The open pathology journal最新文献

{"title":"Oxidative Stress in Parkinson’s Disease","authors":"A. Friedlich, Mark A. Smith, Xiongwei Zhu, A. Takeda, A. Nunomura, P. Moreira, George Perry","doi":"10.2174/1874375700903010038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874375700903010038","url":null,"abstract":"Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive, age-related movement disorder, whose neuropathology is characterized by degeneration of the afferent pigmented neurons of the substantia nigra. Also associated with PD neuropathology are disrupted iron homeostasis, oxidative stress, and intracellular deposition of alpha-synuclein protein in Lewy bodies. Here we review oxidative stress mechanisms in Parkinson's disease, with emphasis on the relationship between oxidative stress and alpha-synuclein gene expression.","PeriodicalId":89507,"journal":{"name":"The open pathology journal","volume":"67 1","pages":"38-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75623460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maximum Standardized Uptake Value of F-18 FDG-PET Inversely Correlated with Immunoexpression of p16INK4a in Patients with Non-SmallCell Lung Cancer","authors":"I. Abdulkader, Á. Ruibal, J. Cameselle-Teijeiro, F. Gudé, J. J. Christensen, L. León, P. Arce-Calisaya, A. Sánchez-Salmón, J. Forteza","doi":"10.2174/1874375700903010033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874375700903010033","url":null,"abstract":"We have studied the possible relationship between the immunohistochemical expression of p16 INK4a and the maximum standardized uptake value (SUV max) of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (F-18 FDG- PET) in 49 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Immunohistochemical negativity of p16 INK4a was verified in 71.4 % of the patients, higher in squamous cell carcinomas than in adenocarcinomas (p: 0.033). The SUV max corre- lates with negativity for p16 INK4a (p: 0.042) and was higher (p: 0.024) in cases with p16 INK4a -negative (17.3 ± 8.3) than in cases with p16 INK4a -positive (12.7 ± 5.2). We can conclude that inactivation of the p16 INK4a gene is very frequent in NSCLC, with higher values in squamous cell carcinomas. SUV max correlated positively and statistically with negativity for p16 INK4a , which could explain why higher estimates of SUV max are found in squamous cell carcinomas when com- pared to adenocarcinomas. Only the clinical stage was found to be an independent prognostic value after multivariate analysis.","PeriodicalId":89507,"journal":{"name":"The open pathology journal","volume":"8 1","pages":"33-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82307941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selective COX-2 Inhibitor (Rofecoxib) Inhibits Vinorelbine Cytotoxicity in C6 Glioma Cells In Vitro","authors":"Sevilcan Tuna, M. Altinoz, A. Karasu, A. Canbolat, A. Bilir","doi":"10.2174/1874375700903010022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874375700903010022","url":null,"abstract":"We examined the effects of gemcitabine, a novel nucleotide analogue, and vinorelbine, a semi-synthetic vinca alcaloid, in C6 glioma cell culture. We simultaneously monitored the modulation of its activity in combination with the te- lomerase inhibitory agent dimetilsulfoxid and with a specific cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitory agent Rofecoxib. The effects of the gemcitabine/ vinorelbine combination were observed over a 96 hour period. Plating, S-phase (bromodeoxyuridine- labelling index) and ultrastructure were selected as the evaluation parameters of drug interactions. Gemcitabine (10� g/ml) was found to possess significant blocking activity of C6 glioma plating and cells' S-phase. Vi- norelbine (10� g/ml) also demonstrated significant inhibitory activity. Vinorelbine reduced BrdU-LI but was not as effec- tive as gemcitabine. Rofecoxib (10� g/ml) showed no synergism on cell inhibition either with gemcitabine or vinorelbine and protected against the S-phase depleting activity of vinorelbine. Dimetilsulfoxid (20� g/ml) reduced the effect of vinorelbine in spheroid culture. But at the final 96 th hour tie point dimetil- sulfoxid reduced the increasing cell numbers which were previously seen in the gemcitabine group. In conclusion, both gemcitabine and vinorelbine effectively reduced both the monolayer and spheroid growth of C6 glioma cells. At the single cell level, only dimetilsulfoxid could sensitise for gemcitabine but not vinorelbine. Despite re- ducing spheroid growth, treatment using cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors with microtubule inhibitors should be avoided.","PeriodicalId":89507,"journal":{"name":"The open pathology journal","volume":"4 1","pages":"22-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74543752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of Burkholderia pseudomallei by SYBR Green Real Time PCR","authors":"K. Andresen, R. Dargis, M. Kemp, J. J. Christensen","doi":"10.2174/1874375700903010030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874375700903010030","url":null,"abstract":"Development of rapid and sensitive techniques for detection of B. pseudomallei is an important aim for public health. Here we report a B. pseudomallei specific SYBR Green-based real time PCR targeting a species specific toxin gene. The assay is able to detect 1-2 genome equivalents of B. pseudomallei.","PeriodicalId":89507,"journal":{"name":"The open pathology journal","volume":"40 1","pages":"30-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73748357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postconditioning Does Not Improve Renal Function or Attenuate Tubular Damage in Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Mice","authors":"S. Zhuang, B. Lu, M. Pang","doi":"10.2174/1874375700903010018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874375700903010018","url":null,"abstract":"Postconditioning (PostC), a series of brief ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) cycles at reperfusion onset, is a recently described approach to attenuate I/R injury in the heart and brain. Here, we examined its effect on acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in a mouse model. C57/black mice were subjected to right nephrec- tomy and 26-min left renal artery occlusion, and then divided into three groups: Group I, mice were only reperfused for 48 hr; Group II, mice received PostC that was initiated by three cycles of 30-s ischemia with a 30-s interval immediately after initial ischemia before reperfusion; Group III, mice were reperfused for 10 min after initial ischemia and then received the same regime of PostC prior to reperfusion. At 48 hr after reperfusion, renal function was assessed by measurement of se- rum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and tubular damage was evaluated by histology. Our results showed that I/R injury led to increased serum creatinine and BUN levels and tubular damage. However, PostC did not improve renal function, or attenuate pathological damage to tubules. These results suggest that PostC does not provide a protective effect on renal injury due to ischemia in C57/black mice with these two protocols.","PeriodicalId":89507,"journal":{"name":"The open pathology journal","volume":"38 1","pages":"18-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85257740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Use of Molecular Markers (p16, Ki-67 and E-Cadherin) in Uterine Cervical Biopsies","authors":"Natália Munhoz, D. Rodrigues, Yukari Takase, J. Pedregosa, J. Rodrigues, K. Miyazaki, Melissa Silva Garcia Junqueira, P. T. K. Yonamine, Sabrina F Pereira, O. Tokunaga, S. Uezato, T. Pandossio, E. Martins, F. B. Oliveira, J. Cordeiro, Jane Lopes Bonilha, P. Cury","doi":"10.2174/1874375700903010010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874375700903010010","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Cervical cancer is related to the Human Papillomavirus (HPV). The E7 viral DNA sequence in- duces the start of DNA synthesis of infected cell, releasing protein p16. The sequence E6 inhibits apoptosis, with pro- longed survival of cells heavily damaged and changed, with inhibition of p53 protein and increasing of protein Ki-67. In those injured cells, the molecules are reduced to join the cell membrane, the type E-cadherin. Aim: To study the expression of p16 protein in: normal epithelium cervical, cervical lesions, pre-invasive (CIN) persistent and no persistent lesions and invasive carcinoma of the cervix and to correlate with the expression of Ki-67 and E- cadherin. Patients and Methods: 54 uterine cervix biopsies were selected and submitted to immunohistochemical study, with bio- markers p16, Ki-67 and E-cadherin. Results: 1 CIN I (27.9%) and CIN II (47.9%) had lower expression of p16 than in CIN III (73.5%) and invasive carcinoma (72.7%) (p < 0.0005). For Ki-67, invasive carcinoma (57.8%), had a higher expression when compared to CIN I (35.6%), CIN II (51.9%) and CIN III (40.9%) (p = 0.005). E-cadherin expression in invasive carcinoma (46.2%) was lower than in CIN III (56.0%), CIN II (77.4%) and CIN I (82.2%) (p < 0.0005) and, normal epithelium had the greatest E-cadherin ex- pression (89.1%). In persistent and no persistent CIN there was no difference in the expression of the biomarkers, with p16 presenting p = 0.50, Ki-67, p = 0.91 and the E-cadherin a p = 0.43 value. Conclusions: The use of p16, Ki-67 and E-cadherin biomarkers in cervical biopsies with difficult diagnosis could help in the early diagnosis of malignant lesions and support adequate treatment, 2. There is no association between the diagnosis of the biopsy and the persistence of the cervical lesion and, 3. The used biomarkes don't differentiate between persistent CIN and no persistent lesions.","PeriodicalId":89507,"journal":{"name":"The open pathology journal","volume":"27 1","pages":"10-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83333471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression of CD105 (Endoglin) in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Correlation with Intrahepatic Metastasis: Analysis Using Tissue Microarrays and Comparison with Other Endothelial Marker","authors":"Fang‐Yi Lee, D. Mori, Yukari Takase, Rahmawati Minhajat, F. Yamasaki, K. Miyazaki, O. Tokunaga","doi":"10.2174/1874375700903010004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874375700903010004","url":null,"abstract":"Neovascularization provides the route for nutrient supply to the tumor and the conduit for tumor cells to be shed into the circulation. CD31 is a pan-endothelial cell marker and CD105 is an active endothelial cell marker, but whether there is a link between CD105 expression and metastasis in Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) still remains unclear. A tissue microarray containing 38 HCCs and adjacent non-tumorous liver tissue samples was constructed. The microvessel density (MVD) of CD31, CD105, vWF and the expression of PCNA, VEGF were investigated in a HCC tissue microarray by immunohistochemistry. There was a significant difference between the score of MVD-CD31 in HCC (48.5 ± 29.7) and non-tumorous liver tissue (24.2 ± 22.3, P<0.01). The mean score of MVD-CD31 was higher in HCCs with high PCNA expression (68.4 ± 37.0) than in HCCs with low PCNA expression (37.9 ± 30.9, P = 0.012). MVD-CD105 and VEGF expression were significantly higher in HCC with intrahepatic metastasis (P < 0.01). Multivariate analysis confirmed that MVDCD105 but not MVD-CD31 was an independent contributing factor to the intrahepatic metastasis. In conlusions, MVD-CD105 expression is associated with intrahepatic metastasis of HCC. Because CD105 is expressed in the activated endothelial cells of the newly formed blood vessels, neovascularization is important in the metastasis of HCC.","PeriodicalId":89507,"journal":{"name":"The open pathology journal","volume":"48 1","pages":"4-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73772765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Malignant Desmoplastic Type Mesothelioma Mimicking a Fibrous Pseudotumor of the Tunica Vaginalis: A Case Report and Literature Review","authors":"Fang‐Yi Lee, M. Wen, John Wang, Chun-Kai Tseng","doi":"10.2174/1874375700903010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874375700903010001","url":null,"abstract":"Malignant mesothelioma is an uncommon tumor of serosal surfaces. The most common sites of origin include the pleura and the peritoneum. Malignant mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis testis is rare. We describe a 78 year-old man with a 2-month history of a rapidly enlarging scrotum. The initial pathologic diagnosis was fibrous pseudotumor by the presence of cellular spindle cells and the background of dense fibrous tissue. However, further immunohistochemistry revealed characteristic features of desmoplastic variant mesothelioma. Mesothelioma of the peritoneum and tunica vagi- nalis tends to be the epithelioid type. The purely desmoplastic-type mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis has never been reported. Immunohistochemistry is essential to the diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":89507,"journal":{"name":"The open pathology journal","volume":"104 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88302078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Grade Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Renal Pelvis with Divergent Differentiation Mimicking a Renal Abscess","authors":"N. Sarkissian, J. Lara","doi":"10.2174/1874375700802010115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874375700802010115","url":null,"abstract":"We describe an unusual case of high-grade transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis with sarcomatoid and squamous differentiation that presented as a left renal abscess. The patient had originally been treated for minimally inva- sive transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder and ureteral orifices five years prior. Computerized tomography scan findings were consistent with an abscess of the left kidney. Percutaneous nephrostomy with drainage afforded no clinical improvement. Nephrectomy was performed and tissue was removed piecemeal because of the diagnosis of an ab- scess. Macroscopically the tissue was fragmented and necrotic with patches of gray-tan abscess. Microscopic sections re- vealed a biphasic neoplasm with squamous and sarcomatous elements that were co-existent with evident morphologic transition. There was also evidence of residual papillary transitional cell carcinoma in the renal pelvis. The sarcomatoid component was immunoreactive for cytokeratin, and vimentin. A malignant process must always be considered as an un- derlying cause when patients present with an abscess especially when there is a prior history of malignancy.","PeriodicalId":89507,"journal":{"name":"The open pathology journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"115-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91292945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular and Genetic Pathogenesis of Lung Cancer: Differences Between Small-Cell and Non-Small-Cell Carcinomas","authors":"H. Kitamura, T. Yazawa, K. Okudela, H. Shimoyamada, Hanako Sato","doi":"10.2174/1874375700802010106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874375700802010106","url":null,"abstract":"Lung cancer is classified into small-cell carcinoma (SCLC) and non-small-cell carcinoma (NSCLC). The pro- file of molecular and genetic alterations considerably differs between SCLC and NSCLC, as well as among the subtypes of NSCLC. Tp53 is inactivated in nearly 50% of NSCLC, while its mutations with functional inactivation are greatly prevalent in SCLC (70-100%). Rb gene alterations and protein loss are found in virtually all SCLC, but rarely in NSCLC. Instead, the Rb function is abrogated due to dysfunction of the upstream regulators of the Rb pathway. Tp53 alterations are later events in adenocarcinoma, while they occur early in squamous cell carcinoma carcinogenesis. Recent studies demonstrated activating mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene play a significantly important role in adenocarcinoma carcinogenesis. Activation of PIK3 catalytic alpha gene was recently found in nearly half of squamous cell carcinoma cases. Smoking is associated strongly with alterations of Tp53, K-ras, and PIK3 catalytic alpha, but weakly with EGFR gene mutations. Taken together silencing alterations of both the Rb and Tp53 genes are most likely to be important and early events in the development of SCLC, whereas alterations of the EGFR signaling pathway play significant and important roles in NSCLC carcinogenesis. The biological behavior and phenotype of the respective types of lung cancer would be attributable to these molecular and genetic alterations, but also reflect the difference in the ability of their precursor cells. Identifying the airway stem cell(s) and elucidating the molecular mechanism of its mainte- nance and activation are required.","PeriodicalId":89507,"journal":{"name":"The open pathology journal","volume":"28 1","pages":"106-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77704657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}