updated.</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":8956,"journal":{"name":"Bioelectromagnetics","volume":"47 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bem.70065","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148395778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Magnetic Field on the Ability of Vibrational Iterations to Enhance ROS Production by Neutrophils","authors":"German O. Stepanov,&nbsp;Elena V. Yablokova,&nbsp;Natalia N. Rodionova,&nbsp;Anastasia O. Petrova,&nbsp;Sergey A. Tarasov,&nbsp;Vadim V. Novikov","doi":"10.1002/bem.70063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bem.70063","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>When studying high dilutions, we concluded that the main role in their activity is played by the vibrational effect accompanying the dilution of the initial substance during their preparation. This concept served as the basis for developing a novel “crossing” technology, in which the initial substance and a neutral carrier (water or lactose), placed in separate, closely spaced vials, are subjected to joint vibrational processing. Consequently, the neutral carrier <i>acquires the capacity of exerting a modifying effect on the initial substance or its target, thereby altering its physicochemical and biological properties</i>, with the resulting <i>product</i> termed a vibrational iteration. In this work, the influence of vibrational iterations obtained from a neutrophil suspension as the initial substance on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by neutrophils was studied using a cellular chemiluminescence assay. The role of the magnetic characteristics of the fields under which the vibrational iterations were prepared was also investigated. It was shown that vibrational iterations prepared under geomagnetic field conditions exerted only a minor effect on ROS production by neutrophils. At the same time, vibrational iterations prepared under a combined magnetic field comparable to the geomagnetic background and supplemented with a low-amplitude variable component (50 nT with a frequency of 12.6 Hz) increased the ability of neutrophils to produce ROS by 44% ± 12%. These findings demonstrate the possibility of preparing vibrational iterations from various initial substances, including biological material. The modulating effect of combined magnetic fields on their activity was also demonstrated.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8956,"journal":{"name":"Bioelectromagnetics","volume":"47 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148324923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurements of Radio-Frequency Electromagnetic Field Levels in EXPO2025 Osaka, Kansai, Japan","authors":"Teruo Onishi,&nbsp;Kazuhiro Tobita,&nbsp;Miwa Ikuyo,&nbsp;Kaoru Esaki,&nbsp;Masao Taki","doi":"10.1002/bem.70062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bem.70062","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, we investigated radio‑frequency electromagnetic field (RF‑EMF) levels at the Expo 2025 Osaka, Kansai, Japan, a large‑scale international event that attracted approximately 26 million visitors during the event period. Spot and portable measurements were conducted for broadcast, 4G, 5G, and ISM bands in both indoor and outdoor environments. The observed E‑field strengths remained below the reference levels specified in the Japanese Radio Radiation Protection Guidelines, with the maximum E-field strength corresponding to 0.4% of the guideline limits. The RF‑EMF levels measured at the venue were comparable to those measured in typical urban areas and consistent with findings from similar studies conducted overseas. These results confirm that the level of RF‑EMF exposure during high‑density public events in Japan remains below regulatory limits and exhibits behavior trends similar to those observed in ordinary urban environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":8956,"journal":{"name":"Bioelectromagnetics","volume":"47 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bem.70062","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148324922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational Simulation and Experimental Validation of Electric Field Distribution Patterns in TTFields Therapy for Lung Cancer","authors":"Kairan Zhang,&nbsp;Sheng Chen,&nbsp;Mengxuan Zheng,&nbsp;Yuanzhen Suo,&nbsp;Jing Yu,&nbsp;Xiaotong Zhang","doi":"10.1002/bem.70064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bem.70064","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Tumor treating fields (TTFields) is a non-invasive therapeutic technology that disrupts mitotic division via intermediate-frequency alternating electric fields. For non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) at 150 kHz, complex thoracic anatomy and heterogeneous tissue properties often hinder the attainment of the therapeutic threshold (≥ 1 V/cm). To overcome this, high-fidelity Duke (male) and Ella (female) anatomical models were employed for full-wave simulations. The coordinated deployment of orthogonal transducer arrays (AP-20, LR-20, LR-13) with sex-specific tuning substantially enhanced electric-field coverage in the lower and lateral lung regions. Furthermore, modifying lung dielectric parameters by 20% demonstrated that these configurations maintain stable therapeutic coverage, exhibiting robustness against potential physiological or pathological variations. To provide an experimental foundation, in vivo murine measurements were conducted. Rather than attempting to replicate deep spatial complexities of the human body, these experiments served as a translational bridge to validate macroscopic voltage transfer efficiency and system-level losses. By introducing a physically derived correction factor (Roi) to account for voltage delivery drops, statistical analyses confirmed a high agreement between simulated and in vivo datasets, verifying the reliability of the computational framework. Regarding safety, the computed electrode–skin current density remained strictly below 31 mA/cm², which, alongside built-in clinical hardware temperature limits, effectively mitigates the risk of thermal and stimulation-induced injuries. Ultimately, this optimized strategy provides a complementary, independent physical modality that integrates bioelectromagnetic modeling with preclinical validation, offering a reliable theoretical reference to facilitate individualized NSCLC treatment planning.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8956,"journal":{"name":"Bioelectromagnetics","volume":"47 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148324921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring Lipid Oxidation in Different Lipid Matrices by Dielectric Spectroscopy Using an Open-Ended Coaxial Probe","authors":"Derya Arslan,&nbsp;Sıddıka Yusra Özkılıç,&nbsp;Emin Ünal,&nbsp;Olcay Altıntaş","doi":"10.1002/bem.70060","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bem.70060","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Lipids undergo oxidative degradation during storage, leading to quality deterioration and potential health risks; therefore, rapid and reliable monitoring methods are needed. This study evaluated dielectric measurements as an alternative approach to determine the oxidative status of different lipid systems (bulk oil, emulsion, and fatty acid methyl esters, FAMEs) during auto-oxidation. Samples were analyzed simultaneously by conventional chemical methods (peroxide value, <i>p</i>-anisidine value, and induction time) and microwave dielectric measurements in the 2–20 GHz frequency range using a coaxial probe. Strong correlations were observed between dielectric parameters and peroxide values as well as induction time in all lipid systems. Good correlations were also found between dielectric data and <i>p</i>-anisidine values in bulk oil and FAMEs, whereas correlations were moderate in emulsions. The results demonstrate that dielectric measurements show strong potential as a rapid, non-destructive, and environmentally friendly approach for assessing lipid oxidation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8956,"journal":{"name":"Bioelectromagnetics","volume":"47 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148248965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposure to 5G Radiofrequency and Physiological Effects in Healthy Young Adults: Insights Into Heart Rate Variability and Salivary Stress Biomarkers","authors":"Jamal Layla,&nbsp;Michelant Lisa,&nbsp;Delanaud Stéphane,&nbsp;Bodin Raphaël,&nbsp;Hugueville Laurent,&nbsp;Mazet Paul,&nbsp;Lévêque Philippe,&nbsp;Baz Tamara,&nbsp;Stephan-Blanchard Erwan,&nbsp;Selmaoui Brahim","doi":"10.1002/bem.70056","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bem.70056","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigated the potential impact of fifth-generation (5 G) radiofrequency (RF) on the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Electrocardiograms (<i>n</i> = 43) and salivary samples (<i>n </i>= 33) were collected from healthy young volunteers before, during, and after exposure to a 3.5 GHz frequency (electrical field intensity ~1–2 V/m) emitted by an antenna while participants were seated at rest. Heart-rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) indices, including time and frequency domain measures, were analyzed from short-term epochs during both “real” and “sham” exposure sessions, under eyes-open (EO) and eyes-closed (EC) conditions. Initial variations in RR intervals and HR were observed during 5 G exposure; however, these effects were not confirmed by post-hoc analyses after correction for multiple comparisons, suggesting the absence of consistent exposure-related modulation. The only statistically significant result was a time-by-exposure interaction for the RMSSD parameter during the final exposure period. This effect was small in magnitude, limited to a single time point, and not supported by other parasympathetic indices, and should therefore be interpreted cautiously as it may reflect normal physiological variability or a statistical artifact. No consistent exposure-related effects were detected in salivary stress biomarkers, including cortisol, alpha-amylase, and chromogranin A. Although minor variations were observed in some measures, all values remained within normal physiological ranges, and their clinical relevance remains uncertain. These findings are restricted to the specific experimental conditions examined, namely short-term far-field exposure (25.5 min) at low specific absorption rate (SAR) levels (0.008 mW/kg in the brain). Overall, the results provide preliminary baseline human data at 3.5 GHz rather than confirmatory evidence of biological effects. Further studies involving larger cohorts and longer exposure durations are required to determine whether subtle or cumulative autonomic effects of 5 G exposure can be reliably detected. Bioelectromagnetics. 00:00–00, 2026. © 2026 Bioelectromagnetics Society.</p>","PeriodicalId":8956,"journal":{"name":"Bioelectromagnetics","volume":"47 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bem.70056","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148161342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Ten-Country Study on Public Perceptions of 5G EMF Emissions: Who Feels Exposed, and Why?","authors":"Sarah C. Link,&nbsp;James Grellier,&nbsp;Leanne Martin,&nbsp;Marie Eggeling-Böcker,&nbsp;Ferdinand Abacioglu,&nbsp;Carolin Schulz,&nbsp;Nina Vaupotič,&nbsp;Mathew P. White,&nbsp;Christoph Boehmert","doi":"10.1002/bem.70058","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bem.70058","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Formal risk assessment considers characteristics such as proximity, dose, and vulnerability. However, public risk perception may also be influenced by other—possibly less relevant—factors such as visibility and novelty. The introduction of 5G and its associated infrastructure and radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) may therefore change perceptions of RF-EMF from mobile communications in general. To explore this, we conducted an online survey in 10 European countries (<i>n</i> = 10,358) using a picture-based approach. Respondents perceived daily RF-EMF exposures as moderate but expected them to increase with 5G. A mobile phone at the ear was generally associated with higher perceived exposure than multiple base stations. Overall, distance to the RF-EMF source most strongly influenced perceived exposure, followed by the number of sources. 5G reception was linked to higher exposure perception than 4G or Wi-Fi reception. These patterns were consistent across most countries. We conclude that when assessing RF-EMF exposure, people rely on heuristics (e.g., more sources imply more exposure) that often guide them correctly. Understanding when and why people feel particularly exposed can help develop more effective communication about true levels of exposure and risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":8956,"journal":{"name":"Bioelectromagnetics","volume":"47 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bem.70058","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148161425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Bio-Electro-Magnetic-Energy-Regulation Therapy in Musculoskeletal Pain Management: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials","authors":"Makbule Karcı,&nbsp;Neslişah Gün,&nbsp;Rüstem Mustafaoğlu,&nbsp;Abdurrahim Yildiz,&nbsp;Rengin Demir","doi":"10.1002/bem.70057","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bem.70057","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Magnetic field therapy is a non-invasive, safe, and simple method used to directly treat various diseases and pathologies. The aim of this systematic review is to examine the evidence for the efficacy of bio-electro-magnetic-energy-regulation (BEMER), a magnetic field therapy, in the treatment of musculoskeletal pain. A database search was conducted using the following resources: PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and WoS. The following search strategy was used and adapted for each database: (“pain”) AND (“BEMER” OR “BEMER therapy” OR “PEMF” OR “bio-electromagnetic energy regulation” OR “pulsed electromagnetic field” OR “vascular therapy”), in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 statement. Randomized controlled trials involving pain assessment in musculoskeletal pathologies, written in English, published between 1 January 1990 and 30 July 2023 were included; cell, animal, and in vitro studies, reviews, and conference proceedings were excluded. The PEDro scale was used to assess the risk of bias. Seven randomized controlled trials were included. Across the included studies, some reductions in pain were reported after BEMER therapy; however, only one of four sham-controlled studies found BEMER to be superior to sham treatment. Considerable heterogeneity was observed in treatment protocols. Overall, the current evidence does not demonstrate that BEMER therapy is more effective than sham/placebo in reducing musculoskeletal pain. Standardized, high-quality trials are needed to clarify whether BEMER has any specific treatment effect beyond placebo. Bioelectromagnetics. 00:00–00, 2026. © 2026 Bioelectromagnetics Society.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8956,"journal":{"name":"Bioelectromagnetics","volume":"47 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148142617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}