Wildlife biology in practice (Online)最新文献

{"title":"Some Strategies of Conservation to Protect Two Critically Endangered, Endemic Primate Subspecies in Panama","authors":"P. Méndez-Carvajal, I. Ruiz-Bernard, G. D. León, Y. González, E. Miranda, L. Loria, G. Berguido, A. Cortes, E. Soto","doi":"10.2461/WBP.2013.9.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2461/WBP.2013.9.10","url":null,"abstract":"Neotropical Primates are commonly threatened mostly caused by deforestation and hunt pressure. It is a reality that nowadays there are many subspecies of primates living in reduced areas and poorly studied due to their remote locations, political situations or expensive logistic required. Although population surveys are important to obtain baseline information to conserve critically endangered primates, there are some opportunities where population censuses could be attached with rapid conservation strategies. In this report we recommend some ideas that scientists can develop to collaborate with the survivor of their target species while other studies are underway.","PeriodicalId":89522,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife biology in practice (Online)","volume":"55 3 1","pages":"91-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87707974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hunter and Landowner Needs and Expectations and the Economic Impact of Hunting on Rural South Carolina Counties (USA)","authors":"Benjamin J. Kendall, Jr. C. David Guynn, T. Straka, G. Yarrow","doi":"10.2461/WBP.2013.9.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2461/WBP.2013.9.9","url":null,"abstract":"Hunting has a significant impact on South Carolina’s economy. While state-level hunting related expenditure information is readily available, county level information is not. This study was designed to provide insight regarding the size and impact of the hunting industry on two South Carolina county economies, and additionally, to examine hunter and landowner needs and expectations. Over three-quarters of the private land in the two counties are open to some form of hunting. Nearly half of hunters come from out-of-state. Much of the land is leased for hunting. Landowner needs centered on technical and financial assistance, property access issues, and better hunter relations. Hunter needs were for enhanced habitat, improved roads, clearer property boundaries, and more prescribed burning. Total economic impact of hunting in the two counties was about $123 million. The current recession appeared to have little effect on this impact. Specific forest management practices could make hunting in the counties more attractive and changes in community structure could also serve to attract more hunters.","PeriodicalId":89522,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife biology in practice (Online)","volume":"37 1","pages":"76-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79056644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Faecal stable isotope analysis in white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ), an alternative method for alimentary ecology studies","authors":"Eduardo Nájera-Hillman, S. Mandujano","doi":"10.2461/WBP.2013.9.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2461/WBP.2013.9.8","url":null,"abstract":"Stable isotope analysis of tissues offers an alternative to study the alimentary ecology in wild animal populations. However, estimating the difference between diet and tissue isotope values (trophic shifts) is essential because it is not consistent for all tissues and species. Trophic shifts for white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ) antler, hair and blood, have been determined and allow for dietary reconstructions. Nevertheless, these tissues are difficult to obtain in areas where deer occur at low densities and their collection may involve unwanted manipulation of wild animals. Alternatively, faecal isotope analyses are advantageous because samples are easy to obtain in the field, their isotopic composition is related to the food ingested and allow for documenting short-term diet variability. Therefore, we estimated diet-faeces trophic shifts in white-tailed deer fed on a constant diet. The observed diet-faeces trophic shifts (0.81‰ for δ13C and 2.13‰ for δ15N) were different to the trophic shifts reported for other herbivores. However, our estimates proved to be useful when applied to a mixing model to quantify the contributions of multiple food sources to the deer’s diet. Our diet-faeces trophic shift estimates are reliable measurements which can be used to expand the potential of stable isotope analyses in white-tailed deer.","PeriodicalId":89522,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife biology in practice (Online)","volume":"44 1","pages":"63-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73828845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delineation of Landcover Boundaries in Areas Utilized or Avoided by Female Woodland Caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) Using Publicly Available Spatial Datasets.","authors":"P. Saunders","doi":"10.2461/WBP.2013.9.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2461/WBP.2013.9.7","url":null,"abstract":"The availability and utility of spatial datasets, at no cost to the end user, directly impacts the ability of government and non-governmental wildlife management agencies to delineate landcover utilization or avoidance for targeted wildlife species. The availability and utility of four datasets; Canada Land Inventory for Ungulates, Earth Observation for Sustainable Development of Forests, Provincial Forest Inventory for the Island of Newfoundland, and the Landsat 7 ETM+ were evaluated for their usefulness in delineating landcover boundaries in areas utilized by caribou during calving and post-calving. To perform this evaluation a representative sample of landcover features, in both utilized and avoided areas, were selected through the use of space-time scan statistics and maximum step length calculations, then landcover boundaries were recorded using spiral transects based on the Fibonacci sequence. The location of all land cover boundaries intersected during the completion of ground based transects were recorded and provided a baseline dataset for comparison to those depicted using the selected datasets. Object-oriented segmentation had to be completed for the Landsat ETM+ dataset before a comparison could be conducted. Root mean square error (RMSE) values were calculated for all datasets and compared with the ground based results. In addition, RMSE values were also calculated for a set of randomly generated boundary locations for each completed transect. For all datasets errors of omission were taken into account on an independent basis. Upon completion of the evaluation it was determined that all datasets, except the Earth Observation for Sustainable Development of Forests, where both the RMSE for random (r) and actual (a) boundary points (r=22.89, a=14.93, error 25meters (m)) was below the associated positional error of the dataset, would be useful for the delineation of landcover boundaries. The Canada Land Inventory (r=86.60, a=30.43, error 35m) was deemed useful only for its ability to provide information on historical location and permanence of boundaries at the landscape scale. To provide landcover delineation for the island of Newfoundland a combination of both the forest inventory (r=64.71, a=39.47, error 35m) and landsat datasets (r=37.02, a=27.92, error 30m) must be utilized along with a variety of ancillary data sources.","PeriodicalId":89522,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife biology in practice (Online)","volume":"313 1","pages":"40-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77514176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profiling tigers (Panthera tigris) to formulate management responses to human-killing in the Bangladesh Sundarbans","authors":"A. Barlow, I. Ahmad, James L. D. Smith","doi":"10.2461/WBP.2013.9.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2461/WBP.2013.9.6","url":null,"abstract":"Human-killing by tigers (Panthera tigris) in the Bangladesh Sundarbans may lead to negative attitudes and retribution killings by local communities, which in turn may have a substantial impact on the long-term viability of the tiger population. The objectives of this paper were therefore to (1) assess the scale and historical trend of tiger attacks on humans in the Bangladesh SRF, and (2) build a profile of the tigers carrying out the attacks. We collated available literature cataloging official government records of tiger attacks on humans, and built tiger profiles using the location and time of each attack. A total of 1 396 human deaths were recorded over 63 years, or an average of 22 human deaths/year. An estimated total of 110 tigers killed humans in the SRF over 23 years with a mean five victims/tiger, and most tigers that killed humans were concentrated in the west. An estimated 50% of tigers only killed one person, and tigers that killed more than one person accounted for 81% of total human fatalities. These results support recommendations for the collaring human-killing tigers and the formation of tiger response teams to reduce the number of humans killed by tigers over time.","PeriodicalId":89522,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife biology in practice (Online)","volume":"23 1","pages":"30-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79091815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abundance of canids and human canid conflict in the Hindu Kush Mountain range of Pakistan","authors":"J. U. Din, Shoaib Hameed, K. A. Shah, M. A. Khan, Sirajur R. Khan, Muhammad Ali, M. Nawaz","doi":"10.2461/WBP.2013.9.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2461/WBP.2013.9.5","url":null,"abstract":"This paper outlines the abundance of the three main canid species including gray wolf (Canis lupus), jackal (Canis aureus), and red fox (Vulpes vulpes) ascertained through camera trapping, questionnaire surveys and pastoralist experience of wolf in the Hindu Kush Mountain Range, Chitral, Pakistan. The study is the first ever attempt to debate on the status of canids since, 1970s. Using the photo capture rate (RAI), we confirmed the occurrence of the three species in the study sites, which include the protected areas and buffer zones of District Chitral. Trapping effort of 880 trap days resulted in the cumulative canid capture rate of 23.18. Overall capture rate of red fox was high (RAI=11.4), followed by jackal (RAI=9.3) and wolf (RAI=3.5). Maximum pack size of wolf captured was three and that of jackal was four individuals snapped in a single capture, while red fox was found to be solitary during this study. Furthermore, red fox was most nocturnal out of the three canids, while both wolf and jackal were found to be crepuscular species. The high capture rate (79.7%) of human with livestock coupled with increased predation of livestock by wolf (1.09losses/household/year) is a major warning to the survival of this large canid. Majority (70.17%) of the pastoralist community perceived wolf as most dangerous to livestock and wanted to reduce or eliminate (n=207; 86.97%) the species, highly suggestive that appropriate conservation measures are required to ensure the survival of wolf in the longer run.","PeriodicalId":89522,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife biology in practice (Online)","volume":"133 1-4","pages":"20-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72447772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ungulate Biology, Health and Management in the 21st century: the Tables are Turned in the Iberian Peninsula","authors":"E. Serrano, J. López-Martín, C. Rosell, C. Fonseca","doi":"10.2461/WBP.2013.IBEUN.0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2461/WBP.2013.IBEUN.0","url":null,"abstract":"Long time ago, observing ungulates in the Iberian Peninsula (IP) was a privilege for few lucky people. In those days Iberian ibexes, chamois, roe deer or red deer populations were moderately abundant in some game units or present in remote areas of IP. However, currently, ungulate populations in the IP are mostly a conservation success story, as their numbers and distribution range have increased substantially over most of our territory. This extraordinary population increase has created new challenges for hunters, wildlife ecologists, veterinarians and managers. Actually, not only wild boars are now easy to sight in some cities of the IP but are responsible for certain insecurity for local residents, specially due to road traffic accidents. Today, roe deer and Iberian ibexes have significantly increased their distribution and it’s possible to see ibexes near to the shoreline and roe deer groups colonizing semi-arid and dry Mediterranean habitats. Surprisingly, the Iberian ibex is absent in some regions of the Iberian range (e.g., centre and south Portugal, or in the Pyrenees) which have triggered an intense debate between managers and researchers about the suitability for a further reintroduction. Little is known, on the other hand, about the current status of old adopted species, such as the aoudad, and we know very little about the status of groups of pot-bellied pigs and feral goats in our countries. The impact of diseases on these species and on human beings (in case of shared diseases and zoonosis) becomes, now more than ever, a very important issue because of the abundance of Iberian ungulate populations. The great conservation and management efforts and successes of the past now face a new challenge: the problem of coexistence of humans with this group of mammals. It is important that scientists, managers, hunters and administrators meet to discuss what to do in the near future. The RUSI (Reunion sobre Ungulados Silvestres Ibericos / Reuniao sobre Ungulados Silvestres Ibericos) is an Iberian forum to bring up those issues. During the last two meetings (the second edition took place on July 2011 in Aveiro, Portugal and the third on October 2013 in Girona, Spain), the following conclusions were built about two main issues: ungulate management and population monitoring (Aveiro, Portugal) and Human-ungulate conflict prevention and management. Regarding ungulate management and population monitoring, the main conclusions have been summarized in the following five points: Game managers and researchers should work towards the promotion of Game Certification, increasing awareness and understanding of a sustainable management and in accordance to the natural selection process and natural population dynamics. Small hunting states from northwest Iberian Peninsula, should work towards developing a global management plans including the management of a specific ungulate population in several states at the same time. Managers should pay attention to supp","PeriodicalId":89522,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife biology in practice (Online)","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77102120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dispersal record of Wild boar (Sus scrofa) in northeast Spain: Implications for implementing disease-monitoring programs","authors":"E. Casas‐Díaz, Francesc Closa-Sebastià, A. Peris, J. Torrentó, R. Casanovas, I. Marco, S. Lavín, P. Fernández-Llario, E. Serrano","doi":"10.2461/WBP.2013.IBEUN.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2461/WBP.2013.IBEUN.3","url":null,"abstract":"Dispersal is a useful tool for understanding the ecology of species and the spread of their diseases in wildlife. In the case of wild boar (Sus scrofa), its dispersal depends on environmental changes, food availability, population density, or hunting pressure. The goal of this study was to describe the dispersal of wild boars captured with cage-traps, anesthetized and marked with ear tags between 2008 and 2012 in Catalonia (northeast Spain). Six of 40 wild boars (16 males and 24 females) were recaptured at a mean linear distance of 45.8 km (min. 30, max. 89.8) from their origin. Surprisingly females dispersed more than males, 57.7 km in average, and a distance 1.7 times higher than her counterparts from other parts of the world. These dispersal patterns would be partially explained by the search of new territories. The impressive dispersal ability of wild boars should be taken into account in the design of health surveillance programs of wildlife diseases.","PeriodicalId":89522,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife biology in practice (Online)","volume":"19 1","pages":"19-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76486630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The establishment and distribution of feral wild boar (Sus scrofa) in England","authors":"C. Wilson","doi":"10.2461/WBP.2014.UN.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2461/WBP.2014.UN.1","url":null,"abstract":"Until recently, geographic isolation has protected Britain from the widespread increases in wild boar populations seen elsewhere in Europe, but following the development of wild boar farming in the 1980s a number of escapes and releases have occurred, resulting in the re-establishment of the species in the wild in England. \u0000The present study monitored the establishment and presence of wild boar in England by collating reports of escapes or releases and ground-truthing evidence of animals in the wild. This data is used to give an up-to-date indication of the distribution of the species in England. \u0000In the twenty years from 1989/90 to 2008/9 an average of one to two escape/release incidents occurred each year, with individual incidents involving from one to more than 50 individuals. These have resulted in the establishment of at least four distinct populations, the largest of which probably has a pre-breeding population in excess of 200 animals. None of the escapes or releases involving five or fewer individuals is believed to have led to establishment of a population. \u0000Based on the availability of woodland, there is potential for a total population in England of around 30,000 – 40,000 animals. However, future development of local populations is likely to be constrained over much of the country because of low woodland cover and culling pressure, and it is likely to take many years for a population of this size to develop, if at all.","PeriodicalId":89522,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife biology in practice (Online)","volume":"22 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77836052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Size and density of a feral goat Capra hircus population in a protected area in the Pyrenees","authors":"J. Herrero, O. Fernández, C. Prada, A. GARCÍA-SERRANO","doi":"10.2461/WBP.2013.IBEUN.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2461/WBP.2013.IBEUN.1","url":null,"abstract":"To estimate the number and density of feral goats Capra hircus in Guara Nature Park (Pyrenees, Spain), 30 observation points were established throughout a 440-km2 portion of the park occupied by goats. In April and May, 2009, goats were counted daily during 3-h observation periods that began at dusk. The counts documented 282 goats in 39 groups. Their locations were mapped and, to calculate the area occupied by the groups, the data were analysed using ArcInfo, which indicated that the total visual area was 8,075 ha. Based on Distance Sampling, the estimated density was 2.1 goats km2 (CV 32%), which implied a population of about 940 individuals. That sub-population is part of a larger population in the southern Pyrenees that s distributed over an area of at least 2,100 km2 and, probably, is one of the largest populations in continental Europe. In the Pyrenees feral goats might be an important food resource for the endangered Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos. The conservation, control, or eradication of those goats should be based on a comprehensive analysis of its role in the ecology of the Pyrenees.","PeriodicalId":89522,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife biology in practice (Online)","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87541421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}