Biotechnology advancesPub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-12-12DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2025.108778
Kamila Koppova, Barbora Branska
{"title":"Physiological response of solventogenic clostridia to lignocellulose-derived inhibitors","authors":"Kamila Koppova, Barbora Branska","doi":"10.1016/j.biotechadv.2025.108778","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biotechadv.2025.108778","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lignocellulose represents a sustainable feedstock for the production of platform chemicals, yet its potential is influenced by inhibitory compounds that impair microbial performance. Among microbial producers, solventogenic <em>Clostridium</em> species are particularly promising for bio-based solvent production, notably butanol, but their physiology and productivity are highly sensitive to lignocellulose-derived inhibitors. This review comprehensively summarizes how these inhibitors affect growth, viability, sporulation, membrane integrity, efflux, stress responses, and metabolic pathways, including central metabolism, redox balance, and detoxification, specifically in solventogenic <em>Clostridium</em> species, predominantly <em>Clostridium acetobutylicum</em>, <em>Clostridium beijerinckii, Clostridium saccharobutylicum</em> and <em>Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum</em>. Available studies indicate that cellular responses are complex and depend on both strain and experimental conditions. Knowledge gaps persist regarding the stimulatory effects of certain inhibitors at low concentrations and detoxification pathways involved. To expand information about inhibitor transformation, <em>Clostridium tyrobutyricum</em>, a closely related species, is also included. In addition, strategies for mitigating the negative effects of inhibitors, extending beyond genetic engineering approaches, are discussed. By summarizing the available data, this review aims to support the utilization of solventogenic clostridia as promising producers of solvents and to contribute to their integration into lignocellulose-based industrial biotechnological processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8946,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology advances","volume":"87 ","pages":"Article 108778"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145731097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biotechnology advancesPub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-04DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2026.108796
Zhiwei Pu , Xue Wang , Yihan Chen , Jishan Li , Xinxin He , Weichao Chen , Chao Zhao
{"title":"Application of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system in microalgal metabolic engineering and synthetic strategies of functional food ingredients","authors":"Zhiwei Pu , Xue Wang , Yihan Chen , Jishan Li , Xinxin He , Weichao Chen , Chao Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.biotechadv.2026.108796","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biotechadv.2026.108796","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microalgae are natural and sustainable biological resources rich in high-value nutrients such as lipids, proteins, and functional pigments, which show great potential in the fields of functional foods, dietary supplements, and natural colorants. However, the yields of target components in natural microalgae are often insufficient to meet commercialization demands. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) gene editing system, a revolutionary technology, provides a precise and effective means for targeted improvement of microalgae to enhance their nutritional value and yields. This review first outlines the basic principles of the CRISPR/Cas9 system, including its core components and gene editing mechanism. It then summarizes the application of this technology in microalgae, focusing on successful cases of modifying metabolic pathways to enrich specific nutrients, such as increasing the unsaturated fatty acid content of lipids, increasing the proportion of edible proteins, and enriching natural pigments with antioxidant properties. In addition, this review discusses the main challenges faced when applying this technology to microalgae, including delivery difficulties due to strong cell walls, low efficiency of genetic transformation, and the risk of off-target effects. Finally, the paper describes cutting-edge strategies to address these challenges, such as the development of high-fidelity Cas9 enzymes and the optimization of a single-guide RNA (sgRNA) design. Continued advances in these technologies are propelling microalgae into efficient and sustainable “cell factories”, providing the food industry with more natural, healthy, and high-value functional ingredients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8946,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology advances","volume":"87 ","pages":"Article 108796"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145894426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biotechnology advancesPub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-12-06DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2025.108776
Jiayun Fu , Xiaoqian Tang , Du Wang , Qi Zhang , Jinsheng Duan , Peiwu Li
{"title":"Advancements of immunoassay technology based on nanobodies","authors":"Jiayun Fu , Xiaoqian Tang , Du Wang , Qi Zhang , Jinsheng Duan , Peiwu Li","doi":"10.1016/j.biotechadv.2025.108776","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biotechadv.2025.108776","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanobodies (Nbs), the single-domain antigen-binding fragments, have emerged as promising biorecognition elements for immunoassays due to their small size, high stability, strong affinity, and ease of engineering. This review comprehensively summarizes recent advances in Nb-based immunoassay technologies, highlighting their advantages in immunoassay such as phage-displayed Nbs, Nb-reporter fusions, toxin-free substitutes using anti-idiotypic Nbs, reusable immunoaffinity ligands, bispecific Nbs for multi-target detection, and multivalent Nbs to enhance binding avidity. The review further discusses their applications in food safety, clinical diagnostics, and environmental monitoring, highlighting their impact across these fields. Key challenges such as the limited number of available Nbs, low expression levels, and commercialization bottlenecks are discussed, along with emerging solutions like synthetic libraries and computer-aided design. This review aims to provide insights into the development trends and application potential of Nb-based immunoassays, promoting their future advancement in analytical and diagnostic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8946,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology advances","volume":"87 ","pages":"Article 108776"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145689943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biotechnology advancesPub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2026.108800
Haoqing Zhang , Bo Li , Tianwei Qian , Xiaona Liu , Wenjun Li , Lihong Hao , Fan Li
{"title":"Recent advances in microbial electron transfer-driven bio-reductive immobilization of heavy metals: Mechanisms, enhancement strategies, and perspectives","authors":"Haoqing Zhang , Bo Li , Tianwei Qian , Xiaona Liu , Wenjun Li , Lihong Hao , Fan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.biotechadv.2026.108800","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biotechadv.2026.108800","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The persistence of toxic heavy metals in aquatic and terrestrial environments poses long-term risks to ecosystems and human health. Microbial bio-reductive immobilization driven by Extracellular Electron Transfer (EET) has emerged as a promising and environmentally sustainable remediation strategy. This review synthesizes recent advances in EET-driven bio-reduction of major heavy metals and critically evaluates enhancement strategies designed to overcome intrinsic limitations in electron transfer efficiency. Particular attention is given to engineering-oriented approaches, including conductive minerals and materials, exogenous electron shuttles, electrochemical and photochemical stimulation. Key findings highlight that rational EET enhancement can markedly improve bio-reduction efficiency of heavy metals. Future perspectives are discussed with a focus on green materials, bio-electrochemical system integration, genetic and community-level regulation, and scale-up considerations. Remaining challenges include material sustainability, genetic biosafety concerns, scalability and operational robustness. Overall, this review distills design-oriented insights that bridge EET-driven mechanisms with enhancement strategies toward robust and scalable heavy metal immobilization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8946,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology advances","volume":"87 ","pages":"Article 108800"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145921094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Flavin reductases in two-component systems: Mechanistic insights, structural classification, and biotechnological advances","authors":"Panu Pimviriyakul , Piyanuch Anuwan , Pimchai Chaiyen , Thanyaporn Wongnate","doi":"10.1016/j.biotechadv.2025.108779","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biotechadv.2025.108779","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flavin reductases (FRs) are essential redox enzymes that supply reduced flavin cofactors (FMNH<sup>−</sup>/FADH<sup>−</sup>) to various monooxygenase partners in two-component flavin-dependent monooxygenase (TC-FDMO) systems. These enzymes play critical roles in numerous biological processes and industrial biocatalytic reactions, including hydroxylation, halogenation, and epoxidation. In this review, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the structural features, oligomeric states, kinetic mechanisms, and newly proposed classification strategies of FRs. We highlight the limitations of existing classification systems that rely solely on physiological function and propose a more informative framework based on amino acid sequences and domain architectures. Detailed mechanistic insights from transient kinetics, charge-transfer complex formation, and flavin transfer pathways are discussed, with emphasis on enzyme-specific features such as half-site reactivity and substrate-enhanced catalysis. Advances in protein engineering and fusion protein design aimed at improving FR stability, catalytic performance, and cofactor regeneration are also critically evaluated. In addition, we explore alternative strategies for supplying reduced flavin to monooxygenase partners, including non-enzymatic regeneration methods and the use of nicotinamide analogs. Finally, we outline key challenges and future directions for developing next-generation FRs with enhanced industrial applicability. This knowledge provides a foundation for engineering TC-FDMO systems for scalable, sustainable, and industrially relevant biocatalysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8946,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology advances","volume":"87 ","pages":"Article 108779"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145780161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biotechnology advancesPub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-11-28DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2025.108768
Zhaodong Li , Zihui Gao , Haonan Song , Jialiang He , Wei Xiong
{"title":"Bridging photosynthesis and photovoltaics: Biotechnological pathways for sustainable solar energy","authors":"Zhaodong Li , Zihui Gao , Haonan Song , Jialiang He , Wei Xiong","doi":"10.1016/j.biotechadv.2025.108768","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biotechadv.2025.108768","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Integrating biological systems with artificial optoelectronic materials for efficient solar energy conversion has emerged as a cutting-edge and promising research direction in the pursuit of sustainable energy solutions. Natural photosynthesis, through intricate biological mechanisms, converts solar energy into chemical energy, serving as an inspiration for human innovation; concurrently, photovoltaic technologies utilize semiconductor materials to directly transform solar radiation into electricity. Recent interdisciplinary research efforts have led to the development of bio-abiotic hybrid interfaces, combining the regenerative capabilities of biological systems with the tunable optoelectronic properties of artificial materials, aiming to enhance solar energy conversion efficiency. This review focuses on the latest advancements in artificial photosynthesis, bio-photoelectrochemical systems, and bio-photovoltaic systems, emphasizing their potential to improve solar energy conversion efficiency. We explore the design principles, operational mechanisms, and performance metrics of these hybrid devices, and conduct an in-depth analysis of technical challenges such as interface stability and electron transfer efficiency. Furthermore, we propose future research directions to optimize these systems for practical applications in sustainable energy production. By integrating knowledge from biology, materials science, and energy engineering, we aim to provide new perspectives and strategies for the development of solar energy conversion technologies, advancing toward more efficient and sustainable energy solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8946,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology advances","volume":"87 ","pages":"Article 108768"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145611807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biotechnology advancesPub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-18DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2026.108805
Jiahao Wang , Guangjie Liang , Zixuan Wang , Cong Gao , Guipeng Hu , Liming Liu , Jing Wu
{"title":"Construction and applications of methanol bio-converting cell factories","authors":"Jiahao Wang , Guangjie Liang , Zixuan Wang , Cong Gao , Guipeng Hu , Liming Liu , Jing Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.biotechadv.2026.108805","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biotechadv.2026.108805","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Methanol is a highly promising feedstock for biomanufacturing owing to its broad availability, low cost, and high energy density. Methylotrophic fermentations have been exploited to produce diverse fuels, chemicals, and materials. However, although such processes have been practiced for decades, their applications have been constrained by low methanol assimilation efficiency, insufficient cellular energy and reducing equivalents supply, the cytotoxicity of methanol and its intermediates, and inadequate robustness of chassis strains. In this review, progress is synthesized along four pillars for constructing high-performance methanol bio-converting cell factories: methanol assimilation pathways, energy-supply strategies, tolerance-enhancement approaches, and metabolic engineering for chemical synthesis, with the aim of informing the rational design and construction of efficient methanol bio-converting cell factories.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8946,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology advances","volume":"87 ","pages":"Article 108805"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145995160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biotechnology advancesPub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-18DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2026.108802
Yan Xia , Yi-Xin Huo
{"title":"Controlling gene expression using AI designed Cis-regulatory elements","authors":"Yan Xia , Yi-Xin Huo","doi":"10.1016/j.biotechadv.2026.108802","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biotechadv.2026.108802","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Cis</em>-regulatory elements (CREs) play a crucial role in regulating gene expression by controlling transcription, making the understanding and design of these elements essential for the advancement of biology. Traditional approaches often rely on empirical rules and iterative experimentation, which can be time-consuming and labor-intensive. Recent advances in deep learning have begun to influence this field by improving the accuracy of predictions for existing elements and offering preliminary strategies for designing synthetic CREs. Specialized design models can incorporate high-throughput experimental data, and DNA foundation models draw on pre-trained genomic representations to inform the design process. These approaches have shown encouraging progress in generating promoters, enhancers and more complex regulatory architectures. Nonetheless, substantial challenges remain, including limited data availability, gaps between computational predictions and experimental outcomes, and limited model interpretability. Moreover, although AI-driven methods hold considerable promise for CRE prediction and design, their generative capabilities are still constrained by data quality and by the tendency of current models to rely predominantly on sequence-level features without fully capturing broader regulatory context. In this review, we examine how emerging AI technologies may support more systematic and targeted design of synthetic CREs, and we discuss key challenges and future directions, including multimodal modeling, reinforcement learning (RL), and system-level regulatory network design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8946,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology advances","volume":"87 ","pages":"Article 108802"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145995163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biotechnology advancesPub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-11-29DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2025.108767
Jing Qiu , Amna Bibi , Alvaro R. Lara , Qinhong Wang , Zongjie Dai
{"title":"Biosensors for coenzyme A thioester derivatives: Development, optimization and applications","authors":"Jing Qiu , Amna Bibi , Alvaro R. Lara , Qinhong Wang , Zongjie Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.biotechadv.2025.108767","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biotechadv.2025.108767","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coenzyme A thioester derivatives, particularly acetyl-CoA, malonyl-CoA and fatty acyl-CoA, are essential central metabolites in microorganisms. These compounds play pivotal roles in numerous metabolic pathways and serve as key precursors in the biosynthesis of various high-value compounds, including fatty acids, polyketides, and flavonoids. The spatiotemporal distribution of CoA thioester derivatives is variable and tightly regulated, making real-time monitoring worthwhile. Biosensors have emerged as valuable tools for rapid and immediate detection because of their respond to changes of inducers. This has facilitated the development of efficient metabolic engineering strategies, including dynamic regulation and high-throughput screening. In this context, the review offers a comprehensive overview of the current progress, optimization, applications and limitations of biosensors for acetyl-CoA, malonyl-CoA, fatty acyl-CoA and other CoA thioester derivatives. Based on these limitations, it also outlines prospects for further development and discusses potential biosensor elements for CoA thioester derivatives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8946,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology advances","volume":"87 ","pages":"Article 108767"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145619678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biotechnology advancesPub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2025.108763
Yuki Uno , Yusuke Hayashi , Hirokazu Sugiyama , Jun Okuda , Tetsuji Nakamura , Masahiro Kino-oka
{"title":"Strategies to Enhance Stability of Cryopreservation Processes for Cell-Based Products","authors":"Yuki Uno , Yusuke Hayashi , Hirokazu Sugiyama , Jun Okuda , Tetsuji Nakamura , Masahiro Kino-oka","doi":"10.1016/j.biotechadv.2025.108763","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biotechadv.2025.108763","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The projected expansion of the global market for cell manufacturing, which contributes to regenerative medicine and cell therapies, warrants the designing and development of scalable cryopreservation processes for cell-based products (CBPs) for use in both standard and personalized therapies. However, the change in scale causes variations in process parameters, which affects the stability of the CBP quality. Therefore, the cryopreservation process for CBPs needs to be designed based on the concept of cell manufacturability and consideration of both engineering and biological aspects. In this review, we discussed strategies to enhance the quality stability of CBPs during cryopreservation, focusing primarily on four key processes: dispensing, freezing, storage, and thawing. Additionally, we discussed the application of simulation technologies because they aid in constructing digital twins for the designing and development of the cryopreservation process and facilitate efficiency with limited time and resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8946,"journal":{"name":"Biotechnology advances","volume":"87 ","pages":"Article 108763"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145553879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}