BiomimeticsPub Date : 2025-06-03DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics10060360
Panagiotis Mougkogiannis, Andrew Adamatzky
{"title":"Polymorphism in Glu-Phe-Asp Proteinoids.","authors":"Panagiotis Mougkogiannis, Andrew Adamatzky","doi":"10.3390/biomimetics10060360","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biomimetics10060360","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glu-Phe-Asp (GFD) proteinoids represent a class of synthetic polypeptides capable of self-assembling into microspheres, fibres, or combinations thereof, with morphology dramatically influencing their electrical properties. Extended recordings and detailed waveforms demonstrate that microspheres generate rapid, nerve-like spikes, while fibres exhibit consistent and gradual variations in voltage. Mixed networks integrate multiple components to achieve a balanced output. Electrochemical measurements show clear differences. Microspheres have a low capacitance of 1.926±5.735μF. They show high impedance at 6646.282±178.664 Ohm. Their resistance is low, measuring 15,830.739 ± 652.514 mΩ. This structure allows for quick ionic transport, leading to spiking behaviour. Fibres show high capacitance (9.912±0.171μF) and low impedance (209.400±0.286 Ohm). They also have high resistance (163,067.613 ± 9253.064 mΩ). This combination helps with charge storage and slow potential changes. The 50:50 mixture shows middle values for all parameters. This confirms that hybrid electrical properties have emerged. The differences come from basic structural changes. Microspheres trap ions in small, round spaces. This allows for quick release. In contrast, fibers spread ions along their length. This leads to slower wave propagation. In mixed systems, diverse voltage zones emerge, suggesting cooperative dynamics between morphologies. This electrical polymorphism in simple proteinoid systems may explain complexity in biological systems. This study shows that structural polymorphism in GFD proteinoids affects their electrical properties. This finding is significant for biomimetic computing and sheds light on prebiotic information-processing systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":8907,"journal":{"name":"Biomimetics","volume":"10 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12190980/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144483078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiomimeticsPub Date : 2025-06-03DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics10060363
Qiyun Zhong, Qingsong He, Diyi Liu, Xinyu Lu, Siyuan Liu, Yuze Ye, Yefu Wang
{"title":"A Piezoelectric Sensor Based on MWCNT-Enhanced Polyvinyl Chloride Gel for Contact Perception of Grippers.","authors":"Qiyun Zhong, Qingsong He, Diyi Liu, Xinyu Lu, Siyuan Liu, Yuze Ye, Yefu Wang","doi":"10.3390/biomimetics10060363","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biomimetics10060363","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In contrast to traditional hydrogels, which are susceptible to water evaporation and structural degradation, non-hydrogel materials are engineered for superior stability and consistent performance. Here, we report an innovative piezoelectric polyvinyl chloride/multi-walled carbon nanotube polymer gel (PVC/MWCNT polymer gel, PMPG) with exceptional linearity (as low as 1.31%), high sensitivity (50-310.17 mV), rapid response (172-189 ms), and thermal stability. Under strain induction, ordered rearrangement of dipoles in PMPG and the enhancement of MWCNTs generate a potential difference. Increasing MWCNT content enhances output voltage, sensitivity, conductivity, maximum stress, Young's modulus, and toughness, while reducing nonlinear error. Higher dibutyl adipate (DBA) content increases output voltage and slightly improves sensitivity but decreases mechanical strength. The optimal PMPG (PVC:DBA = 1:5, 1 wt% MWCNTs) exhibited outstanding performance. It exhibits a nonlinear error as low as 1.31%, a conductivity of 25.4 μS/cm, an 80% compressive strain tolerance (273 kPa stress), and dimensional stability for 90 days in air. By integrating PMPG with machine learning algorithms, soft robotic grippers gain advanced contact perception capabilities, enabling applications in medicine, rescue, exploration, and other fields requiring fine manipulation and adaptability. This work highlights PMPG's potential as a stable, high-performance material for soft robotics and beyond.</p>","PeriodicalId":8907,"journal":{"name":"Biomimetics","volume":"10 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12190710/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144483034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Novel Black Widow Optimization Algorithm Based on Lagrange Interpolation Operator for ResNet18.","authors":"Peiyang Wei, Can Hu, Jingyi Hu, Zhibin Li, Wen Qin, Jianhong Gan, Tinghui Chen, Hongping Shu, Mingsheng Shang","doi":"10.3390/biomimetics10060361","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biomimetics10060361","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hyper-parameters play a critical role in neural networks; they significantly impact both training effectiveness and overall model performance. Proper hyper-parameter settings can accelerate model convergence and improve generalization. Among various hyper-parameters, the learning rate is particularly important. However, optimizing the learning rate typically requires extensive experimentation and tuning, as its setting is often dependent on specific tasks and datasets and therefore lacks universal rules or standards. Consequently, adjustments are generally made through trial and error, thereby making the selection of the learning rate complex and time-consuming. In an attempt to surmount this challenge, evolutionary computation algorithms can automatically adjust the hyper-parameter learning rate to improve training efficiency and model performance. In response to this, we propose a black widow optimization algorithm based on Lagrange interpolation (LIBWONN) to optimize the learning rate of ResNet18. Moreover, we evaluate LIBWONN's effectiveness using 24 benchmark functions from CEC2017 and CEC2022 and compare it with nine advanced metaheuristic algorithms. The experimental results indicate that LIBWONN outperforms the other algorithms in convergence and stability. Additionally, experiments on publicly available datasets from six different fields demonstrate that LIBWONN improves the accuracy on both training and testing sets compared to the standard BWO, with gains of 6.99% and 4.48%, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":8907,"journal":{"name":"Biomimetics","volume":"10 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12190972/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144483031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiomimeticsPub Date : 2025-06-02DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics10060358
Fang Li, Congteng Dai, Abdelazim G Hussien, Rong Zheng
{"title":"IPO: An Improved Parrot Optimizer for Global Optimization and Multilayer Perceptron Classification Problems.","authors":"Fang Li, Congteng Dai, Abdelazim G Hussien, Rong Zheng","doi":"10.3390/biomimetics10060358","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biomimetics10060358","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Parrot Optimizer (PO) is a new optimization algorithm based on the behaviors of trained Pyrrhura Molinae parrots. In this paper, an improved PO (IPO) is proposed for solving global optimization problems and training the multilayer perceptron. The basic PO is enhanced by using three improvements, which are aerial search strategy, modified staying behavior, and improved communicating behavior. The aerial search strategy is derived from Arctic Puffin Optimization and is employed to enhance the exploration ability of PO. The staying behavior and communicating behavior of PO are modified using random movement and roulette fitness-distance balance selection methods to achieve a better balance between exploration and exploitation. To evaluate the optimization performance of the proposed IPO, twelve CEC2022 test functions and five standard classification datasets are selected for the experimental tests. The results between IPO and the other six well-known optimization algorithms show that IPO has superior performance for solving complex global optimization problems. The results between IPO and the other six well-known optimization algorithms show that IPO has superior performance for solving complex global optimization problems. In addition, IPO has been applied to optimize a multilayer perceptron model for classifying the oral English teaching quality evaluation dataset. An MLP model with a 10-21-3 structure is constructed for the classification of evaluation outcomes. The results show that IPO-MLP outperforms other algorithms with the highest classification accuracy of 88.33%, which proves the effectiveness of the developed method.</p>","PeriodicalId":8907,"journal":{"name":"Biomimetics","volume":"10 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12190212/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144483072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Hybrid Multi-Strategy Differential Creative Search Optimization Algorithm and Its Applications.","authors":"Yuanyuan Zhang, Longquan Yong, Yijia Chen, Jintao Yang, Mengnan Zhang","doi":"10.3390/biomimetics10060356","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biomimetics10060356","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To address the issues of uneven initial distribution and limited search accuracy with the traditional divergent quantum-inspired differential search (DCS) algorithm, a hybrid multi-strategy variant, termed DQDCS, is proposed. This improved version overcomes these limitations by integrating the refined set strategy and clustering process for population initialization, along with the double Q-learning model to balance exploration and exploitation This enhanced version replaces the conventional pseudo-random initialization with a refined set generated through a clustering process, thereby significantly improving population diversity. A novel position update mechanism is introduced based on the original equation, enabling individuals to effectively escape from local optima during the iteration process. Additionally, the table reinforcement learning model (double Q-learning model) is integrated into the original algorithm to balance the probabilities between exploration and exploitation, thereby accelerating the convergence towards the global optimum. The effectiveness of each enhancement is validated through ablation studies, and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test is employed to assess the statistical significance of performance differences between DQDCS and other classical algorithms. Benchmark simulations are conducted using the CEC2019 and CEC2022 test functions, as well as two well-known constrained engineering design problems. The comparison includes both recent state-of-the-art algorithms and improved optimization methods. Simulation results demonstrate that the incorporation of the refined set and clustering process, along with the table reinforcement learning model (double Q-learning model) mechanism, leads to superior convergence speed and higher optimization precision.</p>","PeriodicalId":8907,"journal":{"name":"Biomimetics","volume":"10 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12191428/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144483029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiomimeticsPub Date : 2025-06-01DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics10060357
Samo Jereb, Jure Berce, Robert Lovšin, Matevž Zupančič, Matic Može, Iztok Golobič
{"title":"Investigation of Droplet Spreading and Rebound Dynamics on Superhydrophobic Surfaces Using Machine Learning.","authors":"Samo Jereb, Jure Berce, Robert Lovšin, Matevž Zupančič, Matic Može, Iztok Golobič","doi":"10.3390/biomimetics10060357","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biomimetics10060357","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The spreading and rebound of impacting droplets on superhydrophobic interfaces is a complex phenomenon governed by the interconnected contributions of surface, fluid and environmental factors. In this work, we employed a collection of 1498 water-glycerin droplet impact experiments on monolayer-functionalized laser-structured aluminum samples to train, validate and optimize a machine learning regression model. To elucidate the role of each influential parameter, we analyzed the model-predicted individual parameter contributions on key descriptors of the phenomenon, such as contact time, maximum spreading coefficient and rebound efficiency. Our results confirm the dominant contribution of droplet impact velocity while highlighting that the droplet spreading phase appears to be independent of surface microtopography, i.e., the depth and width of laser-made features. Interestingly, once the rebound transitions to the retraction stage, the importance of the unwetted area fraction is heightened, manifesting in higher rebound efficiency on samples with smaller distances between laser-fabricated microchannels. Finally, we exploited the trained models to develop empirical correlations for predicting the maximum spreading coefficient and rebound efficiency, both of which strongly outperform the currently published models. This work can aid future studies that aim to bridge the gap between the observed macroscale surface-droplet interactions and the microscale properties of the interface or the thermophysical properties of the fluid.</p>","PeriodicalId":8907,"journal":{"name":"Biomimetics","volume":"10 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12190483/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144483071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Examination and Relationship of Posterior Superior Alveolar Artery and Canalis Sinuosus Using Cone Beam CT.","authors":"İskender Yılmaz, Sevda Lafci Fahrioglu, Mujgan Firincioglulari, Kaan Orhan, Sezgin İlgi","doi":"10.3390/biomimetics10060352","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biomimetics10060352","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, we investigated the anatomical location, dimensions, and relationships of the posterior superior alveolar artery (PSAA) and canalis sinuosus (CS) within the maxilla, aiming to enhance the safety and efficacy of surgical procedures. A retrospective analysis was performed on 323 individual cone beam computed tomography scans. The diameter of the PSAA and CS, the distance of the PSAA from the sinus floor, the distance of the PSAA and CS from the alveolar crest, the distance of the PSAA and CS from the nasal septum, and the distance from CS to the nasal cavity floor were measured. The distance between PSAA and the sinus floor showed no significant difference between the right and left sides nor between genders (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The distance between the alveolar crest of PSAA and the distance between PSAA and to nasal septum was significantly higher on the left than on the right side (<i>p</i> < 0.05). According to gender, female subjects exhibited a lower distance between PSAA and the nasal septum than males (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Variations in PSAA and CS anatomy highlight the need for individualized preoperative CBCT assessment to reduce complications like bleeding during maxillary surgeries, enhancing surgical planning and safety in dental and maxillofacial procedures.</p>","PeriodicalId":8907,"journal":{"name":"Biomimetics","volume":"10 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12191117/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144483062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiomimeticsPub Date : 2025-06-01DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics10060353
Spencer Troy P Cortez, Seksan Winyangkul, Suwin Sleesongsom
{"title":"The Conceptual Design of a Variable Camber Wing.","authors":"Spencer Troy P Cortez, Seksan Winyangkul, Suwin Sleesongsom","doi":"10.3390/biomimetics10060353","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biomimetics10060353","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The variable camber wing (VCW) is a morphing wing design anticipated to enhance unmanned aerial vehicles' (UAVs') performance in flight through continuously changing shape. The performance of VCWs has been proven, but techniques for their integration, including aerodynamic analysis, mechanism synthesis, and structural tests, still lag in development at the conceptual design stage. Therefore, this research focuses on designing a variable camber wing, a key area for the advancement of morphing aircraft. Inspired by the high-lift capabilities of traditional aircraft devices but aiming for smoother airflow through continuous shape alteration, this research proposes a novel three-step design for a structurally integrated VCW. This approach begins with a critical aerodynamic analysis to determine wing shape adaptations across various flight conditions, followed by a mechanism synthesis phase to design a four-bar linkage that accurately approximates the desired trailing edge deflections by utilizing a variant of teaching-learning-based optimization. The objective is to minimize error between the intended and actual coupler link while adhering to design constraints for proper integration in the wing structure. Finally, structural analysis evaluates the skin's ability to withstand operational loads and ensure the integrity of the VCW system. The design result demonstrates the success of this three-step approach to synthesizing a VCW mechanism that meets the defined aerodynamic (actual deflection of 9.1764°) and structural targets (maximum Von Mises stress of 81.5 MPa and maximum deflection of 0.073 m), paving the way for enhanced aircraft performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":8907,"journal":{"name":"Biomimetics","volume":"10 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12191259/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144483001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiomimeticsPub Date : 2025-06-01DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics10060355
Jingbo Wang, Hongxiang Xia, Shijie Wang
{"title":"Improvement of Anti-Collision Performance of Concrete Columns Using Bio-Inspired Honeycomb Column Thin-Walled Structure (BHTS).","authors":"Jingbo Wang, Hongxiang Xia, Shijie Wang","doi":"10.3390/biomimetics10060355","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biomimetics10060355","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, frequent vehicle-bridge pier collision accidents have posed a serious threat to people's economic and life security. In order to avert the impairment of reinforced concrete bridge piers (RCBPs) under the impact of vehicles, three kinds of Mg-Al alloy AlSi10Mg anti-collision structures designed by selective laser melting (SLM) printing were tested by the numerical simulation method in this study: an ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) anti-collision structure, a bio-inspired honeycomb column thin-walled structure (BHTS) buffer interlayer, and a UHPC-BHTS composite structure were used to reduce the damage degree of RCBPs caused by vehicle impact. In accordance with the prototype configuration of the pier, a scaled model with a scale ratio of 1:10 was fabricated. Three anti-collision structures were installed on the reinforced concrete (RC) column specimens for the steel ball impact test. The impact simulation under low-energy and high-energy input was carried out successively, and the protective effect of the three anti-collision devices on the RC column was comprehensively evaluated. The outcomes demonstrate that the BHTS buffer interlayer and the UHPC-BHTS composite structure are capable of converting the shear failure of RC columns into bending failure, thereby exerting an efficacious role in safeguarding RC columns. The damage was evaluated under all impact conditions of BHTS and UHPC-BHTS composite structures, and the RC column only suffered slight damage, while the RC column without protective measures and the RC column with the UHPC anti-collision structure alone showed serious damage and collapse behavior. This approach can offer a valuable reference for anti-collision design within analogous projects.</p>","PeriodicalId":8907,"journal":{"name":"Biomimetics","volume":"10 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12191047/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144483069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiomimeticsPub Date : 2025-06-01DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics10060354
Zhengzong Wang, Xiantao Ye, Guolin Jiang, Yiru Yi
{"title":"Improved Zebra Optimization Algorithm with Multi Strategy Fusion and Its Application in Robot Path Planning.","authors":"Zhengzong Wang, Xiantao Ye, Guolin Jiang, Yiru Yi","doi":"10.3390/biomimetics10060354","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biomimetics10060354","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In order to overcome the inherent drawbacks of the baseline Zebra Optimization Algorithm (ZOA) approach, such as its propensity for premature convergence and local optima trapping, this work creates a Multi-Strategy Enhanced Zebra Optimization Algorithm (MZOA). Three strategic changes are incorporated into the improved framework: triangular walk operators to balance localized exploitation and global exploration across optimization phases; Levy flight mechanisms to strengthen solution space traversal capabilities; and lens imaging inversion learning to improve population diversity and avoid local convergence stagnation. The enhanced solution accuracy of the MZOA over modern metaheuristics is empirically validated using the CEC2005 and CEC2017 benchmark suites. The proposed MZOA's performance improved by 15.8% compared to the basic ZOA The algorithm's practical effectiveness across a range of environmental difficulties is confirmed by extensive assessment in engineering optimization and robotic route planning scenarios. It routinely achieves optimal solutions in both simple and complicated setups. In robot path planning, the proposed MZOA reduces the movement path by 8.7% compared to the basic ZOA. These comprehensive evaluations establish the MZOA as a robust computational algorithm for complex optimization challenges, demonstrating enhanced convergence characteristics and operational reliability in synthetic and real-world applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":8907,"journal":{"name":"Biomimetics","volume":"10 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12191251/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144483068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}