BioMedical Engineering OnLine最新文献

{"title":"System-level design trade-offs in magnetic hyperthermia RF instrumentation: a power electronics and electromagnetic design review.","authors":"Serhat Ilgaz Yöner, Alpay Özcan","doi":"10.1186/s12938-026-01633-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12938-026-01633-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Magnetic hyperthermia (MH) is a promising localized cancer therapy based on magnetic nanoparticle (MNP)-mediated heating. Although research has extensively focused on MNP development, therapeutic efficacy and safety also depend critically on the engineering of the induction system. This review aims to provide an engineering-focused analysis of contemporary MH instrumentation and its design trade-offs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The instrumentation architecture is examined through a dual-domain evaluation of the power electronic and electromagnetic design chain. RF generator architectures are analyzed across the DC supply, oscillator, amplifier, and impedance matching stages. RF coil designs are evaluated according to geometry, inductance, and cooling strategies. An ordinal scoring framework is used to compare representative implementations and assess the influence of architectural choices on energy delivery and thermal stability, providing a structured basis for relative comparison rather than a definitive performance ranking.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis demonstrates that MNP performance is fundamentally constrained by the magnetic field generated by the complete instrumentation chain. Power-stage stability, impedance matching, coil characteristics, cooling, and spatial field homogeneity collectively determine the achievable operating conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Reliable MH requires system-level optimization rather than isolated MNP development. By clarifying key hardware trade-offs and their effects on field generation, this review supports the design of more standardized and reproducible MH induction systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":8927,"journal":{"name":"BioMedical Engineering OnLine","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13644266/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149126678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exosomes improved oxidative stress and apoptosis in BPA-induced nephrotoxicity in kidney cells through modulation of Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway.","authors":"Shokouh Shayanpour, Maryam Radan, Zahra Mansouri, Mohammad Ali Khaksar, Parisa Rashidi, Fereshteh Nejaddehbashi, Khojasteh Hoseinynejad","doi":"10.1186/s12938-026-01605-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12938-026-01605-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bisphenol A (BPA) is an environmental toxicant known to induce nephrotoxicity primarily through oxidative stress-mediated inflammation and apoptosis. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes have recently emerged as promising cell-free therapeutic agents with antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell-derived exosomes against BPA-induced nephrotoxicity in human proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells, with particular emphasis on the potential involvement of the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>HK-2 cells were allocated into four groups: control, BPA, exosome (EXO), and BPA + EXO. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, antioxidant parameters, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glutathione (GSH) levels, and inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-10) were evaluated using standard biochemical assays. Protein expression levels of Nrf2, Keap1, Bax, and Bcl-2 were determined by Western blot analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>BPA exposure significantly reduced cell viability and antioxidant capacity while increasing ROS production, lipid peroxidation, pro-inflammatory cytokine release, and apoptotic signaling. Exosome treatment markedly attenuated oxidative stress, restored antioxidant defenses, improved inflammatory cytokine balance, and reversed BPA-induced alterations in Nrf2/Keap1 signaling and apoptosis-related protein expression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell-derived exosomes exert protective effects against BPA-induced cytotoxicity in HK-2 cells by alleviating oxidative stress, modulating the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway, and suppressing apoptosis. Although further mechanistic studies are required to establish causality, these findings highlight the therapeutic potential of exosomes as a cell-free strategy for mitigating environmental toxin-associated renal injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":8927,"journal":{"name":"BioMedical Engineering OnLine","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13741677/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149340604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formulation and characterization of ginsenoside Rh2-loaded casein nanoparticles for enhanced radioprotection.","authors":"Hadi Zare-Zardini, Reza Nafisi-Moghadam, Mojgan Karimi-Zarchi, Hossein Soltaninejad, Elham Saberian, Andrej Jenča, Janka Jenčová, Andrej Jenča, Adriána Petrášová, Tahreh Fallah, Fatemeh Ghanizadeh, Maryam Vajihinejad, Shokouh Taghipour Zahir","doi":"10.1186/s12938-026-01612-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12938-026-01612-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ionizing radiation poses a significant threat to human health and necessitates the development of effective radioprotective agents. In this study, the radioprotective efficacy of ginsenoside Rh2-loaded casein nanoparticles (Rh2-CNPs) was synthesized and evaluated. The Rh2-CNPs were prepared using a modified co-precipitation method. Physicochemical characterization revealed nanoparticles with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 180 ± 15 nm, a zeta potential of -28 ± 2 mV, an encapsulation efficiency of 75.3 ± 8.5%, and a loading capacity of 23.4 ± 5.9%, indicating successful drug incorporation and good initial dispersion properties. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed a spherical morphology and smooth surfaces. FTIR analysis showed successful encapsulation by hydrogen bonding. In vitro release studies showed a sustained-release profile with 72% drug release after 24 h. In vivo, 32 male BALB/c mice were divided into four groups: Control (C), Radiation (R), Free Ginsenoside Rh2(FG) and Nano-Ginsenoside Rh2 (NG). Mice in the FG and NG groups received 150 mg Rh2/kg/day and 75 mg Rh2-equivalent/kg/day, respectively, for 21 days prior to 5 Gy whole-body γ-radiation exposure. Biochemical analyses were performed 24 h after irradiation. Radiation significantly induced oxidative stress and inflammation, as reflected by decreased SOD and GSH-Px activities in the spleen, increased MDA levels, increased proinflammatory cytokines in serum (TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ) and decreased immunoregulatory cytokines in the spleen (IL-2, IL-10). Pretreatment with ginsenoside, especially with the NG formulation, effectively mitigated these adverse effects. PCA and hierarchical clustering clearly separated the experimental groups. These results suggest that Rh2-CNPs exhibit radioprotective effects in this acute model.</p>","PeriodicalId":8927,"journal":{"name":"BioMedical Engineering OnLine","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13737809/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149332261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational analysis of a high-density electrode to scale the electric field geometry and intensity for neurostimulation.","authors":"Kegan Mancabelli, Albert H Titus, Filip Stefanovic","doi":"10.1186/s12938-026-01610-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12938-026-01610-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High-density grid electrodes can be configured to spatially scale the neurostimulation fields and enable the control of depth, intensity, and stimulation vectoring. In this study, we computationally analyze a high-density cluster electrode (HDCE) technology to measure its scalability and its effects on human tissue. The models are developed in Ansys using the Maxwell 3D Design modeler. More than 24 HDCE electrode configurations were analyzed and compared to standard 8 mm Ag/AgCl electrodes. It was found that the HDCE electrode configurations can be selected to emulate the electric field properties to within 1% of a standard 8 mm Ag/AgCl electrode. Moreover, increasing the number of active electrode contacts in the HDCE non-linearly increases tissue voltage and field intensity at various tissue depths. Specifically, it was found that the sensitivity of tissue voltage and field intensity decreases with the number of active HDCE electrode contacts. Similarly, the different spatial configurations of the HDCE can change the field shape by up to 54%, while the field intensity can be scaled by up to 186%. Similarly, the vector of the stimulation field (i.e., stimulation vector) through the tissues can be adjusted by shifting active electrode positions. When comparing these electrodes to standard 8 mm Ag/AgCl electrodes the results suggest a transformative impact of these technologies to optimize neurostimulation applications. The work presented here is part of a larger project aiming to develop next-generation scalable neurostimulation system that improve rehabilitation outcomes, and provide new adaptive solutions for personalized healthcare.</p>","PeriodicalId":8927,"journal":{"name":"BioMedical Engineering OnLine","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13721591/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149294213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A stratified cell sheet platform coordinating dual osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation for osteochondral tissue engineering.","authors":"Fatemeh Leisi Mehrabani, Samaneh Hosseini, Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad","doi":"10.1186/s12938-026-01609-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12938-026-01609-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stem cell sheets have unique cell-to-cell connections, the ability to enhance and preserve the extracellular matrix (ECM) and cell-ECM interactions, and a scaffold-free nature, which makes them ideal for regenerative medicine. This study aims to explore the potential of stem cell sheets for osteochondral construct fabrication. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were isolated from rat bone marrow and differentiated into osteogenic and chondrogenic sheets. These differentiated cell sheets were subsequently stacked using a collagen and hyaluronic acid hydrogel between the layers to create multilayered constructs. Histological analysis demonstrated notable tissue formation of a multilayered structure with distinct osteogenic and chondrogenic layers both with and without the hydrogel constructs. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the integrity and content of the sheets. qRT-PCR and immunocytochemistry analysis demonstrated the presence of key related bone and cartilage markers within the differentiated sheets. In conclusion, our data emphasize that stem cell sheet engineering (CSE) holds significant promise for developing 3D, scaffold-free constructs for osteochondral regeneration. The ability to create relatively distinct osteogenic and chondrogenic layers in constructs has an extreme impact on the field of regenerative medicine, leading to a new therapeutic approach and hope for the future of osteochondral defects treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":8927,"journal":{"name":"BioMedical Engineering OnLine","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13717996/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149294216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contractile function and insulin sensitivity are inversely regulated by insulin in primary myoblast human skeletal muscle microtissues.","authors":"Yekaterina Tiper, Jiaru Ni, Lucy Xinyu Ma, Cassidy T Tinline-Goodfellow, Paul Babits, Roman Krawetz, Daniel R Moore, Penney M Gilbert","doi":"10.1186/s12938-026-01603-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12938-026-01603-9","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Insulin resistance in skeletal muscle is a hallmark of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Three-dimensional skeletal muscle microtissues (hMMTs) offer advantages over two-dimensional myotube cultures, including enhanced physiological relevance and amenability to repeated contractile stimulation. However, standard hMMT differentiation protocols rely on supraphysiological insulin concentrations. This creates a fundamental conundrum, since the very conditions required to generate functional hMMTs are expected to render them insulin-unresponsive, limiting their utility for modeling T2D. Whether hMMTs can be differentiated under more physiological conditions while maintaining myotube formation, contractile strength, and glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) expression and function, and whether insulin responsiveness can be restored post-differentiation, remains unknown.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We systematically evaluated the effects of nutrient and insulin conditions on myotube morphometry, contractile function, and glucose transporter profiles (GLUT4, GLUT1, insulin receptor β) in human primary myoblast-derived 2D myotubes and hMMTs. We tested whether reducing insulin or glucose to physiological levels during differentiation impacted hMMT contractility. We then evaluated an insulin re-sensitization protocol involving insulin withdrawal to restore insulin responsiveness and assessed its impact on contractile function, glucose uptake, and AKT signaling.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Insulin supplementation during differentiation was essential for myonuclear accretion in 2D cultures and for contractile hMMT formation, with supraphysiological insulin (≥ 0.86 µM) levels required for maximal hMMT strength. Physiological glucose levels were sufficient to support myotube formation in 2D and 3D settings and even enhanced hMMT contractile force as compared to standard supraphysiological glucose formulations. hMMTs exhibited ~ 12-fold higher GLUT4 levels and a ~ 40-fold increase in GLUT4:GLUT1 ratio compared to 2D myotubes (p &lt; 0.0001 and p = 0.044, respectively), approaching but not matching native adult human muscle. hMMTs differentiated in supraphysiological insulin appeared to display blunted insulin responsiveness. A 4-day insulin withdrawal period was associated with a partial restoration of insulin sensitivity, increasing insulin-stimulated glucose uptake ~ 1.5-fold and activating AKT signaling (N = 2). However, re-sensitization significantly compromised hMMT contractile strength (p &lt; 0.0001) and fatigue resistance (p = 0.015).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;We demonstrate that hMMTs derived from a 19-year-old female primary myoblast cell line require supraphysiological insulin during differentiation to achieve optimal contractile function and physiologically relevant GLUT4:GLUT1 ratios, but this renders them insulin-resistant. Although insulin withdrawal may partially restore insulin responsiveness, it impairs con","PeriodicalId":8927,"journal":{"name":"BioMedical Engineering OnLine","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13692894/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149242707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AI-integrated nanomaterial-based biosensors for biomedical diagnostics: engineering design, signal processing, and clinical translation.","authors":"Chandrashekar Thalluri, Sarad Pawar Naik Bukke, Jharna Medhi, Mallikarjun Vasam, Ananda Kumar Chettupalli, Neha Gupta, Koushik Narayan Sarma, Milon Selvam Dennison, Bukke Pasunath Naik","doi":"10.1186/s12938-026-01608-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12938-026-01608-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nanobiosensor platforms based on nanomaterials have the potential to change the future of biomedical diagnostics with highly sensitive detection as well as quick responses and various functionalities. This review article will systematically outline the design principles, signal transduction mechanisms, and the biomedical use of nanobiosensors with a strong focus on including AI and wearable technologies to achieve these benefits. Examples of nanomaterials (organic and inorganic, as well as hybrid), including metallic nanoparticles, graphene derivatives, quantum dots, and polymer nanocomposites, allow nanobiosensors to provide increased biosensor performance using mechanisms such as electrochemical transduction, surface plasmon resonance, Förster resonance energy transfer, and surface enhanced Raman scattering. These mechanisms make it possible to detect biomarkers with incredible sensitivity for many different types of diseases, such as all types of infection, cancer, and metabolic disorders. Furthermore, when nanobiosensors are combined with AI and IoT applications, they provide a means of processing data in real time, utilizing predictive analytics and monitoring health based on individualized care. While significant progress has been made over the past decade, barriers to translation remain, including scaling up manufacturing capacity, achieving consistent, reproducible results, validating effectiveness in clinical settings, and obtaining FDA approval for use. This review article will compare various types of biosensing platforms and their respective strengths and limitations; discuss the current challenges faced in developing these platforms; and define future areas of focus for research.</p>","PeriodicalId":8927,"journal":{"name":"BioMedical Engineering OnLine","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13688831/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149236776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic field exposure and liver disease: from current research to future directions.","authors":"Jie Shen, Yajie Li, Long Liu, Xuan Han, Yi Lv","doi":"10.1186/s12938-026-01607-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12938-026-01607-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As both an environmental factor and a therapeutic modality, magnetic field (MF) exposure exerts a significant regulatory effect on liver physiology and pathology. This review systematically synthesizes the current body of evidence regarding the modulatory roles of MFs in liver diseases (LDs) and elaborates on the underlying potential mechanisms. Initially, the biological basis of the interaction between MFs and hepatic tissue is delineated. Subsequently, preclinical evidence is consolidated, which demonstrates that MFs with specific parameter settings exhibit protective or therapeutic potential in experimental models of acute liver injury (ALI), metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), hepatic fibrosis (HF), and hepatocellular carcinoma. Accumulating evidence indicates that MFs predominantly exert their regulatory effects by modulating interconnected biological pathways, including iron metabolism, oxidative stress, gut microbiota, as well as cellular autophagy and apoptosis. Collectively, these mechanisms constitute a complex regulatory network that underpins the hepatoprotective effects and potential therapeutic efficacy of MFs. Finally, future perspectives are proposed. While existing evidence remains predominantly preclinical, future research must prioritize the standardization of MF parameters, the further elucidation of underlying mechanisms, and the acceleration of clinical translation. These efforts are essential to definitively establish the therapeutic potential of MFs in the prevention and management of LDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":8927,"journal":{"name":"BioMedical Engineering OnLine","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13688727/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149242808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond a diagnostic modality: the pivotal role of ultrasound biomicroscopy in ophthalmic care pathways.","authors":"Yuelin Li, Bo Zhang, Jiale Liu, Wenwen Yu, Ting Chen, Jingyi Wu, Yuchan Huang, Pingsheng Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12938-026-01606-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12938-026-01606-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) is a high-frequency ultrasound imaging system (50-100 MHz) that serves as a typical biomedical device and instrumentation tool, enabling high-resolution, real-time, in vivo imaging of anterior segment structures. It provides visualization of the cornea, iris, lens and zonules, ciliary body, and angle structures, as well as quantitative measurements. This review examines UBM's technical principles, clinical applications, and recent technological innovations, with a focus on its value in biomedical imaging and image processing. Key applications in glaucoma, corneal diseases, ocular trauma, anterior segment tumors, and lens-related disorders are systematically summarized. Emerging advances, including three-dimensional reconstruction and artificial intelligence-assisted analysis, are also incorporated. UBM holds significant value in anterior segment imaging. Its integration with engineering innovations-such as advanced signal processing and artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms-offers biomedical engineers and clinicians a practical reference for utilizing this technology in precision ophthalmology.</p>","PeriodicalId":8927,"journal":{"name":"BioMedical Engineering OnLine","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13689183/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149236790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Classification of gestational diabetes mellitus placental histopathological images based on MONAI and improved GAMatrix-YOLOv8.","authors":"Zhifa Jiang, Weirui Wu, Jingwen Liu, Xiekun Chen, Ruoping Lin, Xiangyun Ye, Donghui Huang, Zhen Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12938-026-01602-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12938-026-01602-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) poses a significant threat to maternal and fetal health, and placental pathology is crucial for assessing disease severity. Traditional diagnosis relies on clinicians' visual assessment, which is often inefficient and subjective.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To address these issues, we developed a MONAI-based image augmentation strategy and integrated the GAMatrix attention module within the YOLOv8 framework. Our study used a dataset of 5,065 placental pathology images (80% for training and 20% for validation) covering five pathology categories, supplemented by an external validation set of 500 images. A MONAI-based image augmentation pipeline was used to increase training-image diversity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four model configurations were compared: YOLOv8 trained on the original dataset, YOLOv8 trained with MONAI-based augmentation, GAMatrix-YOLOv8 trained on the original dataset, and GAMatrix-YOLOv8 trained with MONAI-based augmentation. In the original comparative analysis, YOLOv8 trained on the original dataset achieved a macro-F1 score of 95.56% (95% CI, 94.86%-96.26%) in internal validation. The GAMatrix-YOLOv8 model trained with MONAI-based augmentation showed the strongest overall performance among the evaluated configurations, while external image-level evaluation indicated persistent class-specific errors, particularly for thrombotic vascular lesion and chorangiosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that attention-enhanced YOLOv8 combined with MONAI-based augmentation may support placental histopathological image classification, but the results should be interpreted as image-level findings and require patient-level, multicenter, and prospective validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8927,"journal":{"name":"BioMedical Engineering OnLine","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13689368/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149242696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}