Biomatter最新文献

{"title":"Highly porous drug-eluting structures: from wound dressings to stents and scaffolds for tissue regeneration.","authors":"Jonathan J Elsner,&nbsp;Amir Kraitzer,&nbsp;Orly Grinberg,&nbsp;Meital Zilberman","doi":"10.4161/biom.22838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4161/biom.22838","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For many biomedical applications, there is need for porous implant materials. The current article focuses on a method for preparation of drug-eluting porous structures for various biomedical applications, based on freeze drying of inverted emulsions. This fabrication process enables the incorporation of any drug, to obtain an \"active implant\" that releases drugs to the surrounding tissue in a controlled desired manner. Examples for porous implants based on this technique are antibiotic-eluting mesh/matrix structures used for wound healing applications, antiproliferative drug-eluting composite fibers for stent applications and local cancer treatment, and protein-eluting films for tissue regeneration applications. In the current review we focus on these systems. We show that the release profiles of both types of drugs, water-soluble and water-insoluble, are affected by the emulsion's formulation parameters. The former's release profile is affected mainly through the emulsion stability and the resulting porous microstructure, whereas the latter's release mechanism occurs via water uptake and degradation of the host polymer. Hence, appropriate selection of the formulation parameters enables to obtain desired controllable release profile of any bioactive agent, water-soluble or water-insoluble, and also fit its physical properties to the application.</p>","PeriodicalId":8891,"journal":{"name":"Biomatter","volume":"2 4","pages":"239-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4161/biom.22838","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31319251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of cryoprotectants on the porosity and stability of insulin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles after freeze-drying.","authors":"Pedro Fonte,&nbsp;Sandra Soares,&nbsp;Ana Costa,&nbsp;José Carlos Andrade,&nbsp;Vítor Seabra,&nbsp;Salette Reis,&nbsp;Bruno Sarmento","doi":"10.4161/biom.23246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4161/biom.23246","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PLGA nanoparticles are useful to protect and deliver proteins in a localized or targeted manner, with a long-term systemic delivery pattern intended to last for a period of time, depending on polymer bioerosion and biodegradability. However, the principal concern regarding these carriers is the hydrolytic instability of polymer in aqueous suspension. Freeze-drying is a commonly used method to stabilize nanoparticles, and cryoprotectants may be also used, to even increase its physical stability. The aim of the present work was to analyze the influence of cryoprotectants on nanoparticle stability and porosity after freeze-drying, which may influence protein release and stability. It was verified that freeze-drying significantly increased the number of pores on PLGA-NP surface, being more evident when cryoprotectants are added. The presence of pores is important in a lyophilizate to facilitate its reconstitution in water, although this may have consequences to protein release and stability. The release profile of insulin encapsulated into PLGA-NP showed an initial burst in the first 2 h and a sustained release up to 48 h. After nanoparticles freeze-drying the insulin release increased about 18% in the first 2 h due to the formation of pores, maintaining a sustained release during time. After freeze-drying with cryoprotectants, the amount of insulin released was higher for trehalose and lower for sucrose, glucose, fructose and sorbitol comparatively to freeze-dried PLGA-NP with no cryoprotectant added. Besides the porosity, the ability of cryoprotectants to be adsorbed on the nanoparticles surface may also play an important role on insulin release and stability.</p>","PeriodicalId":8891,"journal":{"name":"Biomatter","volume":"2 4","pages":"329-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4161/biom.23246","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31410438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Porous-based biomaterials for tissue engineering and drug delivery applications.","authors":"Hélder A Santos","doi":"10.4161/biom.23024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4161/biom.23024","url":null,"abstract":"The current research on micro- and nano-biomaterials is expected to have an enormous impact on human health care. The applications include medical devices, diagnostics, sensors, drug delivery systems, and tissue/bone engineering. Drug delivery systems should be biocompatible allowing for high payloads of drug molecules without premature drug release, be site specific for targeting delivery, and release the drug at a controlled rate reaching effective local drug concentrations with the fewest side effects possible. In addition, tissue engineering, particularly regenerative medicines, is a newly emerging field which aids and increases the repair and regeneration of deficient and injured tissues/organs. Synthetic, natural and inorganic porous-based biomaterials can be used as e.g., drug carriers and scaffolds for tissue/bone engineering therapies and for locally control the dose and duration of the release of drug molecules. Altogether, this special issue will hopefully provide knowledge on the advances and most recent porous-based biomaterials, scaffolds and other technologies intended to develop precisely tissue/bone engineered and drug delivery systems. Several examples of the methods of preparation, characterization and applications of these materials are also presented and discussed in detail in this issue. \u0000 \u0000In this special issue of Biomatter several examples of porous-based biomaterials used for tissue engineering and drug delivery applications are presented. Five special focus reviews and three special focus reports highlight and describe in detail some of the most recent methodologies and strategies to develop porous-based biomaterials for biomedical applications. The introductory original paper by Fuchigami and colleagues demonstrates that nano-sized capsular structures and ultrathin shells can be applicable as a drug carrier in magnetically guided drug delivery systems. The diameter of FePt capsules changes by adjusting the size of the silica template particles and the shell thickness (10 nm) and by adjusting the amount of FePt nanoparticles accumulated on the silica template particles. In addition, hybrid and network capsules show magnetization and are expected to exhibit superparamagnetic behavior at approximate body temperature. When lipid-coated FePt network capsules are loaded with anticancer drug, doxorubicin, the cellular toxicity increases. The second original research article by Lin and Wang presents an alginate hydrogel produced into a fibrous structure by manipulating the operating parameters in a wet-spinning system for preparation of skin wound dressings with different properties. The precise control of those operating parameters has a tremendous impact on the size of the fibers and the fibrous structure, and they also affect the performance of the dressings in terms of e.g., drug release, swelling and bacterial inhibition potential. In the third original research paper, Fonte and colleagues analyze the influence of cryoprot","PeriodicalId":8891,"journal":{"name":"Biomatter","volume":"2 4","pages":"237-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4161/biom.23024","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31319249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marine algae sulfated polysaccharides for tissue engineering and drug delivery approaches.","authors":"Tiago H Silva, Anabela Alves, Elena G Popa, Lara L Reys, Manuela E Gomes, Rui A Sousa, Simone S Silva, João F Mano, Rui L Reis","doi":"10.4161/biom.22947","DOIUrl":"10.4161/biom.22947","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biomedical field is constantly requesting for new biomaterials, with innovative properties. Natural polymers appear as materials of election for this goal due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. In particular, materials found in marine environment are of great interest since the chemical and biological diversity found in this environment is almost uncountable and continuously growing with the research in deeper waters. Moreover, there is also a slower risk of these materials to pose illnesses to humans.   In particular, sulfated polysaccharides can be found in marine environment, in different algae species. These polysaccharides don't have equivalent in the terrestrial plants and resembles the chemical and biological properties of mammalian glycosaminoglycans. In this perspective, are receiving growing interest for application on health-related fields. On this review, we will focus on the biomedical applications of marine algae sulfated polymers, in particular on the development of innovative systems for tissue engineering and drug delivery approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":8891,"journal":{"name":"Biomatter","volume":"2 4","pages":"278-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/be/53/biom-2-278.PMC3568112.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31410432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of perfusion bioreactors in bone tissue engineering.","authors":"Diana Alves Gaspar, Viviane Gomide, Fernando Jorge Monteiro","doi":"10.4161/biom.22170","DOIUrl":"10.4161/biom.22170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tissue engineering has emerged as a possible alternative to current treatments for bone injuries and defects. However, the common tissue engineering approach presents some obstacles to the development of functional tissues, such as insufficient nutrient and metabolite transport and non-homogenous cell distribution. Culture of bone cells in three-dimensional constructs in bioreactor systems is a solution for those problems as it improves mass transport in the culture system. For bone tissue engineering spinner flasks, rotating wall vessels and perfusion systems have been investigated, and based on these, variations that support cell seeding and mechanical stimulation have also been researched. This review aims at providing an overview of the concepts, advantages and future applications of bioreactor systems for bone tissue engineering with emphasis on the design of different perfusion systems and parameters that can be optimized.</p>","PeriodicalId":8891,"journal":{"name":"Biomatter","volume":"2 4","pages":"167-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/bb/a6/biom-2-167.PMC3568103.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31319244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infection of orthopedic implants with emphasis on bacterial adhesion process and techniques used in studying bacterial-material interactions.","authors":"Marta Ribeiro, Fernando J Monteiro, Maria P Ferraz","doi":"10.4161/biom.22905","DOIUrl":"10.4161/biom.22905","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Staphylococcus comprises up to two-thirds of all pathogens in orthopedic implant infections and they are the principal causative agents of two major types of infection affecting bone: septic arthritis and osteomyelitis, which involve the inflammatory destruction of joint and bone. Bacterial adhesion is the first and most important step in implant infection. It is a complex process influenced by environmental factors, bacterial properties, material surface properties and by the presence of serum or tissue proteins. Properties of the substrate, such as chemical composition of the material, surface charge, hydrophobicity, surface roughness and the presence of specific proteins at the surface, are all thought to be important in the initial cell attachment process. The biofilm mode of growth of infecting bacteria on an implant surface protects the organisms from the host immune system and antibiotic therapy. The research for novel therapeutic strategies is incited by the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This work will provide an overview of the mechanisms and factors involved in bacterial adhesion, the techniques that are currently being used studying bacterial-material interactions as well as provide insight into future directions in the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":8891,"journal":{"name":"Biomatter","volume":"2 4","pages":"176-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/78/62/biom-2-176.PMC3568104.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31319246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial extracellular matrices composed of collagen I and high sulfated hyaluronan modulate monocyte to macrophage differentiation under conditions of sterile inflammation.","authors":"Jennifer Kajahn,&nbsp;Sandra Franz,&nbsp;Erik Rueckert,&nbsp;Inka Forstreuter,&nbsp;Vera Hintze,&nbsp;Stephanie Moeller,&nbsp;Jan C Simon","doi":"10.4161/biom.22855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4161/biom.22855","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Integration of biomaterials into tissues is often disturbed by unopposed activation of macrophages. Immediately after implantation, monocytes are attracted from peripheral blood to the implantation site where they differentiate into macrophages. Inflammatory signals from the sterile tissue injury around the implanted biomaterial mediate the differentiation of monocytes into inflammatory M1 macrophages (M1) via autocrine and paracrine mechanisms. Suppression of sustained M1 differentiation is thought to be crucial to improve implant healing. Here, we explore whether artificial extracellular matrix (aECM) composed of collagen I and hyaluronan (HA) or sulfated HA-derivatives modulate this monocyte differentiation. We mimicked conditions of sterile tissue injury in vitro using a specific cytokine cocktail containing MCP-1, IL-6 and IFNγ, which induced in monocytes a phenotype similar to M1 macrophages (high expression of CD71, HLA-DR but no CD163 and release of high amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12 and TNFα). In the presence of aECMs containing high sulfated HA this monocyte to M1 differentiation was disturbed. Specifically, pro-inflammatory functions were impaired as shown by reduced secretion of IL-1β, IL-8, IL-12 and TNFα. Instead, release of the immunregulatory cytokine IL-10 and expression of CD163, both markers specific for anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages (M2), were induced. We conclude that aECMs composed of collagen I and high sulfated HA possess immunomodulating capacities and skew monocyte to macrophage differentiation induced by pro-inflammatory signals of sterile injury toward M2 polarization suggesting them as an effective coating for biomaterials to improve their integration.</p>","PeriodicalId":8891,"journal":{"name":"Biomatter","volume":"2 4","pages":"226-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4161/biom.22855","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31319250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) core + poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) shell nanoparticle system.","authors":"Aaron M Kosinski,&nbsp;Jamie L Brugnano,&nbsp;Brandon L Seal,&nbsp;Frances C Knight,&nbsp;Alyssa Panitch","doi":"10.4161/biom.22494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4161/biom.22494","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is a popular material used to prepare nanoparticles for drug delivery. However, PLGA nanoparticles lack desirable attributes including active targeting abilities, resistance to aggregation during lyophilization, and the ability to respond to dynamic environmental stimuli. To overcome these issues, we fabricated a nanoparticle consisting of a PLGA core encapsulated within a shell of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide). Dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscope imaging were used to characterize the nanoparticles, while an MTT assay and ELISA suggested biocompatibility in THP1 cells. Finally, a collagen type II binding assay showed successful modification of these nanoparticles with an active targeting moiety.</p>","PeriodicalId":8891,"journal":{"name":"Biomatter","volume":"2 4","pages":"195-201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4161/biom.22494","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31319247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Size-tunable drug-delivery capsules composed of a magnetic nanoshell.","authors":"Teruaki Fuchigami,&nbsp;Yoshitaka Kitamoto,&nbsp;Yoshihisa Namiki","doi":"10.4161/biom.22617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4161/biom.22617","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nano-sized FePt capsules with two types of ultrathin shell were fabricated using a template method for use in a nano-scale drug delivery system. One capsule was composed of an inorganic-organic hybrid shell of a water-soluble polymer and FePt nanoparticles, and the other capsule was composed of a network of fused FePt nanoparticles. We demonstrated that FePt nanoparticles selectively accumulated on the polymer molecules adsorbed on the template silica particles, and investigated the morphologies of the particle accumulation by changing the concentration of the polymer solution with which the template particles were treated. Capsular size was reduced from 340 to less than 90 nm by changing the size of the silica template particles, and the shell thickness was controlled by changing the amount of FePt nanoparticles adsorbed on the template particles. The hybrid shell was maintained by the connection of FePt nanoparticles and polymer molecules, and the shell thickness was 10 nm at the maximum. The FePt network shell was fabricated by hydrothermal treatment of the FePt/polymer-modified silica composite particles. The FePt network shell was produced from only the FePt alloy, and the shell thickness was 3 nm. Water-soluble anti-cancer drugs could be loaded into the hollow space of FePt network capsules, and lipid-coated FePt network capsules loaded with anti-cancer drugs showed cellular toxicity. The nano-sized capsular structure and the ultrathin shell suggest applicability as a drug carrier in magnetically guided drug delivery systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":8891,"journal":{"name":"Biomatter","volume":"2 4","pages":"313-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4161/biom.22617","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31410434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of operating parameters on the drug release and antibacterial performances of alginate fibrous dressings prepared by wet spinning.","authors":"Hsin-Yi Lin,&nbsp;Hsin-Wei Wang","doi":"10.4161/biom.22817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4161/biom.22817","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wet spinning was used to manufacture fibrous alginate hydrogel wound dressings. Samples manufactured using varied operating parameters (decreased air pressure and calcium concentration or increased nozzle diameter and alginate concentration) were compared with the control samples. The changes in the fiber size, Young's modulus, swelling ratio, fetal bovine serum (BSA) release efficacy, water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) and bacterial inhibition potential due to alterations of the operating parameters were measured. The samples manufactured using altered operating parameters had larger fiber sizes (p < 0.05) and lower Young's moduli (p < 0.05). The changes in swelling ratios, BSA release efficacies, WVTR and bacterial inhibition potential showed a significant dependence on the degree of calcium crosslinking of the hydrogel and on how tightly the fibers were bound with one another. By manipulating the operating parameters in the wet-spinning system, wound dressings with different properties were successfully made.</p>","PeriodicalId":8891,"journal":{"name":"Biomatter","volume":"2 4","pages":"321-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4161/biom.22817","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31410436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}