International journal of molecular imaging最新文献

{"title":"Molecular Imaging is the Key Driver for Clinical Cancer Diagnosis in the Next Century","authors":"G. Baio","doi":"10.4172/2155-9937.1000E102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9937.1000E102","url":null,"abstract":"Copyright: © 2013 Baio G. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. RCCS–Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino–IST National Cancer Institute, Diagnostic Imaging and Senology Unit, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, Genova, 16132, Italy.","PeriodicalId":89157,"journal":{"name":"International journal of molecular imaging","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87878068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Region-Based Partial Volume Correction Techniques for PET Imaging: Sinogram Implementation and Robustness.","authors":"Mike Sattarivand,&nbsp;Jennifer Armstrong,&nbsp;Gregory M Szilagyi,&nbsp;Maggie Kusano,&nbsp;Ian Poon,&nbsp;Curtis Caldwell","doi":"10.1155/2013/435959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/435959","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background/Purpose. Limited spatial resolution of positron emission tomography (PET) requires partial volume correction (PVC). Region-based PVC methods are based on geometric transfer matrix implemented either in image-space (GTM) or sinogram-space (GTMo), both with similar performance. Although GTMo is slower, it more closely simulates the 3D PET image acquisition, accounts for local variations of point spread function, and can be implemented for iterative reconstructions. A recent image-based symmetric GTM (sGTM) has shown improvement in noise characteristics and robustness to misregistration over GTM. This study implements the sGTM method in sinogram space (sGTMo), validates it, and evaluates its performance. Methods. Two 3D sphere and brain digital phantoms and a physical sphere phantom were used. All four region-based PVC methods (GTM, GTMo, sGTM, and sGTMo) were implemented and their performance was evaluated. Results. All four PVC methods had similar accuracies. Both noise propagation and robustness of the sGTMo method were similar to those of sGTM method while they were better than those of GTMo method especially for smaller objects. Conclusion. The sGTMo was implemented and validated. The performance of the sGTMo in terms of noise characteristics and robustness to misregistration is similar to that of the sGTM method and improved compared to the GTMo method. </p>","PeriodicalId":89157,"journal":{"name":"International journal of molecular imaging","volume":"2013 ","pages":"435959"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/435959","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32055536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of five parathyroid scintigraphic protocols.","authors":"Virpi Tunninen,&nbsp;Pekka Varjo,&nbsp;Jukka Schildt,&nbsp;Aapo Ahonen,&nbsp;Tomi Kauppinen,&nbsp;Irina Lisinen,&nbsp;Anu Holm,&nbsp;Hannu Eskola,&nbsp;Marko Seppänen","doi":"10.1155/2013/921260","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2013/921260","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objectives. We compared five parathyroid scintigraphy protocols in patients with primary (pHPT) and secondary hyperparathyroidism (sHPT) and studied the interobserver agreement. The dual-tracer method ((99m)Tc-sestamibi/(123)I) was used with three acquisition techniques (parallel-hole planar, pinhole planar, and SPECT/CT). The single-tracer method ((99m)Tc-sestamibi) was used with two acquisition techniques (double-phase parallel-hole planar, and SPECT/CT). Thus five protocols were used, resulting in five sets of images. Materials and Methods. Image sets of 51 patients were retrospectively graded by four experienced nuclear medicine physicians. The final study group consisted of 24 patients (21 pHPT, 3 sHPT) who had been operated upon. Surgical and histopathologic findings were used as the standard of comparison. Results. Thirty abnormal parathyroid glands were found in 24 patients. The sensitivities of the dual-tracer method (76.7-80.0%) were similar (P = 1.0). The sensitivities of the single-tracer method (13.3-31.6%) were similar (P = 0.625). All differences in sensitivity between these two methods were statistically significant (P < 0.012). The interobserver agreement was good. Conclusion. This study indicates that any dual-tracer protocol with (99m)Tc-sestamibi and (123)I is superior for enlarged parathyroid gland localization when compared with single-tracer protocols using (99m)Tc-sestamibi alone. The parathyroid scintigraphy was found to be independent of the reporter.</p>","PeriodicalId":89157,"journal":{"name":"International journal of molecular imaging","volume":"2013 ","pages":"921260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/921260","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31256870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cholinergic Depletion in Alzheimer's Disease Shown by [ (18) F]FEOBV Autoradiography.","authors":"Maxime J Parent,&nbsp;Marc-Andre Bedard,&nbsp;Arturo Aliaga,&nbsp;Luciano Minuzzi,&nbsp;Naguib Mechawar,&nbsp;Jean-Paul Soucy,&nbsp;Esther Schirrmacher,&nbsp;Alexey Kostikov,&nbsp;Serge G Gauthier,&nbsp;Pedro Rosa-Neto","doi":"10.1155/2013/205045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/205045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rationale. Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition characterized in part by deficits in cholinergic basalocortical and septohippocampal pathways. [(18)F]Fluoroethoxybenzovesamicol ([(18)F]FEOBV), a Positron Emission Tomography ligand for the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), is a potential molecular agent to investigate brain diseases associated with presynaptic cholinergic losses. Purpose. To demonstrate this potential, we carried out an [(18)F]FEOBV autoradiography study to compare postmortem brain tissues from AD patients to those of age-matched controls. Methods. [(18)F]FEOBV autoradiography binding, defined as the ratio between regional grey and white matter, was estimated in the hippocampus (13 controls, 8 AD) and prefrontal cortex (13 controls, 11 AD). Results. [(18)F]FEOBV binding was decreased by 33% in prefrontal cortex, 25% in CA3, and 20% in CA1. No changes were detected in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, possibly because of sprouting or upregulation toward the resilient glutamatergic neurons of the dentate gyrus. Conclusion. This is the first demonstration of [(18)F]FEOBV focal binding changes in cholinergic projections to the cortex and hippocampus in AD. Such cholinergic synaptic (and more specifically VAChT) alterations, in line with the selective basalocortical and septohippocampal cholinergic losses documented in AD, indicate that [(18)F]FEOBV is indeed a promising ligand to explore cholinergic abnormalities in vivo. </p>","PeriodicalId":89157,"journal":{"name":"International journal of molecular imaging","volume":"2013 ","pages":"205045"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/205045","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31944677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Situ Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Study of Interfacial Structures of Self-Assembled Monolayers of 3-(2-Pyridyldithio)Propionyl Hydrazide onAu(111)","authors":"S. Taira, D. Kaneko, K. Yokoyama, T. Sawaguchi","doi":"10.4172/2155-9937.S1-001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9937.S1-001","url":null,"abstract":"Self-assembled monolayers of 3-(2-pyridyldithio) propionyl hydrazide (PDPH) on Au(111) in perchloric acid solution were studied by in situ scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The two-component PDPH molecules adsorbed uniformly on the Au(111) surface without phase separation in the monolayer. The 2-pyridine and propionyl hydrazide moieties of PDPH appeared as distinct features in the STM image of the PDPH monolayer and were successfully imaged in solution.","PeriodicalId":89157,"journal":{"name":"International journal of molecular imaging","volume":"47 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85427774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contending With Target Unrelated Peptides from Phage Display","authors":"Jessica R. Newton-Northup, S. Deutscher","doi":"10.4172/2155-9937.1000E101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9937.1000E101","url":null,"abstract":"Copyright: © 2012 Zheng D, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Bacteriophage (phage) display is a popular technique employed to generate peptides, antibody fragments, or proteins with specificity for any number of desired targets. In phage display, foreign polypeptides are genetically fused to a phage coat protein so that the random polypeptide sequence is exposed on the surface of the virion. Surface exposure of the polypeptide allows for affinity selection in a highthroughput manner to isolate clones that bind the target. The target may be a purified protein, receptor, nucleic acid, carbohydrate, cell, organ, tumor, etc [1-10]. The genotype-phenotype link in phage display technology generates an easy and efficient means of ligand identification. Phage display technology is a deceptively complex procedure, however, with numerous variables that, if not taken into consideration, can lead to the selection of targeting sequences with unintended and/or undesired properties. While it is important to design a rigorous selection protocol aimed at experimental success, it is equally important to share both positive and negative selection results with the scientific community. If results are not shared, each investigator utilizing phage display technology runs the risk of reselecting amino acid sequences selected by others and/or wasting time characterizing unwanted amino acid sequence. Phage display can be described as “ignorance based discovery” or a “blind” process due to the selection method relying upon the affinity of phage possessing the necessary characteristics to bind to the presented target in order to purify/select individual phage clones from a vast library of unknown phage. As a result, when utilizing phage display it is imperative to recognize the intrinsic bias contained in the libraries and inherent in the selection protocol. For example it is known that phage displaying peptides composed of amino acid residues that are incompatible with virion assembly, secretion and/or infection processes are censored [11]. A short list of these biases is presented in (Table1) with corresponding references which describe each issue.","PeriodicalId":89157,"journal":{"name":"International journal of molecular imaging","volume":"25 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85599177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"T1 and T2 Metabolite Relaxation Times in Normal Brain at 3T and 7T","authors":"Yan Li, Duan Xu, E. Ozturk‐Isik, J. Lupo, Albert P. Chen, D. Vigneron, S. Nelson","doi":"10.4172/2155-9937.S1-002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9937.S1-002","url":null,"abstract":"This study was designed to measure T1 and T2 relaxation times of the singlets in normal brain at 7T. Our results demonstrated that the T1 relaxation values of total creatine (tCr)-CH3 and N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) in the parietal white matter significantly increased at 7T compared to 3T, while the T1 of Choline-containing compounds (Cho) was similar between field strengths.","PeriodicalId":89157,"journal":{"name":"International journal of molecular imaging","volume":"24 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83225190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Nonradiative Clinical Imaging Techniques for the Longitudinal Assessment of Tumour Growth in Murine CT26 Colon Carcinoma.","authors":"Johanne Seguin,&nbsp;Bich-Thuy Doan,&nbsp;Heldmuth Latorre Ossa,&nbsp;Lauriane Jugé,&nbsp;Jean-Luc Gennisson,&nbsp;Mickaël Tanter,&nbsp;Daniel Scherman,&nbsp;Guy G Chabot,&nbsp;Nathalie Mignet","doi":"10.1155/2013/983534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/983534","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background and Objectives. To determine the most appropriate technique for tumour followup in experimental therapeutics, we compared ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to characterize ectopic and orthotopic colon carcinoma models. Methods. CT26 tumours were implanted subcutaneously (s.c.) in Balb/c mice for the ectopic model or into the caecum for the orthotopic model. Tumours were evaluated by histology, spectrofluorescence, MRI, and US. Results. Histology of CT26 tumour showed homogeneously dispersed cancer cells and blood vessels. The visualization of the vascular network using labelled albumin showed that CT26 tumours were highly vascularized and disorganized. MRI allowed high-resolution and accurate 3D tumour measurements and provided additional anatomical and functional information. Noninvasive US imaging allowed good delineation of tumours despite an hypoechogenic signal. Monitoring of tumour growth with US could be accomplished as early as 5 days after implantation with a shorter acquisition time (<5 min) compared to MRI. Conclusion. MRI and US afforded excellent noninvasive imaging techniques to accurately follow tumour growth of ectopic and orthotopic CT26 tumours. These two techniques can be appropriately used for tumour treatment followup, with a preference for US imaging, due to its short acquisition time and simplicity of use. </p>","PeriodicalId":89157,"journal":{"name":"International journal of molecular imaging","volume":"2013 ","pages":"983534"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/983534","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31649642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"(68)Ga-NOTA-CHSg and (99m)Tc-CHSg Labeled Microspheres for Lung Perfusion and Liver Radiomicrospheres Therapy Planning.","authors":"Alejandro Amor-Coarasa,&nbsp;Andrew Milera,&nbsp;Denny Carvajal,&nbsp;Seza Gulec,&nbsp;Jared Leichner,&nbsp;Anthony J McGoron","doi":"10.1155/2013/279872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/279872","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fast biodegradable (12 h < half-life < 48 h) radioactive labeled microspheres are needed for PET and SPECT lung perfusion and radiomicrosphere therapy planning. An emulsion method was used to create 30.1 ±4.8  μ m size range microspheres with biodegradable Chitosan glycol (CHSg). Microspheres were characterized and labeled with (99m)Tc or (68)Ga as an alternative to MAA in perfusion PET and SPECT studies. Surface decoration of CHSg microspheres with p-SCN-Bn-NOTA was performed to increase (68)Ga  in vivo stability. (99m)Tc was labeled directly to the CHSg microspheres. Labeling yield and in vitro radiochemical stability were evaluated. In vitro CHSg microsphere degradation half-life was ~24 hours in porcine blood. Labeled microspheres were injected into Sprague Dawley rats and biodistribution was determined after 2 and 4 hours. Both (99m)Tc-CHSg and (68)Ga-NOTA-CHSg were quickly allocated in the lungs after injection. (99m)Tc-CHSg showed 91.6 ± 6.5% and 83.2 ± 4.1% of the decay corrected injected activity remaining in the lungs after 2 and 4 hours, respectively. For the obtained (68)Ga-NOTA-CHSg microspheres, lung allocation was very high with 98.9 ± 0.2% and 95.6 ± 0.9% after 2 and 4 hours, respectively. The addition of p-SCN-Bn-NOTA acts as a radioprotectant eliminating the released (68)Ga activity from the lungs to the bladder protecting the other organs. </p>","PeriodicalId":89157,"journal":{"name":"International journal of molecular imaging","volume":"2013 ","pages":"279872"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/279872","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32158478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automatic Segmentation of Lung Carcinoma Using 3D Texture Features in 18-FDG PET/CT.","authors":"Daniel Markel,&nbsp;Curtis Caldwell,&nbsp;Hamideh Alasti,&nbsp;Hany Soliman,&nbsp;Yee Ung,&nbsp;Justin Lee,&nbsp;Alexander Sun","doi":"10.1155/2013/980769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/980769","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Target definition is the largest source of geometric uncertainty in radiation therapy. This is partly due to a lack of contrast between tumor and healthy soft tissue for computed tomography (CT) and due to blurriness, lower spatial resolution, and lack of a truly quantitative unit for positron emission tomography (PET). First-, second-, and higher-order statistics, Tamura, and structural features were characterized for PET and CT images of lung carcinoma and organs of the thorax. A combined decision tree (DT) with K-nearest neighbours (KNN) classifiers as nodes containing combinations of 3 features were trained and used for segmentation of the gross tumor volume. This approach was validated for 31 patients from two separate institutions and scanners. The results were compared with thresholding approaches, the fuzzy clustering method, the 3-level fuzzy locally adaptive Bayesian algorithm, the multivalued level set algorithm, and a single KNN using Hounsfield units and standard uptake value. The results showed the DTKNN classifier had the highest sensitivity of 73.9%, second highest average Dice coefficient of 0.607, and a specificity of 99.2% for classifying voxels when using a probabilistic ground truth provided by simultaneous truth and performance level estimation using contours drawn by 3 trained physicians.</p>","PeriodicalId":89157,"journal":{"name":"International journal of molecular imaging","volume":" ","pages":"980769"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/980769","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40230004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}