International journal of molecular imaging最新文献

{"title":"Rhenium-188 production in hospitals, by w-188/re-188 generator, for easy use in radionuclide therapy.","authors":"Maria Argyrou,&nbsp;Alexia Valassi,&nbsp;Maria Andreou,&nbsp;Maria Lyra","doi":"10.1155/2013/290750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/290750","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rhenium-188 (Re-188) is a high energy β-emitting radioisotope obtained from the tungsten-188/rhenium-188 (W-188/Re-188) generator, which has shown utility for a variety of therapeutic applications in nuclear medicine, oncology, and interventional radiology/cardiology. Re-188 decay is accompanied by a 155 keV predominant energy γ-emission, which could be detected by γ-cameras, for imaging, biodistribution, or absorbed radiation dose studies. Its attractive physical properties and its potential low cost associated with a long-lived parent make it an interesting option for clinical use. The setup and daily use of W-188/Re-188 generator in hospital nuclear medicine departments are discussed in detail. The clinical efficacy, for several therapeutic applications, of a variety of Re-188-labeled agents is demonstrated. The high energy of the β-emission of Re-188 is particularly well suited for effective penetration in solid tumours. Its total radiation dose delivered to tissues is comparable to other radionuclides used in therapy. Furthermore, radiation safety and shielding requirements are an important subject of matter. In the case of bone metastases treatment, therapeutic ratios are presented in order to describe the efficacy of Re-188 usage.</p>","PeriodicalId":89157,"journal":{"name":"International journal of molecular imaging","volume":"2013 ","pages":"290750"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/290750","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31414964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Is the Clinical Significance of FDG Unexpected Uptake in the Prostate in Patients Undergoing PET/CT for Other Malignancies?","authors":"Priya Bhosale,&nbsp;Aparna Balachandran,&nbsp;Raghu Vikram,&nbsp;Chitra Viswanathan,&nbsp;Homer Macapinlac,&nbsp;Eric Rohren,&nbsp;Ramanujan Prativadi","doi":"10.1155/2013/476786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/476786","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Purpose. To determine the clinical significance of unexpected, abnormal FDG uptake in the prostate in patients undergoing FDG-PET/CT for staging of other primary malignancies without a prior history of prostate carcinoma. Methods. Retrospective search of FDG-PET/CT studies to identify patients with unexpected, abnormal FDG uptake in the prostate gland, who underwent subsequent biopsy, was performed. 26 patients were identified. Images were reviewed to determine the pattern of uptake within the prostate (focal or diffuse) and maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax). PSA and Gleason scores were recorded. Results. 15/26 (58%) patients were found to have prostate carcinoma. Gleason scores ranged from 6 to 9.9. There was no statistical difference in the pattern of uptake (focal versus diffuse) or the SUVmax. Serum PSA levels with cancer (range, 2-26.8 ng; mean, 10.2 ng) and those without cancer (range, 2-10.5 ng; mean, 2.2 ng) were statistically significant (P < 0.007, Wilcoxon rank sum test). Conclusions. Patients with abnormal uptake in the prostate have a 58% likelihood of occult prostate cancer. In the setting of elevated serum PSA levels, abnormal prostate uptake should therefore be viewed with suspicion and a urology consult should be obtained; however, it is irrelevant in patients with underlying aggressive malignancies. </p>","PeriodicalId":89157,"journal":{"name":"International journal of molecular imaging","volume":"2013 ","pages":"476786"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/476786","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32055537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Hypoxia and pH on Bioluminescence Imaging of Luciferase-Transfected Tumor Cells and Xenografts.","authors":"Ashraf A Khalil, Mark J Jameson, William C Broaddus, Peck Sun Lin, Seth M Dever, Sarah E Golding, Elizabeth Rosenberg, Kristoffer Valerie, Theodore D Chung","doi":"10.1155/2013/287697","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2013/287697","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) is a relatively new noninvasive technology used for quantitative assessment of tumor growth and therapeutic effect in living animal models. BLI involves the generation of light by luciferase-expressing cells following administration of the substrate luciferin in the presence of oxygen and ATP. In the present study, the effects of hypoxia, hypoperfusion, and pH on BLI signal (BLS) intensity were evaluated in vitro using cultured cells and in vivo using a xenograft model in nude mice. The intensity of the BLS was significantly reduced in the presence of acute and chronic hypoxia. Changes in cell density, viability, and pH also affected BLS. Although BLI is a convenient non-invasive tool for tumor assessment, these factors should be considered when interpreting BLS intensity, especially in solid tumors that could be hypoxic due to rapid growth, inadequate blood supply, and/or treatment. </p>","PeriodicalId":89157,"journal":{"name":"International journal of molecular imaging","volume":"2013 ","pages":"287697"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3723249/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31649641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Utility of Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Discriminating and Early Detecting of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma","authors":"Dechun Zheng, Yun-bin Chen, Yuqiang Yao, Z. Du, Xiaohong Deng","doi":"10.4172/2155-9937.1000109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9937.1000109","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To study the utility of Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging to distinguish among Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC), lymphoma, tuberculosis and nasopharyngitis which originates in nasopharynx. \u0000 \u0000 Materials and Methods: Our hospital’s institutional review board approved this retrospective study. Forty-two patients with early stage NPC, sixteen with lymphoma, eleven with tuberculosis, and twenty-six with nasopharyngitis were included in this retrospectively study. All patients underwent both nasopharynx and skull base region MR Imaging and nasopharyngo-fiberscope biopsy in our hospital, and were finally diagnosed with histopathologically proven (n = 86) and clinical follow-up (n = 9). The Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were investigated by experienced radiologist, and averaged ADC value of per patient was compared in groups. Mean ADC values between two groups were compared by independent - samples T-test, and one-way Analysis of Variance was used to analyze mean ADC values among four groups. Results: Mean ADC values of malignant nasopharyngeal lesions (early stage NPC and lymphoma) and benign nasopharyngeal lesions (tuberculosis and nasopharyngitis) were (0.708 ± 0.158) and (0.913 ± 0.168) × 10-3 mm2/s respectively (t = 6.05, P < 0.01). Mean ADC values of nasopharyngeal lesions of early stage NPC, lymphoma, tuberculosis and nasopharyngitis were (0.753 ± 0.135), (0.590 ± 0.156), (0.855 ± 0.137), and (0.935 ± 0.179) × 10-3 mm2/s respectively (F = 18.89, P < 0.01), and post multiple comparisons showed that they were all Statistical significance on 0.05 level between NPC, lymphoma, tuberculosis and nasopharyngitis except subgroup tuberculosis and nasopharyngitis (p = 0.55); An ADC value lower than or equal to 0.828 × 10-3 mm2/s was used as threshold for nasopharyngeal malignancy, with a sensitivity 82.8% and specificity of 70.3%. When the same ADC value ≤ 0.828 × 10-3 mm2/s was used as threshold to differentiate early stage NPC from nasopharyngitis, sensitivity and specificity were 78.6% and 69.2% respectively. When an ADC value ≤ 0.681 × 10-3 mm2/s was used as threshold to differentiate lymphoma from early stage NPC, sensitivity and specificity were 81.3% and 71.4% respectively. \u0000 \u0000 Conclusion: MR DWI has a potential value in differentiating nasopharyngeal diseases.","PeriodicalId":89157,"journal":{"name":"International journal of molecular imaging","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88521178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3-D Reconstruction of Tooth Development and Gene Expression Using Optical Projection Tomography","authors":"M. Y. Beebeejaun, P. Sharpe, S. Pacheco","doi":"10.4172/2155-9937.1000107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9937.1000107","url":null,"abstract":"Tooth morphogenesis is a highly conserved process that occurs under very strict genetic control with the dentition of an organism developing as a result of reciprocal interactions between the oral epithelium and the underlying neural crest derived mesenchymal cells. In order to gain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms that underlie tooth growth and development, the use of optical projection tomography (OPT) as a method for capturing particular gene expression pattern was used and the developing dentition of the mouse were reconstructed using three dimensional (3-D) data reconstruction. This project covered the time window between embryonic days 11.5 and 14.5 in the mouse (Mus musculus) which corresponds to the time frame of early development in the tooth. 3D domains of gene expression were visualized using marker genes, Keratin 5, Sonic Hedgehog (Shh), Pitx2 and Pax9 first by whole mount in situ hybridization and then viewed using special software that allow the generation of 3-D data. This allowed us to reconstruct the developing dentition based on four gene expressions. A complete 3-D reconstruction of the dental epithelium was achieved with K5; Pitx2 allowed us to reconstruct the oral ectoderm exclusively whereas the 3-D analysis of prospective tooth germs was made possible by mapping the expression of Shh in all three axes. Pax9/ Pitx2 double gene expression made it possible to create a 3-D model of both the epithelium and mesenchyme thereby showing the extent to which those two tissues interact. In the OPT models, considerable details such as the shape the epithelium adopts in the developing incisor tooth could be viewed in three dimensions. Even at a minimum resolution, 3-D anatomical details and expression of genes deep into the anatomy of the mouse could be identified and visualised. The OPT technology and the generated models along with all the accompanying technologies provided a powerful approach to the study and analysis of gene expression during early odontogenesis.","PeriodicalId":89157,"journal":{"name":"International journal of molecular imaging","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82537095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controlled Molecular Targeting of Inducible Heat Shock Proteins","authors":"Pradip Ghosh, Jan Lammel, T. Lee, Xukui Wang, Daniel Y. Lee","doi":"10.4172/2155-9937.1000106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9937.1000106","url":null,"abstract":"In an effort to devise schemes to site-specifically deliver drugs “on demand” we have leveraged the inducible expression properties of the well-characterized class of stress-response factors, the heat shock proteins. We asked whether a small molecule ligand selective for such proteins could be used as a potential theranostic platform. By conjugating a fluorescent dye to a recently identified nucleoside analog with modest affinity for heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), we have found that cellular uptake can be enhanced following transient heat shock in vitro. The in vivo performance of this compound was further evaluated in nude mice subjected to locoregional hyperthermia which showed a modest level of accumulation in the treated muscle. This effect correlates with relative levels of HSP70 over expression in the treated tissue, supporting the hypothesis that molecular targeting can be enhanced by inducing endogenous proteins through external means.","PeriodicalId":89157,"journal":{"name":"International journal of molecular imaging","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90171171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary Evaluation of Potential Disease Modification by Hylan G-F 20 (Synvisc ® ) Using dGEMRIC","authors":"P. Prasad, Wei Li, T. Schnitzer, N. Krishnan, D. Burstein","doi":"10.4172/2155-9937.1000104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9937.1000104","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the present study was to utilize delayed Gadolinium Enhanced MRI of Cartilage (dGEMRIC), as a reflection of cartilage matrix integrity, to evaluate the effects of a specific hyaluronan, hylan G-F 20 (SYNVISC®; Genzyme Biosurgery, Cambridge, MA) in OA patients over the course of 6 months, and to utilize these data to determine effect size and power calculations for future studies. An open-label, single-blind exploratory study of patients having knee OA (Trail registration: NCT00949494) was performed in thirty subjects (20 active, intra-articular injections (3, week apart) with hylan G-F 20; 10 control). dGEMRIC data was obtained at baseline, 3 and 6 months. No changes were measurable with hylan administration under the clinical and imaging conditions utilized in the current study. The lack of response in the current study may be because the subjects had a relatively advanced stage of disease with respect to cartilage integrity.","PeriodicalId":89157,"journal":{"name":"International journal of molecular imaging","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85088749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Would Sub-regional Analysis Improve Sensitivity in Knee dGEMRIC?","authors":"Wei Li, H. Du, P. Prasad","doi":"10.4172/2155-9937.1000105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9937.1000105","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To evaluate if sub-regional analysis could offer higher sensitivity than full-thickness analysis when quantifying dGEMRIC data of the knee. \u0000Materials and methods: A dGEMRIC data set of medial femoral cartilage of the knee, including thirteen patients with osteoarthritis (diseased) and fourteen asymptomatic subjects (control), was reanalyzed with sub-regional analysis, i.e. using two ROIs (regions of interest) representing superficial region and deep region of the cartilage respectively, in addition to full-thickness ROI. Comparisons were made in T1pre (spin-lattice relaxation time without contrast administration), T1Gd (after Gd-DTPA2- administration), and ΔR1 (the change of relaxation rate) obtained with the three analysis methods. \u0000Results: Differences between superficial region and deep region in T1pre, and T1Gd were clearly observed. Superficial region analysis always provided shortest T1Gd and highest ΔR1 in both the diseased and the control, but the diseased-control difference in T1Gd and ΔR1 were quite close with the three analysis methods. Even though superficial region analysis showed slightly higher values of AUC (areas under the curves) of Receiver Operating Characteristic compared to full-thickness analysis, no significant difference in sensitivity was observed for knee dGEMRIC, with either T1Gd (p=0.802) or ΔR1 (p=0.328). \u0000Conclusion: For analyzing dGEMRIC of the knee with reduced cartilage thickness due to OA, there is no significant difference in sensitivity between sub-regional analysis and full-thickness analysis.","PeriodicalId":89157,"journal":{"name":"International journal of molecular imaging","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89750756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantification of Changes in Skeletal Muscle Amino Acid Kinetics in Adult Humans in Response to Exercise via Positron-emission Tomography with L-[methyl-11C] methionine","authors":"Roy Harnish, T. Streeper, I. Saeed, C. Schreck, S. Dannoon, J. Slater, J. Blecha, H. VanBrocklin, M. Hern, ez-Pampaloni, R. Hawkins, Youngho Seo, G. Sayre, T. Lang","doi":"10.4172/2155-9937.1000103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9937.1000103","url":null,"abstract":"Dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of with L-[methyl- 11 C]methionine (11C-MET) was developed in the late 1990’s to non-invasively estimate skeletal muscle protein synthesis, but no studies have shown that the measurements respond to resistance exercise, which stimulates protein synthesis in humans. Ten healthy women aged 25-75 years underwent a 14-hour fast, followed by unilateral knee extension and flexion exercise and consumption of an 8-ounce serving of fruit juice. Five subjects underwent dynamic 11C-MET PET imaging of the mid-thigh 2-3 hours after exercise and five were imaged 1 hour after exercise. Images were processed to obtain the Patlak slope K i , which describes the fractional extraction rate of 11C-MET into skeletal muscle protein. Additionally, the images were processed with a three-compartment kinetic model to determine rate constants for 11C-MET transport between muscle tissue, protein and plasma. All subjects showed excellent mid-thigh uptake of 11C-MET. Subjects imaged 2-3 hours after exercise showed no unilateral enhancement. However, subjects imaged one hour post-exercise showed an enhancement of 11C-MET uptake in the exercised leg compared to the control leg, corresponding to K i elevations between 3.8% - 31.1%. From the three-compartment analysis, the increased uptake corresponded primarily to an increased rate constant for extraction of 11C-MET from plasma to skeletal muscle tissue. Finally, older subjects tended to have smaller values of K i than the younger subjects. In summary, 11C-MET kinetics is responsive to a unilateral exercise stimulus, and this technique may prove useful to study skeletal muscle amino acid kinetics in response to exercise, aging and other conditions","PeriodicalId":89157,"journal":{"name":"International journal of molecular imaging","volume":"17 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87853775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Rationale for the Use of F18-FDG PET/CT in Fever and Inflammation of Unknown Origin.","authors":"H Balink,&nbsp;H J Verberne,&nbsp;R J Bennink,&nbsp;B L F van Eck-Smit","doi":"10.1155/2012/165080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/165080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review focuses on the diagnostic value of hybrid F18-FDG Positron Emission Tomography/Computerized tomography (PET/CT) in fever of unknown origin (FUO) and inflammation of unknown origin (IUO). Due to the wide range of possible causes both FUO and IUO remain a clinical challenge for both patients and physicians. In addition, the aetiology of IUO shows the same variation in diseases as the FUO spectrum and probably requires the same diagnostic approach as FUO. There are numerous historically used diagnostic approaches incorporating invasive and non-invasive, and imaging techniques, all with relative high specificity but limited sensitivity. This hampers the generalization of these diagnostic approaches. However, recently published reports show that F18-FDG PET/CT in FUO and IUO has a high sensitivity and a relative non-specificity for malignancy, infection and inflammation. This makes F18-FDG PET/CT an ideal diagnostic tool to start the diagnostic process and to guide subsequent focused diagnostic approaches with higher specificity. In addition, F18-FDG PET/CT has a relative high negative predictive value. Therefore F18 FDG PET/CT should be incorporated in the routine diagnostic work-up of patients with FUO and IUO, preferably at an early stage in the diagnostic process.</p>","PeriodicalId":89157,"journal":{"name":"International journal of molecular imaging","volume":"2012 ","pages":"165080"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/165080","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31159738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}