BioMedical Engineering OnLine最新文献

{"title":"Preparation and characterization of human decellularized ovarian scaffold based on supercritical carbon dioxide protocol.","authors":"Fatemeh Hosseinpour, Ali Zeinolabedini Hezave, Tahereh Talaei-Khozani, Mojtaba Rastgou-Maeini, Ashraf Hassanpour-Dehnavi","doi":"10.1186/s12938-025-01392-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12938-025-01392-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Primary ovarian insufficiency affecting 1-3% of women under 40, causes premature menopause and estrogen deficiency. With increasing life expectancy, a large percentage of women also face estrogen-related symptoms. A bioengineered ovary is one of the strategies to replace or enhance ovarian tissue function. A key advancement in bioengineering is the development of ovarian decellularized extracellular matrix scaffolds that mimic natural ovarian niche. Recent studies indicate that supercritical carbon dioxide (scCo₂), with a density comparable to liquids and viscosity and diffusion coefficients properties similar to gases, holds substantial promise for application in engineered scaffolds. Therefore, we established a human decellularized ovarian scaffold based on a scCo₂ process, as an optimized protocol.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We evaluated two distinct pressure conditions (200 and 300 bar), while maintaining identical thermal (40 °C) and temporal (1.5 h) parameters, during the scCO₂ decellularization process. In addition, two modifications were implemented to identify the most optimal protocol for enhancing the decellularization process: the inclusion of 70% ethanol as a co-solvent and the application of 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as a pretreatment for 4 h while utilizing the scCO₂ system under the previously established conditions. Cell removal was confirmed by DNA quantification and H&E staining. Extracellular matrix structure evaluated by histological staining and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) content was quantified using a dimethyl methylene blue assay following extraction with HCL and MTT test was conducted to evaluate scaffold's cytocompatibility.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Application of 1% SDS, while utilizing the scCO₂ system at 200 bar and 40 °C for 1.5 h, established an optimal protocol for preserving the essential characteristics of the ovarian ECM. This protocol is able to meet previously established decellularization criteria and histological staining and SEM showed that the ECM architecture was satisfactorily preserved. GAGs quantification indicated adequate preservation of GAGs content. Finally, MTT test presented the scaffolds had suitable cytocompatibility.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We propose an optimal protocol utilizing 1% SDS as a pretreatment, followed by the scCO₂ system. This protocol addresses common challenges associated with traditional decellularization methods and presents a promising avenue for advancing ovarian tissue engineering applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":8927,"journal":{"name":"BioMedical Engineering OnLine","volume":"24 1","pages":"59"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12070545/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143957740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep learning based on ultrasound images to predict platinum resistance in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer.","authors":"Chang Su, Kuo Miao, Liwei Zhang, Xiaoqiu Dong","doi":"10.1186/s12938-025-01391-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12938-025-01391-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The study aimed at developing and validating a deep learning (DL) model based on the ultrasound imaging for predicting the platinum resistance of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>392 patients were enrolled in this retrospective study who had been diagnosed with EOC between 2014 and 2020 and underwent pelvic ultrasound before initial treatment. A DL model was developed to predict patients' platinum resistance, and the model underwent evaluation through receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves, decision curve analysis (DCA), and calibration curve.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ROC curves showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of the DL model for predicting patients' platinum resistance in the internal and external test sets were 0.86 (95% CI 0.83-0.90) and 0.86 (95% CI 0.84-0.89), respectively. The model demonstrated high clinical value through clinical decision curve analysis and exhibited good calibration efficiency in the training cohort. Kaplan-Meier analyses showed that the model's optimal cutoff value successfully distinguished between patients at high and low risk of recurrence, with hazard ratios of 3.1 (95% CI 2.3-4.1, P < 0.0001) and 2.9 (95% CI 2.3-3.9; P < 0.0001) in the high-risk group of the internal and external test sets, serving as a prognostic indicator.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The DL model based on ultrasound imaging can predict platinum resistance in patients with EOC and may support clinicians in making the most appropriate treatment decisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8927,"journal":{"name":"BioMedical Engineering OnLine","volume":"24 1","pages":"58"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12070594/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143976981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the correlation between smoking and blood pressure via photoplethysmography.","authors":"Q Qananwah, H Quran, A Dagamseh, V Blazek, S Leonhardt","doi":"10.1186/s12938-025-01373-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12938-025-01373-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Smoking has been widely identified for its detrimental effects on human health, particularly on the cardiovascular health. The prediction of these effects can be anticipated by monitoring the dynamic changes in vital signs and other physiological signals or parameters such as heart rate, blood pressure (BP), Electrocardiogram (ECG), and Photoplethysmogram (PPG), which subtly encode smoking-related effects. We investigated the influence of different smoking habits-normal cigarettes (NC), electronic cigarettes (EC), and shisha (SH)-on BP through analysis of ECG and PPG signals. The measurements of these physiological signals were taken across three distinct smoking phases: \"before\", \"during\", and \"after\" smoking. The study assessed changes in heart rate, as well as morphological and statistical characteristics of ECG and PPG signals, induced by smoking. A machine learning (ML) model was developed to predict BP values with different smoking habits and smoking phases, while also evaluating the temporal effects of smoking phases. Results show that smoking markedly alters PPG features in such it significantly affects systolic time, heart rate, peak pulse interval variability, and augmentation index. BP variations were evident across all smoking habits and phases. The ML model demonstrated strong accuracy in estimating systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) during and post-smoking, with a mean error of 0.01 ± 0.29 mmHg and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.2924 mmHg for DBP and RMSE of 0.0082 mmHg for SBP. Such a study underscores the pronounced effect of smoking on BP and its potential role in cardiovascular system alterations, offering insights into the development of related diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":8927,"journal":{"name":"BioMedical Engineering OnLine","volume":"24 1","pages":"57"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12070705/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143960628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SS-OCT-based ocular biometric characteristics of patients with nuclear cataract.","authors":"Zhao Xu, Ke Yin, Liming Wang, Lijie Dong, Jing Sun, Aihua Liu","doi":"10.1186/s12938-025-01386-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12938-025-01386-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This observational, prospective, analytical, and cross-sectional study was designed to systematically analyze ocular biometric parameters in patients with nuclear cataract exhibiting nuclear hardness grade ≥ 3 according to the Emery-Little classification under slit-lamp examination who scheduled for phacoemulsification. Ocular biometric measurements were acquired using the IOL Master 700, a swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) device.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Age was negatively correlated with axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), white-to-white (WTW), and pupil diameter (PD) (r_AL = - 0.13, r_ACD = - 0.26, r_WTW = - 0.18, all P < 0.001; r_PD = - 0.09, P < 0.01) but positively correlated with total steep keratometry (TKs) (r_TKs = 0.13, P < 0.001). AL was negatively correlated with total flat keratometry (TKf), TKs, and WTW (r_TKf = - 0.3, r_TKs = - 0.27, r_WTW = - 0.18, all P < 0.001) but positively correlated with ACD and PD (r_ACD = 0.43, r_PD = 0.10, all P < 0.001). Men had smaller TK and PD but larger WTW than women.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings highlight significant sex-related differences in biometric parameters among patients with nuclear cataract, which are closely related to AL and age. Considering variation with these parameters helps personalize surgical plans and prevent complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":8927,"journal":{"name":"BioMedical Engineering OnLine","volume":"24 1","pages":"56"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12065238/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143958578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliability analysis of hospital infusion pumps: a case study.","authors":"Mayla Dos S Silva, Maria Alzira de A Nunes, Suélia de Siqueira R F Rosa, Antônio Piratelli-Filho","doi":"10.1186/s12938-025-01389-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12938-025-01389-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Infusion pumps (IPs) are medical devices used for the continuous and precise delivery of medications or nutrients. Their use has expanded and is now widespread in emergency rooms, ICUs, pediatrics, and other hospital departments. Failures in IPs can lead to adverse events, compromising patient health. In addition to the risks to patients, IPs are the medical devices most frequently associated with reports of adverse events in Brazil, highlighting the need to monitor their operational conditions to minimize failures during use.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thus, the objective of this research is to analyze the reliability of infusion pumps (IPs) in a Brazilian hospital using an internal database from Clinical Engineering software. Probability distributions for repair time and time between failures were modeled, and parameters such as reliability and availability were calculated, with a focus on investigating hospital departments with recurring failures.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In evaluating the operating equipment, a lack of detail in failure notes and service order openings was observed, which can hinder maintenance planning. The longest repair times were recorded in the ICU (Neurology), which houses the majority of IPs. Graphical analysis and testing demonstrated that the Weibull distribution effectively models both time between failures and repair time. The IP A model showed better results in terms of availability and reliability, thereby improving the security of the IPs.</p>","PeriodicalId":8927,"journal":{"name":"BioMedical Engineering OnLine","volume":"24 1","pages":"55"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12060531/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143959187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modification of the toronto rehabilitation institute-hand function test for integration into robot-assisted therapy: technical validation and usability.","authors":"Aisha Raji, Stephanie DiNunzio, Andrew Whitmell, Cesar Marquez-Chin, Milos R Popovic","doi":"10.1186/s12938-025-01384-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12938-025-01384-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Effective rehabilitation of the upper extremity function is vital for individuals recovering from stroke or cervical spinal cord injury, as it can enable them to regain independence in daily tasks. While robotic therapy provides precise and consistent motor training, it often lacks the integration of real-world objects that stimulate sensorimotor experiences. The Toronto Rehabilitation Institute-Hand Function Test (TRI-HFT) utilizes 19 everyday items to assess hand function. This study aims to modify the 3D-printed TRI-HFT objects to ensure their compatibility with robotic manipulation, thereby enhancing the functional relevance of robot-assisted rehabilitation, and to evaluate the usability of the new robotic system to ensure its safety and technical performance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We successfully redesigned the 3D-TRI-HFT objects to enable manipulation by a robotic arm equipped with a gripper. The modified 3D-printed objects closely matched the original specifications, with most weight and size deviations within acceptable limits. Performance tests demonstrated reliable robotic manipulation, achieving a 100% success rate in 50 pick-and-place trials for each object without any breakage or slippage. Usability assessments further supported the system's performance, indicating that participants found the system engaging, useful, and comfortable.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The modified 3D-printed TRI-HFT objects allow seamless integration into robotic therapy, facilitating the use of real-world objects in rehabilitation exercises. These modifications enhance functional engagement without compromising user interaction with the objects, demonstrating the feasibility of combining traditional rehabilitation tools with robotic systems, potentially leading to improved outcomes in upper extremity rehabilitation. Future research may focus on adapting these designs for compatibility with a broader range of robotic equipment, reducing the cost of the objects as 3D printing technology advances, and evaluating the system's performance among individuals with stroke and SCI.</p>","PeriodicalId":8927,"journal":{"name":"BioMedical Engineering OnLine","volume":"24 1","pages":"54"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12060526/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143962979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Keypoint localization and parameter measurement in ultrasound biomicroscopy anterior segment images based on deep learning.","authors":"Miao Qinghao, Zhou Sheng, Yang Jun, Wang Xiaochun, Zhang Min","doi":"10.1186/s12938-025-01388-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12938-025-01388-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Accurate measurement of anterior segment parameters is crucial for diagnosing and managing ophthalmic conditions, such as glaucoma, cataracts, and refractive errors. However, traditional clinical measurement methods are often time-consuming, labor-intensive, and susceptible to inaccuracies. With the growing potential of artificial intelligence in ophthalmic diagnostics, this study aims to develop and evaluate a deep learning model capable of automatically extracting key points and precisely measuring multiple clinically significant anterior segment parameters from ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) images. These parameters include central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), pupil diameter (PD), angle-to-angle distance (ATA), sulcus-to-sulcus distance (STS), lens thickness (LT), and crystalline lens rise (CLR).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A data set of 716 UBM anterior segment images was collected from Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital. YOLOv8 was utilized to segment four key anatomical structures: cornea-sclera, anterior chamber, pupil, and iris-ciliary body-thereby enhancing the accuracy of keypoint localization. Only images with intact posterior capsule lentis were selected to create an effective data set for parameter measurement. Ten keypoints were localized across the data set, allowing the calculation of seven essential parameters. Control experiments were conducted to evaluate the impact of segmentation on measurement accuracy, with model predictions compared against clinical gold standards.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The segmentation model achieved a mean IoU of 0.8836 and mPA of 0.9795. Following segmentation, the binary classification model attained an mAP of 0.9719, with a precision of 0.9260 and a recall of 0.9615. Keypoint localization exhibited a Euclidean distance error of 58.73 ± 63.04 μm, improving from the pre-segmentation error of 71.57 ± 67.36 μm. Localization mAP was 0.9826, with a precision of 0.9699, a recall of 0.9642 and an FPS of 32.64. In addition, parameter error analysis and Bland-Altman plots demonstrated improved agreement with clinical gold standards after segmentation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This deep learning approach for UBM image segmentation, keypoint localization, and parameter measurement is feasible, enhancing clinical diagnostic efficiency for anterior segment parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":8927,"journal":{"name":"BioMedical Engineering OnLine","volume":"24 1","pages":"53"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12056989/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143973810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From gaps to guidelines: a process for providing guidance to bridge evidence gaps.","authors":"Olga Yaroslavtseva, Judith Gargaro, Eleni M Patsakos, Aishwarya Nair, Robert Teasell, Mark T Bayley","doi":"10.1186/s12938-025-01385-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12938-025-01385-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite the proliferation of clinical research that can be used to inform Clinical Practice Guidelines there remain many areas where the number and quality of research studies vary widely. Using the Canadian Clinical Practice Guideline for Moderate-to-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury (MOD-SEV TBI) as an example, there is a lack of robust research evidence, derived from randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews to inform the recommendations. Randomized controlled trials in this field often have limitations, such as smaller sample sizes and gender and racial disparities in enrollment, that reduce the level of evidence they can provide. Notably, evidence is often lacking in the priority areas identified by people with lived experience (PWLE) and guideline end-users.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Canadian Clinical Practice Guideline for MOD-SEV TBI rehabilitation is a Living Guideline that implemented a robust and replicable process to mitigate these issues. This process includes: 1. Identification of Priorities by PWLE of MOD-SEV TBI and Guideline End-Users; 2. Involvement of Diverse Multidisciplinary Expert Panels, Including PWLE; 3. Compilation, Review and Evaluation of Published MOD-SEV TBI Evidence; 4. Identification of Gaps in the Published Literature; 5. Formulation of Recommendations, Rigorous Grading of Available Evidence and Formal Voting; 6. Creation of Knowledge Translation and Mobilization Tools and 7. Publication of the Updated Living Guideline.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Since 2014-15, the Canadian TBI Living Guideline has implemented and refined this process to produce high-quality expert consensus-based recommendations and knowledge translation and mobilization tools across 21 comprehensive domains of TBI rehabilitation. There are 351 recommendations in the current version of the Canadian TBI Living Guideline; 68% of these are primarily consensus-based recommendations. Developing a comprehensive guideline in areas where research may not be present or strong ensures that the Guideline is comprehensive and addresses the priority needs of clinicians and PWLE.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The use of robust, transparent, and replicable evidence reviews and expert consensus building process produces clinical guidelines that are relevant and applicable even when empirical data are lacking or absent. This process of developing consensus-based recommendations can be used to develop guidelines in other content areas and populations facing similar challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":8927,"journal":{"name":"BioMedical Engineering OnLine","volume":"24 1","pages":"52"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12049030/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143969048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Industrial-grade collaborative robots for motor rehabilitation after stroke and spinal cord injury: a systematic narrative review.","authors":"Aisha Raji, Urvashy Gopaul, Jessica Babineau, Milos R Popovic, Cesar Marquez-Chin","doi":"10.1186/s12938-025-01362-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12938-025-01362-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is a growing interest in exploring industrial-grade collaborative robots (cobots) for rehabilitation. This review explores their application for motor rehabilitation of the upper and lower extremities after a stroke and spinal cord injury (SCI). The article highlights the inherent safety features of cobots, emphasizing their design advantages over custom-built or traditional rehabilitation robots in terms of potential safety and time efficiency.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Database searches and reference list screening were conducted to identify studies relating to the use of cobots for upper and lower extremity rehabilitation among individuals with stroke and SCI. These articles were then reviewed and summarized.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-three studies were included in this review. The findings suggest that the use of cobots in motor rehabilitation is still in the early stages. Some of the cobots used were equipped with sensors to detect and respond to the movement of the extremities and minimize the risk of injury. This safety aspect is crucial for patients with motor impairments. Most training protocols implemented with the cobots engaged users in repetitive task-based exercises with an overall positive user experience. Thus far, these devices have been primarily evaluated in individuals with stroke and SCI that affect the lower extremities, with no study addressing upper extremity impairments. This initial focus serves as a preliminary step toward assessing their applicability for individuals with stroke and SCI.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Cobots may have the capacity to transform therapy and support healthcare professionals in delivering more personalized and effective rehabilitation. However, there is limited evidence on their use to support upper and lower extremity rehabilitation among individuals with stroke and SCI. Further research and development are needed to refine these technologies and broaden their applications in rehabilitation settings to enhance functional recovery and overall quality of life for individuals with stroke and SCI.</p>","PeriodicalId":8927,"journal":{"name":"BioMedical Engineering OnLine","volume":"24 1","pages":"50"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12042587/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143961794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in 3D-printed scaffold technologies for bone defect repair: materials, biomechanics, and clinical prospects.","authors":"Jie Sun, Cao Chen, Bo Zhang, Chen Yao, Yafeng Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12938-025-01381-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12938-025-01381-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The treatment of large bone defects remains a significant clinical challenge due to the limitations of current grafting techniques, including donor site morbidity, restricted availability, and suboptimal integration. Recent advances in 3D bioprinting technology have enabled the fabrication of structurally and functionally optimized scaffolds that closely mimic native bone tissue architecture. This review comprehensively examines the latest developments in 3D-printed scaffolds for bone regeneration, focusing on three critical aspects: (1) material selection and composite design encompassing metallic; (2) structural optimization with hierarchical porosity (macro/micro/nano-scale) and biomechanical properties tailored; (3) biological functionalization through growth factor delivery, cell seeding strategies and surface modifications. We critically analyze scaffold performance metrics from different research applications, while discussing current translational barriers, including vascular network establishment, mechanical stability under load-bearing conditions, and manufacturing scalability. The review concludes with a forward-looking perspective on innovative approaches such as 4D dynamic scaffolds, smart biomaterials with stimuli-responsive properties, and the integration of artificial intelligence for patient-specific design optimization. These technological advancements collectively offer unprecedented opportunities to address unmet clinical needs in complex bone reconstruction.</p>","PeriodicalId":8927,"journal":{"name":"BioMedical Engineering OnLine","volume":"24 1","pages":"51"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12042599/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143964189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}