Biomimetics最新文献

{"title":"Graph-Driven Micro-Expression Rendering with Emotionally Diverse Expressions for Lifelike Digital Humans.","authors":"Lei Fang, Fan Yang, Yichen Lin, Jing Zhang, Mincheol Whang","doi":"10.3390/biomimetics10090587","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biomimetics10090587","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Micro-expressions, characterized by brief and subtle facial muscle movements, are essential for conveying nuanced emotions in digital humans, yet existing rendering techniques often produce rigid or emotionally monotonous animations due to the inadequate modeling of temporal dynamics and action unit interdependencies. This paper proposes a graph-driven framework for micro-expression rendering that generates emotionally diverse and lifelike expressions. We employ a 3D-ResNet-18 backbone network to perform joint spatio-temporal feature extraction from facial video sequences, enhancing sensitivity to transient motion cues. Action units (AUs) are modeled as nodes in a symmetric graph, with edge weights derived from empirical co-occurrence probabilities and processed via a graph convolutional network to capture structural dependencies and symmetric interactions. This symmetry is justified by the inherent bilateral nature of human facial anatomy, where AU relationships are based on co-occurrence and facial anatomy analysis (as per the FACS), which are typically undirected and symmetric. Human faces are symmetric, and such relationships align with the design of classic spectral GCNs for undirected graphs, assuming that adjacency matrices are symmetric to model non-directional co-occurrences effectively. Predicted AU activations and timestamps are interpolated into continuous motion curves using B-spline functions and mapped to skeletal controls within a real-time animation pipeline (Unreal Engine). Experiments on the CASME II dataset demonstrate superior performance, achieving an F1-score of 77.93% and an accuracy of 84.80% (<i>k</i>-fold cross-validation, k = 5), outperforming baselines in temporal segmentation. Subjective evaluations confirm that the rendered digital human exhibits improvements in perceptual clarity, naturalness, and realism. This approach bridges micro-expression recognition and high-fidelity facial animation, enabling more expressive virtual interactions through curve extraction from AU values and timestamps.</p>","PeriodicalId":8907,"journal":{"name":"Biomimetics","volume":"10 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12467307/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145147674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep Learning-Based Evaluation of Postural Control Impairments Caused by Stroke Under Altered Sensory Conditions.","authors":"Armin Najipour, Siamak Khorramymehr, Mehdi Razeghi, Kamran Hassani","doi":"10.3390/biomimetics10090586","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biomimetics10090586","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Accurate and timely detection of postural control impairments in stroke patients is crucial for effective rehabilitation and fall prevention. Traditional clinical assessments often rely on qualitative observation and handcrafted features, which may fail to capture the nonlinear and uncertain nature of postural deficits. This study addresses these limitations by introducing a hybrid deep learning framework that integrates Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) with Type-2 fuzzy logic activation to robustly classify sensory dysfunction under altered balance conditions. Using an EquiTest-derived dataset of 8316 labeled samples from 700 participants across six standardized sensory manipulation scenarios, the proposed method achieved 97% accuracy, 96% precision, 97% sensitivity, and 96% specificity, outperforming conventional CNN and other baseline classifiers. The approach demonstrated resilience to measurement noise down to 1 dB SNR, confirming its robustness in realistic clinical environments. These results suggest that the proposed system can serve as a practical, non-invasive tool for clinical diagnosis and personalized rehabilitation planning, supporting data-driven decision-making in stroke care.</p>","PeriodicalId":8907,"journal":{"name":"Biomimetics","volume":"10 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12467785/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145147595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing Maritime Search and Rescue Planning via Genetic Algorithms: Incorporating Civilian Vessel Collaboration.","authors":"Seung-Yeol Hong, Yong-Hyuk Kim","doi":"10.3390/biomimetics10090588","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biomimetics10090588","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study proposes a biomimetic optimization approach for maritime Search and Rescue (SAR) planning using a Genetic Algorithm (GA). The goal is to maximize the number of detected drifting targets by optimally deploying both official and civilian Search and Rescue Units (SRUs). The proposed method incorporates a POD-adjusted fitness function with collision-avoidance constraints and is enhanced by a greedy initialization strategy. To validate its effectiveness, we compare the GA against a baseline method (EAGD) that combines a (1 + 1)-Evolutionary Algorithm with greedy deployment, across 24 experiments involving 2 realistic maritime scenarios and 12 coverage conditions. Results show that GA consistently achieves higher average fitness and stability, particularly under stress-test settings involving only civilian vessels. The findings underscore the potential of biomimetic algorithms for real-time, flexible, and scalable SAR planning, while highlighting the value of civilian participation in emergency maritime operations.</p>","PeriodicalId":8907,"journal":{"name":"Biomimetics","volume":"10 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12467627/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145147623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photothermal Porous Material with Gradient Hydrophobicity for Fast and Highly Selective Oil/Water Separation and Crude Oil Recovery.","authors":"Tianwen Wang, Song Song, Shiwen Bao, Yanfeng Gong, Yujue Wang, Chuncai Wang, Wenshao Ma, Nuo Liu, Kunyan Sui, Jun Gao, Xueli Liu","doi":"10.3390/biomimetics10090585","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biomimetics10090585","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oil spills and oily wastewater discharges have posed severe threats to the ecosystem and human health, yet efficient cleanup and recovery remain huge challenges. The absorption of crude oil is especially difficult due to its high viscosity. In this study, we propose a strategy for the fast and highly selective absorption of crude oil as well as other oils and organic solvents with variable viscosity by combining the desert beetle's back-inspired gradient hydrophobicity with the photothermal effect to enhance the absorption rate. The oil-absorbent material was prepared through the alkylsilane-based gradient chemical modification of MXene-polyurethane sponges. The hydrophobic gradient across the composite sponge offers an extra driving force for the selective oil wetting in the sponge. Owing to the synergistic effect between gradient wettability and photothermal heating, a faster absorption rate, in addition to the high separation rate, was achieved for a variety of oils, including thick crude oil, thin crude oil, and light diesel oil, compared to that without gradient wettability. The as-prepared material is robust with good repeatability for the oil absorption. The surface silane modification was also demonstrated to help prevent the oxidation of MXene, facilitating the long-term stability of the material. This study will enlighten the development of fast and highly selective liquid absorbents.</p>","PeriodicalId":8907,"journal":{"name":"Biomimetics","volume":"10 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12467646/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145147563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micro-CT and Histomorphometric Analysis of Degradability and New Bone Formation of Anodized Mg-Ca System.","authors":"Jihyun Kim, Yoona Jung, Yong-Seok Lee, Seong-Won Choi, Geelsu Hwang, Kwidug Yun","doi":"10.3390/biomimetics10090583","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biomimetics10090583","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The surface treatments and various magnesium alloys are applied to improve the fast degradation rate and resulting negative effects of magnesium alloys. This study aimed to assess the effect of anodic oxidation treatment of magnesium-calcium (Mg-Ca) systems by creating artificial bone defects in the tibia of rats. The cylinder magnesium implants were fabricated using a Mg-xCa (x = 0, 1, 5 wt.%) binary alloy. Degradability and new bone formation were observed at two and six weeks using micro-CT. Histomorphometric parameters were evaluated with Goldner's trichrome staining. The degradation rate decreased depending on the amount of calcium added. The parameters related to bone formation revealed an increasing pattern depending on the addition of calcium, anodic oxidation, and time. The amount of absorbed magnesium to assess degradability of magnesium implants by the histomorphometric analysis revealed a high value in the untreated group at two and six weeks. Bone healing parameters increased depending on the amount of calcium added, anodic oxidation treatment, and region of interest (ROI-0.5 mm, 1.00 mm, 1.5 mm, and 2.0 mm). Biodegradable magnesium systems have the potential to replace bone screws and plates. Combination with calcium combined with anodization surface treatment can improve initial corrosion resistance and promote bone formation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8907,"journal":{"name":"Biomimetics","volume":"10 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12467157/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145147569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Advances in Optoelectronic Synaptic Devices for Neuromorphic Computing.","authors":"Heeseong Jang, Seohyeon Ju, Seeun Lee, Jaewoo Choi, Ungbin Byun, Kyeongjun Min, Maria Rasheed, Sungjun Kim","doi":"10.3390/biomimetics10090584","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biomimetics10090584","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We explore recent advancements in optoelectronic synaptic devices across four key aspects: mechanisms, materials, synaptic properties, and applications. First, we discuss fundamental working principles, including oxygen vacancy ionization, defect trapping, and heterojunction-based charge modulation, which contribute to synaptic plasticity. Next, we examine the role of 0D, 1D, and 2D materials in optimizing device performance, focusing on their unique electronic, optical, and mechanical properties. We then analyze synaptic properties such as excitatory post-synaptic current (EPSC), visual adaptation, transition from short-term to long-term plasticity (STP to LTP), nociceptor-inspired responses, and associative learning mechanisms. Finally, we highlight real-world applications, including artificial vision systems, reservoir computing for temporal data processing, adaptive neuromorphic computing for exoplanet detection, and colored image recognition. By consolidating recent developments, this paper provides insights into the potential of optoelectronic synaptic devices for next-generation computing architectures, bridging the gap between optics and neuromorphic engineering.</p>","PeriodicalId":8907,"journal":{"name":"Biomimetics","volume":"10 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12467574/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145147605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical Characterization of 3D-Printed Scaffolds: A Multi-Objective Optimization Approach Using Virtual Testing and Homogenization.","authors":"Pablo I León, Uwe Muhlich, Pedro C Aravena, Gabriela Martínez","doi":"10.3390/biomimetics10090580","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biomimetics10090580","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A method to characterize the mechanical properties of cellular materials manufactured using 3D printing, specifically employing the fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique, is developed. Numerical simulations, virtual testing, and optimization based on genetic algorithms are combined in this approach to determine the anisotropic properties of the material, which are essential for biomedical applications such as tissue engineering. Homogenization using representative unit cells enabled the calculation of orthotropic properties, including elastic moduli (E1, E2, E3), Poisson's ratios (ν12, ν13 and ν23), and shear moduli (G12, G13, G23). These results validated the virtual tests using an L-shaped beam model, based on a known state of displacements and stresses. In the virtual test of the FDM model, a significant correlation with experimental results was observed, confirming the material's anisotropy and its influence on deformations and stresses. Meanwhile, the effective medium test demonstrated over 95% agreement between simulated and experimental values, validating the accuracy of the proposed constitutive model. The optimization process, based on multi-objective genetic algorithms, allowed the determination of the material's mechanical properties through controlled iterations, achieving a strong correlation with the results obtained from the homogenization model. These findings present a new approach for characterizing and optimizing 3D-printed materials using FDM techniques, providing an efficient and reliable method for applications in tissue engineering.</p>","PeriodicalId":8907,"journal":{"name":"Biomimetics","volume":"10 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12467746/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145147539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Call for Bio-Inspired Technologies: Promises and Challenges for Ecosystem Service Replacement.","authors":"Kristina Wanieck, M Alex Smith, Elizabeth Porter, Jindong Zhang, Dave Dowhaniuk, Andria Jones, Dan Gillis, Mark Lipton, Marsha Hinds Myrie, Dawn Bazely, Marjan Eggermont, Mindi Summers, Christina Smylitopoulos, Claudia I Rivera Cárdenas, Emily Wolf, Peggy Karpouzou, Nikoleta Zampaki, Heather Clitheroe, Adam Davies, Anibal H Castillo, Michael Helms, Karina Benessaiah, Shoshanah Jacobs","doi":"10.3390/biomimetics10090578","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biomimetics10090578","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ecosystem services are crucial for animals, plants, the planet, and human well-being. Decreasing biodiversity and environmental destruction of ecosystems will have severe consequences. Designing technologies that could support, enhance, or even replace ecosystem services is a complex task that the Manufactured Ecosystems Project team considers to be only achievable with transdisciplinarity, as it unlocks new directions for designing research and development systems. One of these directions in the project is bio-inspiration, learning from natural systems as the foundation for manufacturing ecosystem services. Using soil formation as a case study, text-mining of existing scientific literature reveals a critical gap: fewer than 1% of studies in biomimetics address soil formation technological replacement, despite the rapid global decline in natural soil formation processes. The team sketches scenarios of ecosystem collapse, identifying how bio-inspired solutions for equitable and sustainable innovation can contribute to climate adaptation. The short communication opens the discussion for collaboration and aims to initiate future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":8907,"journal":{"name":"Biomimetics","volume":"10 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12467230/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145147603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and Optimization of Hierarchical Porous Metamaterial Lattices Inspired by the Pistol Shrimp's Claw: Coupling for Superior Crashworthiness.","authors":"Jiahong Wen, Na Wu, Pei Tian, Xinlin Li, Shucai Xu, Jiafeng Song","doi":"10.3390/biomimetics10090582","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biomimetics10090582","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study, inspired by the impact resistance of the pistol shrimp's predatory claw, investigates the design and optimization of bionic energy absorption structures. Four types of bionic hierarchical porous metamaterial lattice structures with a negative Poisson's ratio were developed based on the microstructure of the pistol shrimp's fixed claw. These structures were validated through finite element models and quasi-static compression tests. Results showed that each structure exhibited distinct advantages and shortcomings in specific evaluation indices. To address these limitations, four new bionic structures were designed by coupling the characteristics of the original structures. The coupled structures demonstrated a superior balance across various performance indicators, with the EOS (Eight pillars Orthogonal with Side connectors on square frame) structure showing the most promising results. To further enhance the EOS structure, a parametric study was conducted on the distance d from the edge line to the curve vertex and the length-to-width ratio y of the negative Poisson's ratio structure beam. A fifth-order polynomial surrogate model was constructed to predict the Specific Energy Absorption (SEA), Crush Force Efficiency (CFE), and Undulation of Load-Carrying fluctuation (ULC) of the EOS structure. A multi-objective genetic algorithm was employed to optimize these three key performance indicators, achieving improvements of 1.98% in SEA, 2.42% in CFE, and 2.05% in ULC. This study provides a theoretical basis for the development of high-performance biomimetic energy absorption structures and demonstrates the effectiveness of coupling design with optimization algorithms to enhance structural performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":8907,"journal":{"name":"Biomimetics","volume":"10 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12467336/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145147536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-Strategy Honey Badger Algorithm for Global Optimization.","authors":"Delong Guo, Huajuan Huang","doi":"10.3390/biomimetics10090581","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biomimetics10090581","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Honey Badger Algorithm (HBA) is a recently proposed metaheuristic optimization algorithm inspired by the foraging behavior of honey badgers. The search mechanism of this algorithm is divided into two phases: a mining phase and a honey-seeking phase, effectively emulating the processes of exploration and exploitation within the search space. Despite its innovative approach, the Honey Badger Algorithm (HBA) faces challenges such as slow convergence rates, an imbalanced trade-off between exploration and exploitation, and a tendency to become trapped in local optima. To address these issues, we propose an enhanced version of the Honey Badger Algorithm (HBA), namely the Multi-Strategy Honey Badger Algorithm (MSHBA), which incorporates a Cubic Chaotic Mapping mechanism for population initialization. This integration aims to enhance the uniformity and diversity of the initial population distribution. In the mining and honey-seeking stages, the position of the honey badger is updated based on the best fitness value within the population. This strategy may lead to premature convergence due to population aggregation around the fittest individual. To counteract this tendency and enhance the algorithm's global optimization capability, we introduce a random search strategy. Furthermore, an elite tangential search and a differential mutation strategy are employed after three iterations without detecting a new best value in the population, thereby enhancing the algorithm's efficacy. A comprehensive performance evaluation, conducted across a suite of established benchmark functions, reveals that the MSHBA excels in 26 out of 29 IEEE CEC 2017 benchmarks. Subsequent statistical analysis corroborates the superior performance of the MSHBA. Moreover, the MSHBA has been successfully applied to four engineering design problems, highlighting its capability for addressing constrained engineering design challenges and outperforming other optimization algorithms in this domain.</p>","PeriodicalId":8907,"journal":{"name":"Biomimetics","volume":"10 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12467031/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145147564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}