Biomeditsinskaya khimiya最新文献

{"title":"The amino acid profile in metabolic syndrome and related conditions: a review.","authors":"D S Provotorov, N L Rendakov, L A Lysenko","doi":"10.18097/PBMCR1671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18097/PBMCR1671","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Current data on characteristic changes in the amino acid profile of plasma and urine as an integral metabolic indicator of key stages of metabolic dysfunction have been summarized. At different stages of metabolic dysfunction, including insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, as well as associated conditions (cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney disease) both universal and specific (characteristic of specific pathologies) amino acid patterns are formed. The degree of independent contribution of amino acids to pathogenesis and the clinical applicability of individual amino acid metabolites have not been fully studied. Combined profiles and amino acid ratios, reflecting the early manifestations of metabolic pathologies, demonstrate the greatest potential. Amino acid profiling is considered a promising research tool that requires further validation, standardization, and clarification of its mechanisms before possible implementation in routine clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":8889,"journal":{"name":"Biomeditsinskaya khimiya","volume":"72 4","pages":"241-254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148905065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of neuroprotector isatin on haloperidolinduced catalepsy and proteomic profile of mice brain.","authors":"O A Buneeva, I G Kapitsa, M G Zavyalova, S A Kaloshina, V G Zgoda, A E Medvedev","doi":"10.18097/PBMCR1718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18097/PBMCR1718","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Isatin (indol-2,3-dione) is an endogenous regulator found in humans and animals. It interacts with numerous target proteins and exhibits a wide range of biological activities, including neuroprotective action in animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD) induced by administration of neurotoxins MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridine) or rotenone. An antipsychotic drug haloperidol, which impairs neurotransmitter balance in the nigrostriatal pathway, models dopamine deficiency and promotes the development of motor disorders characteristic of PD. In this work, the effect of two doses of isatin (10 mg/kg and 80 mg/kg) on the haloperidol catalepsy and on the proteomic profile of mice brain was investigated. The pretreatment of animals with isatin (1 h before haloperidol administration) reduced the occurrence of haloperidol catalepsy. The administration of haloperidol and also isatin with haloperidol influenced the relative content of a number of proteins associated with PD and other neurodegenerative diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":8889,"journal":{"name":"Biomeditsinskaya khimiya","volume":"72 4","pages":"267-278"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148905057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selenium and vitamin D3 as potential predictive biomarkers of alcohol dependence syndrome severity: a case-control study.","authors":"N Yu Rusetskaya, A V Zasorin, E A Voronina, N Yu Loginova, E P Pokrovskaya, Yu S Chesovskikh, Yu A Fomina, M E Trostyansky","doi":"10.18097/PBMCR1689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18097/PBMCR1689","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Currently, clinicians use a number of laboratory tests, including aminotransferase activity, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and mean corpuscular volume for monitoring patients with alcohol dependence. However, they have low sensitivity and specificity. The relationship between decreased vitamin D3 levels and the severity of alcohol dependence has been found in a number of studies. The aim of this study was to determine biochemical parameters, including dopamine, selenium, and vitamin D3 levels, in the blood of patients with alcohol dependence syndrome (ADS) to assess their prognostic value. A case-control study was conducted using 50 patients with ADS, divided by age (young and mature) and 20 age-matched healthy volunteers. Fifteen blood biochemical parameters were analyzed using photometric methods, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry detection. In addition, we used the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and the Beck's Depression Inventory. The study utilized analytical and descriptive statistics via Statistics forWindows v. 10.0. All patients had mild cognitive impairment (22-26 points on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment), depression (11-14 points on the Beck's Depression Inventory), and decreased vitamin D3 level (< 20 ng/ml). Vitamin D3 concentration had a positive correlation with dopamine levels (rs = 0.46; p = 0.0376) in young patients with ADS and a positive correlation with selenium levels in patients of all ages: in the general group of patients (rs = 0.48; p = 0.0004), in young (rs = 0.47; p = 0.0327) and mature (rs = 0.49; p = 0.0071) patients with ADS. The results of the binary logistic regression model showed a high predictive value of vitamin D3 deficiency with two covariates: blood selenium level (odds ratio (OR) = 24.62; 95%CI = 3.432; 269.8; likelihood ratio 10.3; p = 0.0002) and the result of the Beck's Depression Inventory (OR = 8.500; 95%CI = 1.957; 31.88). Therefore, vitamin D3 deficiency and/or selenium deficiency in patients with ADS may be associated with impaired dopamine neurotransmission, accompanied by depression and cognitive dysfunction, and determination of vitamin D3 and selenium in the blood will allow to developing an algorithm for monitoring patients with alcohol dependence in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":8889,"journal":{"name":"Biomeditsinskaya khimiya","volume":"72 4","pages":"279-286"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148905041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antitumor activity of high-density lipoproteins and their use for targeted drug delivery.","authors":"O N Poteryaeva, N V Trifonova, I F Usynin","doi":"10.18097/PBMCR1720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18097/PBMCR1720","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Blood levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) are significantly inversely correlated with the risk of numerous malignancies and overall mortality in most tumor types. This review focuses on the antitumor role of HDL and its main protein component, apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I). The association of HDL/apoA-I with various cancer types and the probable mechanisms of their antitumor action, including cholesterol removal from tumor cells, modulation of the tumor microenvironment, and involvement in the regulation of oncogenic signaling pathways, are discussed. The identified high expression of the SR-B1 receptor in tumor cells supports the use of HDL and its synthetic analogs (apoA-I mimetics) as a platform for the targeted delivery of antitumor agents. Using various tumor models, it has been demonstrated that the use of these plasma components for targeted drug delivery enhanced their antitumor effect and reduced side effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":8889,"journal":{"name":"Biomeditsinskaya khimiya","volume":"72 4","pages":"255-266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148905062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tryptophan-kynurenine pathway dysregulation and its association with inflammatory biomarkers.","authors":"K M Gharab, M A Bik, D E Onmaz, S Abusoglu, A Unlu","doi":"10.18097/PBMCE0050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18097/PBMCE0050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study we have evaluated a potential value of tryptophan (Trp) and kynurenine pathway (KP) metabolites as biomarkers in different types of acute inflammation and investigated their possible association with classical inflammatory markers (CRP, ESR, and WBC). The study included 100 patients with elevated inflammatory parameters and 50 healthy controls. Chromatographic separation and analysis of samples were performed in positive electrospray ionization mode using a LC-MS/MS API 3200 device. We found that Trp levels decreased significantly in the patient groups, while levels of kynurenine (KYN) and kynurenic acid (KYNA) increased significantly. The Trp/KYN ratio was reduced considerably in the presence of inflammation. Moderate positive correlations were found between KP metabolites and CRP, ESR, and WBC values. It was observed that KP activity increased independently of the source of inflammation. The findings suggest that KP metabolites alone are not definitive for diagnosing inflammation but can serve as complementary biomarkers reflecting the biological severity of inflammation and the immune-metabolic response. Assessing Trp metabolism, particularly when combined with classical markers, can contribute to the molecular understanding of inflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8889,"journal":{"name":"Biomeditsinskaya khimiya","volume":"72 4","pages":"287-295"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148905013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between iron status biomarkers and metabolic-endocrine parameters including insulin resistance, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and vitamin D3 in young women.","authors":"M M Fadil, N K Zaidan","doi":"10.18097/PBMCE0054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18097/PBMCE0054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Iron metabolism has emerged as a potential regulator of metabolic and endocrine pathways, particularly in female health disorders. However, its role as a biological mediator linking insulin resistance, thyroid function, and vitamin D status remains insufficiently explored. The study aimed to analyze the role of iron status as a biological mediator in the pathogenesis of metabolic and hormonal disturbances, with a focus on insulin resistance, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and vitamin D3. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 88 young, non-pregnant, fasting women aged 18-30 years with untreated iron deficiency. Iron status parameters (ferritin, serum iron, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), and transferrin saturation) were evaluated alongside metabolic markers (insulin, glucose, HOMA-IR, QUICKI), as well as TSH, and vitamin D3 levels. Statistical analyses included multiple linear regression, binary logistic regression, and partial correlation controlling for age using SPSS version 28. The multiple linear regression model demonstrated a strong fit (R2 = 0.864, p < 0.001), with ferritin identified as an important independent Insulin Resistance Index (HOMA-IR) (β = -0.224, p < 0.001). Furthermore, ferritin showed a strong positive correlation with QUICKI (r = +0.76), indicating improved insulin sensitivity. Partial correlation analysis confirmed a strong independent association between ferritin and HOMA-IR (r = -0.803, p < 0.001), in addition to vitamin D3 (r = 0.781, p < 0.001). No significant relationship was observed between iron profile and TSH (p > 0.05). Logistic regression achieved perfect classification but was unstable due to complete separation. Iron status, particularly ferritin, plays a central role in metabolic dysregulation and may act as a biological mediator in insulin resistance and vitamin D metabolism. These findings highlight the importance of iron homeostasis in female health disorders and suggest potential pathways for targeted intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":8889,"journal":{"name":"Biomeditsinskaya khimiya","volume":"72 4","pages":"296-302"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148905077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AFM visualization of immobilized horseradish peroxidase during its catalytic cycle.","authors":"I A Ivanova, M O Ershova, A V Kolesnichenko, A I Archakov, T O Pleshakova","doi":"10.18097/PBMCR1698","DOIUrl":"10.18097/PBMCR1698","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Using atomic force microscopy (AFM), the heights of individual horseradish peroxidase (HRP) molecules were determined at different stages of the catalytic cycle of this enzyme (I-IV). The HRP heights were determined in two buffer systems: Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline (PBSD) (pH 7.2) and citrate-phosphate buffer (CPB) (pH 5.0). Spectrophotometric analysis showed that the enzyme was more active in CPB. AFM data processing under these conditions revealed a tendency toward a decrease in the HRP molecule height after addition of the ABTS substrate (stage (II)). After the addition of H2O2 (stage (III)), an increase in the height was observed followed by a further decrease after the addition of the NaN3 inhibitor (stage (IV)). No such trend was observed in PBSD. The increase in the molecular height at stage (III) (in the presence of all enzyme system components) was interpreted as an evidence of the HRP activity. The proportion of molecules with the increased height at stage (III) reached 50.5% in CPB and did not exceed 14.8% in PBSD. These data support the existence of \"active\" and \"non-active\" HRP molecules in the studied sample, thus confirming the need to move from traditional biochemical \"enzyme activity\" to identifying \"active\" and \"non-active\" enzyme molecules using a fundamentally new approach of analysis of the properties of individual molecules.</p>","PeriodicalId":8889,"journal":{"name":"Biomeditsinskaya khimiya","volume":"72 3","pages":"188-197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148434820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methylene blue reduces the severity of lipopolysaccharide-induced morphological changes in microglia in rat cerebral cortex glial cell cultures.","authors":"E V Stelmashook, E E Genrikhs, M R Kapkaeva, O P Alexandrova, N K Isaev","doi":"10.18097/PBMCR1690","DOIUrl":"10.18097/PBMCR1690","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuroinflammation is a process implicated in the development of many neurodegenerative diseases. It involves microglia, astrocytes, and cytokines. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of neuroprotectors on morphology of microglial cell during lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation. Immunocytochemical detection of microglia using the IBA1 marker in glial cell cultures obtained from rat cerebral cortex revealed the presence of a significant number of microglial cells in the studied culture. In the control, microglial cells possessed a large number of processes typical of nonactivated cells. In cultures treated with LPS (10 μg/ml, 24 h), microglia had a flattened amoeboid morphology, characteristic of activated cells. Furthermore, LPS treatment also resulted in an increase in the profile field area of the cell body, while the perimeter did not increase significantly, indicating a more rounded cell body shape compared to the control. In cultures treated with methylene blue (1 μM, 24 h) in the presence of LPS, microglial cells had a larger number of processes and a smaller body profile area than microglia treated with LPS alone, and their perimeter did not differ significantly from that of control cells. In the case of menadione (1 μM, 24 h) in the presence of LPS, the cells retained an amoeboid shape, and their size did not change significantly compared to the LPS group. Microglia treated with methylene blue alone did not differ from control microglia in morphology, body profile area, or perimeter, whereas menadione caused a significant increase in the cell's body profile area and a shift in their morphology toward an activated phenotype. Methylene blue, a substance whose anti-inflammatory action is associated with Nrf2 activation, is capable of not only reducing the production of proinflammatory cytokines but also preventing the transition of microglia to the activated phenotype.</p>","PeriodicalId":8889,"journal":{"name":"Biomeditsinskaya khimiya","volume":"72 3","pages":"198-206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148434949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interaction of renalase and its peptides RP211-223 and RP224-232 with the mitochondrial fraction of rat brain: a link to neurodegeneration?","authors":"O A Buneeva, V I Fedchenko, S A Kaloshina, A A Kaloshin, V G Zgoda, A E Medvedev","doi":"10.18097/PBMCR1704","DOIUrl":"10.18097/PBMCR1704","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Renalase (RNLS) is a protein exhibiting various functions inside and outside cells. A series of synthetic peptides, corresponding to the fragments of the RNLS amino acid sequence, may reproduce the effects of the full-length RNLS. In this study we have investigated the interaction of proteins in the mitochondrial brain fraction of rats with the full-length RNLS and its peptides RP211-223 (peptide 1) and RP224-232 (peptide 2) immobilized on CNBr-activated Sepharose. Proteomic profiles of proteins bound to the full-length RNLS and its peptide RP211-223 were significantly different, whereas RP224-232 bound a small number of proteins (6), similar to those bound to the full-length RNLS. However, most proteins bound to RNLS and its peptides were multifunctional and associated with neurodegenerative pathology (Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, etc.).</p>","PeriodicalId":8889,"journal":{"name":"Biomeditsinskaya khimiya","volume":"72 3","pages":"220-229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148434952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of insulin, leptin, ghrelin, and adiponectin levels in type 2 diabetic patients receiving combined metformin-sulfonylurea therapy.","authors":"S M Hussein, N K Zaidan","doi":"10.18097/PBMCE0047","DOIUrl":"10.18097/PBMCE0047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder, which is commonly related to reduced insulin responsiveness and altered appetite-related hormones. In this study, we have evaluated how combined metformin and sulfonylurea therapy affects glycemic indicators and appetite hormones, with special focus on hormone ratios. Sixty participants were involved in the study: 30 diabetic patients receiving combined metformin-sulfonylurea therapy and 30 conditionally healthy individuals serving as controls. Fasting blood samples were collected to assess indicators of glycemic control, lipid profiles, and hormone levels using standard biochemical assays and ELISA. The patient group showed clear increases in fasting glucose, HbA1c, insulin, insulin resistance indices, lipid profile measurements, and leptin levels, whereas the levels of HDL, ghrelin, and adiponectin were markedly decreased compared with the control group (p < 0.001). The results of the study show that T2DM patients continue to have both insulin resistance and poor blood glucose control despite combined metformin-sulfonylurea therapy. Alterations in appetite hormones also reflect underlying metabolic dysregulation, and hormonal ratios, especially the leptin/adiponectin ratio, are more accurate indicators of this imbalance than individual hormone measurements.</p>","PeriodicalId":8889,"journal":{"name":"Biomeditsinskaya khimiya","volume":"72 3","pages":"230-235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148434833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}