Wildlife biology in practice (Online)最新文献

Assessing ‘observer effects’ from an aircraft on behavior of three Delphinidae species (Grampus griseus, Delphinus delphis, and Orcinus orca) 从飞机上评估“观察者效应”对三种海豚科物种(灰背海豚、德尔福海豚和虎鲸)行为的影响

Wildlife biology in practice (Online) Pub Date : 2017-03-14 DOI: 10.2461/WBP.2016.12.8

K. Lomac-MacNair, M. Smultea

{"title":"Assessing ‘observer effects’ from an aircraft on behavior of three Delphinidae species (Grampus griseus, Delphinus delphis, and Orcinus orca)","authors":"K. Lomac-MacNair, M. Smultea","doi":"10.2461/WBP.2016.12.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2461/WBP.2016.12.8","url":null,"abstract":"We systematically video-documented three species of Delphinidae: Risso’s dolphin (Grampus griseus) short-beaked common dolphin (Delphinus delphis) and killer whales (Orcinus orca) in the Southern California Bight (2009-2011) to assess whether the observation aircraft (fixed-wing Partenavia) affected selected behavioral variables. Focal observations were conducted to examine potential changes in group cohesion and heading reorientation rate, to the plane circling at four altitudes; 213m, 305m, 457m, and 610m while maintaining a radial distance >500 m. Paired t-tests were used to test the null hypothesis that mean maximum cohesion and mean reorientation of groups do not vary significantly based on plane altitude. For cohesion no significant effects were found for the eight G. griseus focal sessions (p = 0.447), one D. delphis (p = 0.602) and one O. orca (p = 0.197). For reorientation no significant effects were found for the eight G. griseus focal sessions (p = 0.591) and one O. orca (p = 0.936); the sample size was too small to calculate reorientation for D. delphis. Our results suggest that our small plane circling at radial distance >500 m and altitude 213 – 610 m did not cause measurable changes in cohesion and reorientation or other observable changes for the three species. We believe this is due to the aircraft remaining >500 m radial distance from the animals and at altitudes well outside the theoretical 26-degree sound transmission cone (“Snell’s Cone”) below the aircraft for the air-through-water interface.","PeriodicalId":89522,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife biology in practice (Online)","volume":"16 1","pages":"75-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73194381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

The Hunting Trends of Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) Hunters in Northeastern Algeria 阿尔及利亚东北部野猪猎人的狩猎趋势

Wildlife biology in practice (Online) Pub Date : 2017-03-14 DOI: 10.2461/WBP.2016.12.9

Fatima Zohra Boumendjel, Ghayet El Mouna Hajji, Juan Valqui, Z. Bouslama

{"title":"The Hunting Trends of Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) Hunters in Northeastern Algeria","authors":"Fatima Zohra Boumendjel, Ghayet El Mouna Hajji, Juan Valqui, Z. Bouslama","doi":"10.2461/WBP.2016.12.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2461/WBP.2016.12.9","url":null,"abstract":"Wild boars have been expanding their range in the northern part of Algeria probably as a consequence of decreasing hunting pressure since the Algerian government has banned hunting for more than 20 years because of civil war. Wild boar is causing a lot of damages and is considered in rural areas as a permanent threat to the crops, livestock and people in recent years. Such situation is obvious in the Annaba district situated in northeastern Algeria. Population control is strongly requested by farmers. However, the number of hunters has been drastically decreasing since the 1990´s. To maintain hunting activity and increase the number of hunters, which in the end can lead to hunting as a management tool, we must understand their dynamic by investigating their activities and attitudes. \u0000This study is the first investigation in Algeria dealing with the assessment of wild boar hunters’ activities and attitudes. Questionnaires were conducted in 2014; out of 150 licensed hunters at the local hunting associations in Annaba, 114 were questioned and interviewed. Almost half of hunters (47.4 %) were more than 60 years old. We found that most of them (56.2 %) practice hunting for over 30 years; hunting was seen by 40.4 % of hunters as a traditional sport-leisure, which means that for the majority of hunters the idea of \"hunting to control\" is not considered. The major problem encountered by 36 % of hunters is the lack of munitions, followed by the difficulty of weapon purchase.","PeriodicalId":89522,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife biology in practice (Online)","volume":"2 1","pages":"91-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76715552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

European Badger (Meles meles) Biology, Ecology and Management: Do We Know Enough? 欧洲獾(Meles Meles)生物学、生态学和管理:我们知道的够多吗?

Wildlife biology in practice (Online) Pub Date : 2017-01-05 DOI: 10.2461/WBP.2016.EB.0

E. L. San, G. Proulx

引用次数: 0

Biosecurity and cross-contamination in epidemiological studies involving trapping and sampling wildlife 涉及诱捕和取样野生动物的流行病学研究中的生物安全和交叉污染

Wildlife biology in practice (Online) Pub Date : 2016-10-17 DOI: 10.2461/WBP.2016.12.6

A. Hillman

引用次数: 3

Can cattle ranching and game activities shape European badger (Meles meles, L. 1758) diet: evidences from Southwestern Europe 牧场和狩猎活动能否影响欧洲獾(Meles Meles, L. 1758)的饮食:来自欧洲西南部的证据

Wildlife biology in practice (Online) Pub Date : 2016-10-12 DOI: 10.2461/WBP.2016.EB.1

D. Hipólito, M. Santos‐Reis, L. M. Rosalino

{"title":"Can cattle ranching and game activities shape European badger (Meles meles, L. 1758) diet: evidences from Southwestern Europe","authors":"D. Hipólito, M. Santos‐Reis, L. M. Rosalino","doi":"10.2461/WBP.2016.EB.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2461/WBP.2016.EB.1","url":null,"abstract":"Mediterranean native ecosystems have been disturbed by human activities for millennia and nowadays these landscapes are highly dependent of anthropic management actions which are also responsible for the maintenance of high biodiversity and conservation value. Among the activities that shaped western Mediterranean areas, in particular the “montado” landscapes, agriculture, cattle raising and game activities, have an important role. In this study we aimed to assess if cattle ranching and hunting management might influence European badgers (Meles meles) diet. Results show that badger’s diet is based on the consumption of wheat (Triticum sp.) and insects, whose availability is related with cattle and game management. While wheat is used as supplementary food for game species (e.g. wild rabbit), insects, and especially coprophogous beetles, are associated with cattle dung. This results demonstrate the uses the resources made available by the dominant human activities in the area. No seasonal variation was detected in terms of biomass ingested although the frequency of occurrence of some prey varied along the year, with a higher predation of grasshoppers the dry season, and of crickets, arthropods larvae and acorns in the wet season, a pattern probably related with prey-items availability. We also registered an unusual consumption of mushrooms, also associated with their higher abundance due to climate conditions. This study confirms the opportunistic feeding character of badgers and that in our study area cattle ranching and game activities are being influential in shaping local badger diet.","PeriodicalId":89522,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife biology in practice (Online)","volume":"16 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75271018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

3D topography and structure analysis of three badger setts from Western Switzerland 瑞士西部三组獾的三维地形和结构分析

Wildlife biology in practice (Online) Pub Date : 2016-10-12 DOI: 10.2461/WBP.2016.EB.3

C. Fischer, François Dunant

引用次数: 8

Badger (Meles meles) Sett Site Selection in Darwin Reserve, Northwestern Russia 俄罗斯西北部达尔文自然保护区的獾(Meles Meles)聚集地选择

Wildlife biology in practice (Online) Pub Date : 2016-10-12 DOI: 10.2461/WBP.2016.EB.2

N. Sidorchuk, V. Rozhnov

{"title":"Badger (Meles meles) Sett Site Selection in Darwin Reserve, Northwestern Russia","authors":"N. Sidorchuk, V. Rozhnov","doi":"10.2461/WBP.2016.EB.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2461/WBP.2016.EB.2","url":null,"abstract":"Badger (Meles meles) sett site selection was studied in non-optimal habitats of the Darwin Reserve in northwestern Russia. Peat bog areas constitute the greater part of the reserve territory. Because subterranean waters lie close to the surface, soil conditions are unfavorable for sett construction and badgers dig their burrows in old charcoal pits – ring-shaped elevated grounds, which are remains of the charcoal trade of the 19th century. From 1963 to 1998, 599 coal-bunkers were surveyed in the reserve for species using burrows (European Badger Meles meles; Red Fox Vulpes vulpes; and Raccoon Dog Nyctereutes procyonoides). Badgers used only 14% of the charcoal pits for sett construction; 38 of them were mapped in 20012006. They were divided in three groups: 1) charcoal pits with main setts, 2) charcoal pits with outliers, and 3) charcoal pits not used by badgers. For each charcoal pit, we recorded a number of variables related to food and shelter for badgers: size and height of coal pits, abundance of undergrowth on coal pits, areas of different forest types, and length of ecotones in the vicinity of coal pits. Biotope composition of charcoal pit surroundings was similar for all groups of charcoal pits. Badgers preferred mosaics of habitats, as suggested by the extent of forest-swamp borders near setts where badgers find their main food, i.e., frogs. The size and height of the charcoal pits was also important. Big charcoal pits can hold large shelters with a few tunnel systems used by animals to move among chambers and possibly escape accumulation of ectoparasites. Badgers also use large charcoal pits to overwinter.","PeriodicalId":89522,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife biology in practice (Online)","volume":"97 1","pages":"14-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85922599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Ecology of European Badger Meles Meles in the Western Capathian Mountains: A Review 卡帕西亚山脉西部欧洲獾的生态学研究进展

Wildlife biology in practice (Online) Pub Date : 2016-10-12 DOI: 10.2461/WBP.2016.EB.4

R. Mysłajek, S. Nowak, A. Rożen, K. Kurek, M. Figura, B. Jędrzejewska

引用次数: 8

Gender differences in hunter recruitment and dedication in Denmark 丹麦猎人招募与奉献的性别差异

Wildlife biology in practice (Online) Pub Date : 2016-10-11 DOI: 10.2461/WBP.2016.12.5

Shari L Rodriguez

{"title":"Gender differences in hunter recruitment and dedication in Denmark","authors":"Shari L Rodriguez","doi":"10.2461/WBP.2016.12.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2461/WBP.2016.12.5","url":null,"abstract":"Females represent a growing, but largely untapped, demographic among hunters, yet relatively little is known about female hunting recruitment and dedication. We began to address the need for research on the role of gender in hunter recruitment and dedication with a mail survey of Danish Hunters Association members (n = 701). Females were older (x = 22) than males (x = 15, SE = 2.1) when they first participated in hunting as a spectator. Females were less dedicated to hunting than males based on days spent hunting in the 2005-06 hunting season (10.4 versus 23.4) and the amount of money spent on hunting annually (6,419 versus 11,086 Danish krones). The lower dedication among female respondents may be explained in part by previous research suggesting that early engagement in hunting is a predictor of persistence as a hunter. Thus, addressing the gender gap in hunter recruitment, retention, and dedication will likely require engaging females at younger ages and through familial networks. Given the increasingly important role of women in decision making in family activities, the importance of family in maintaining hunting participation, and the huge gender bias among hunters, investing in efforts to promote female hunting participation should be central to international hunting recruitment and retention efforts.","PeriodicalId":89522,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife biology in practice (Online)","volume":"394 1","pages":"43-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85009769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

A CAUTIONARY NOTE ON THE USE OF MNA-DERIVED TRAPPABILITY METRICS IN WILDLIFE PROGRAMMES, AS EXEMPLIFIED BY THE CASE OF THE EUROPEAN BADGER (MELES MELES) 关于在野生动物项目中使用mna衍生的可捕获性指标的警告说明，如欧洲獾的案例(meles meles)。

Wildlife biology in practice (Online) Pub Date : 2016-10-11 DOI: 10.2461/WBP.2016.EB.5

A. Byrne, E. L. San

{"title":"A CAUTIONARY NOTE ON THE USE OF MNA-DERIVED TRAPPABILITY METRICS IN WILDLIFE PROGRAMMES, AS EXEMPLIFIED BY THE CASE OF THE EUROPEAN BADGER (MELES MELES)","authors":"A. Byrne, E. L. San","doi":"10.2461/WBP.2016.EB.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2461/WBP.2016.EB.5","url":null,"abstract":"Minimum Number Alive (MNA) is a widely used index of abundance and trappability in mark-recapture programmes. MNA is a negatively-biased abundance index, and is sensitive to capture probability and the capture session number. This suggests that MNA-trappability will be positively-biased, and that the extent of the bias will vary with true trappability and trapping regime. Inappropriate use of the index may therefore lead to over-optimistic estimates of trappability. In this note, we highlight the dangers of using MNA-trappability for wildlife practitioners. Using closed-population stochastic simulation, we verify that MNA-trappability indeed provides over-optimistic estimates, especially when true trappability is <70% and the number of trapping occasions is small (<7). Using severely-biased trappability estimates could have serious consequences for wildlife conservation, management or vaccination studies. We specifically discuss the implications of this finding in relation to control programmes of the European badger Meles meles and recommend that future studies, where possible, use multiple metrics of trappability to assess the consistency of results across estimators.","PeriodicalId":89522,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife biology in practice (Online)","volume":"106 1","pages":"51-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77684684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4