Biomedical reports最新文献

{"title":"Chemotherapy-induced oxidative injury in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia: The role of N-acetylcysteine (Review).","authors":"Ray Sebastian Soetadji, Sandjaja Soetadji, Timothy Jonathan, Ardo Sanjaya","doi":"10.3892/br.2026.2155","DOIUrl":"10.3892/br.2026.2155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common childhood malignancy. However, intensive chemotherapy frequently leads to notable organ toxicity, much of which is mediated by treatment-induced oxidative stress. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during cytotoxic therapy contribute to tissue damage, including the liver, heart and nervous system. Current adjunctive therapies provide drug-specific protection, such as dexrazoxane for anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity, but they do not address the shared ROS-generating pathway, a common mechanism of chemotherapy-induced toxicity across multiple agents and tissues. The present narrative review synthesizes the biochemical rationale, preclinical evidence and translational considerations for N-acetylcysteine (NAC) as a redox-modulating adjunct therapy in pediatric ALL. NAC acts as a glutathione precursor, scavenges reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, chelates redox-active metals, and modulates inflammatory signaling pathways. These properties have been associated with cytoprotective effects in preclinical models of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity and oxidative injury. Available evidence suggests that NAC can reduce treatment-related toxicity without consistently compromising antitumor efficacy, although outcomes appear to be dependent on timing, dosage and treatment context. While the favorable safety, low cost and accessibility of NAC support its potential clinical utility, current evidence remains limited, particularly in pediatric ALL populations. In conclusion, NAC represents a promising but context-dependent adjunctive strategy for mitigating chemotherapy-induced toxicity in pediatric ALL. Further well-designed clinical studies are required to define its optimal use, including timing, dosing and impact on oncological outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8863,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical reports","volume":"25 1","pages":"82"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13200250/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148026406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishing a competence model in discriminating <i>Mycobacterium</i> species and <i>Mycobacterium abscessus</i> subspecies by using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.","authors":"Apisith Pichitphorn, Kiatichai Faksri, Benjawan Kaewseekhao, Chotima Potisap, Tran Duong Thai, Jukgarin Eisiri, Chadatan Juntagran, Wises Namwat, Priyakorn Khwansirikul, Kanin Salao, Suwit Chaisri, Wisitsak Phoksawat","doi":"10.3892/br.2026.2154","DOIUrl":"10.3892/br.2026.2154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a powerful laser-based technique with high sensitivity and rapid detection. The present study aimed to establish a model for distinguishing <i>Mycobacterium abscessus</i> (nontuberculous mycobacteria; NTM) from <i>M. tuberculosis</i> H37Ra (MTB-H37Ra; a nonvirulent strain) based on genomic DNA detection, as well as distinguishing <i>M. abscessus</i> subspecies <i>abscessus</i> (MAB) from <i>M. abscessus</i> subspecies <i>massiliense</i> (MMAS). OnSpec-Prime SERS chips and a portable Raman spectrometer device were used. Machine learning approaches, including linear discriminant analysis (LDA), random forest, extreme gradient boosting (XGB), and logistic regression (LR), as well as the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC) were analyzed. A competence model to distinguish NTM from MTB-H37Ra was established; MAB and MMAS were potentially differentiated. At 15 and 50 ng/µl of genomic DNA, respectively, LR demonstrated 99.74 and 99.73% accuracy in differentiating NTM from MTB-H37Ra; XGB displayed 96.25 and 92.97% accuracy in differentiating between MAB and MMAS. LDA revealed clear clustering in each group. The ROC curves showed strong performance of the XGB model across various DNA concentrations. All models achieved an excellent to perfect AUC of 0.96 to 1.00. The present study established a competence model using SERS which may represent a rapid and high-accuracy detection approach, especially in <i>M. abscessus</i> subspecies-level discrimination in clinical specimens.</p>","PeriodicalId":8863,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical reports","volume":"25 1","pages":"81"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13173614/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147961999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoding the S1P-S1PR axis in cancer: Mechanisms, pathways and therapeutic horizons (Review).","authors":"Yun-Ta Chuang, I-Hui Wu, Cheng-Fan Lee, Hsinyu Lee","doi":"10.3892/br.2026.2153","DOIUrl":"10.3892/br.2026.2153","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and its five G protein-coupled receptors (S1PR1-S1PR5) regulate a broad range of processes that shape cancer progression, including proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, immune evasion and metastatic dissemination. Under physiological conditions, this signaling axis contributes to vascular integrity, immune cell trafficking and tissue homeostasis. In cancer, however, its output is not solely determined by ligand abundances. Rather, tumors reprogram the S1P-S1PR axis at a number of levels, coupling altered S1P production with receptor-specific changes in expression, localization and the signaling state to generate context-dependent malignant phenotypes. The present review provided a receptor-resolved synthesis of S1PR functions in cancer and examined the mechanisms that underlie pathway dysregulation, including transcriptional activation, epigenetic remodeling, microRNA loss, post-translational modifications and altered receptor trafficking and compartmentalization. It further discussed how metabolic amplification of S1P availability cooperates with receptor-level rewiring to sustain tumor progression, microenvironmental remodeling and therapeutic resistance. This framework positions the S1P-S1PR axis as a dynamically reprogrammed signaling network and highlights therapeutic strategies that concurrently target S1P production and receptor-mediated signaling as promising avenues for more-precise, biomarker-informed cancer treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":8863,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical reports","volume":"25 1","pages":"80"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13172667/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147962020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between remission rate of type 2 diabetes and skeletal muscle after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.","authors":"Hironobu Takano, Yuma Ebihara, Yuki Oe, Hideyuki Wada, Takeo Nitta, Akinobu Nakamura, Toshiaki Shichinohe, Satoshi Hirano","doi":"10.3892/br.2026.2152","DOIUrl":"10.3892/br.2026.2152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bariatric surgery can contribute to weight loss and the improvement of obesity-related diseases. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is among the most frequently performed procedures worldwide, including in Japan. Skeletal muscle plays an essential role in energy metabolism and whole-body glucose homeostasis, and diabetes decreases insulin-induced glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. The present study investigated postoperative outcomes and factors related to type 2 diabetes (T2D) remission rates in LSG cases, including skeletal muscles. This retrospective study analyzed perioperative outcomes and factors associated with T2D remission after LSG, with a particular focus on skeletal muscle mass assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis. LSG was performed on 90 patients between October 2016 and February 2024. First, the perioperative outcomes and weight loss effects in these 90 patients were examined. Muscle or skeletal mass perioperative factors were compared between patients with and without T2D remission. At 6 months after surgery, the median total weight loss was 21%, and the median excess weight loss was 52%. The rate of remission and improvement of T2D was 75%. The group that showed T2D remission generally had a significantly higher skeletal muscle mass or percentage throughout the preoperative and postoperative period (P<0.05). The remission rate of T2D after LSG was favorable, and a relationship was observed between T2D remission after LSG, and skeletal muscle mass before and after surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":8863,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical reports","volume":"24 6","pages":"79"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13158835/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147925890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Roles of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor in growth regulation in 15q26 deletion and duplication syndrome.","authors":"Kexin Yu, Xin Xu, Bo Liu, Ke Zhang, Yulan Lu, Xinran Dong, Laishuan Wang, Guoqiang Cheng, Jin Wang, Wei Lu, Bingbing Wu, Huijun Wang, Feihong Luo, Wenhao Zhou, Lin Yang","doi":"10.3892/br.2026.2151","DOIUrl":"10.3892/br.2026.2151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The 15q26 deletion and duplication syndromes are rare chromosome diseases with growth deviation and structural anomalies such as facial abnormality, cardiac malformation and hand/foot/skeleton malformations. Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R), located on chromosome 15q26, is key for pre- and postnatal growth. The present study aimed to determine whether IGF1R serves as a key factor in growth regulation in 15q26 deletion and duplication syndromes. Patients with 15q26 deletions and duplications enrolled in the China Neonatal Genomes Project (CNGP) were recruited. A systematic review of 15q26 deletion and duplication cases was performed, followed by meta-analysis to evaluate the roles of IGF1R and three other genes [myocyte enhancer factor 2A (MEF2A), leucine-rich repeat kinase 1 (LRRK1) and nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group F member 2] involved in growth regulation. A total of 10 eligible patients from the CNGP, including seven with deletions and three with duplications, were identified. The literature search and screening yielded 78 patients with 15q26 deletions and 10 with 15q26 duplications. Clinical features observed in >70% of the patients in the deletion group were facial abnormalities, developmental delay, short stature and hand/foot/skeleton malformations, whereas the duplication group exhibited facial abnormality, hand/foot/skeleton malformation and speech development delay. In 15q26 deletion, three candidate genes were associated with an increased risk of short stature: IGF1R [odds ratio (OR): 8.43; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.22-32.00], LRRK1 (OR: 100.00; 95% CI: 11.86-843.23) and MEF2A (OR: 32.21; 95% CI: 3.81-272.47). In 15q26 duplication, none of the candidate genes significantly affected tall stature. Using meta-analysis, the present study revealed that IGF1R is not the only key gene responsible for growth abnormalities in 15q26 deletion and duplication syndromes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8863,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical reports","volume":"24 6","pages":"78"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13161747/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147925879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pentoxifylline in patients with COVID-19 and with liver cirrhosis or metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Emerging insights.","authors":"Miguel Ángel Jiménez-Luevano, Ana Emilia Jiménez-Partida, Miguel Angel Jiménez-Partida, Rodrigo Francisco Del Rio-Hidalgo, Alejandro Bravo-Hernández, María Martha Villaseñor-García, Alejandro Bravo-Cuellar, Georgina Hernández-Flores","doi":"10.3892/br.2026.2150","DOIUrl":"10.3892/br.2026.2150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coronavirus (CoV) disease 2019 (COVID-19) deteriorates existing hepatopathies, such as liver cirrhosis and metabolic-associated syndrome liver disease (MASLD), which in turn increases the risk of serious complications. The pathophysiology of COVID-19 includes inflammation, proinflammatory cytokine storms, oxidative stress and fibrosis. Notably, pentoxifylline (PTX) blocks nuclear factor-κB activity, thus inhibiting the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, and is an antioxidant and antifibrotic agent. The present study reported on the use of PTX in 20 patients with liver cirrhosis (13 men, 7 women) of different etiologies and in 25 patients with MASLD (16 women, 9 men) infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV-2; age range of all patients, 29-83 years. Firstly, the detection of CoV-2 was confirmed by PCR. All patients received PTX (400 mg twice daily; <i>per os</i>) for 8 weeks, alongside standard care provided for COVID-19 symptoms and for their liver condition. In all patients, the following inflammatory markers were assessed at the beginning and at the end of the study: C-reactive protein, D-dimer, ferritin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), platelet count and oxygen saturation. Statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. At the end of the study, no patient required admission to the intensive care unit and no patient fatalities were noted. Notable improvement was noted in seven of the eight inflammatory markers in both liver pathologies, and the only sole parameter that worsened was LDH. Notably, no serious adverse events were observed in these patients. In conclusion, PTX treatment was associated with favorable clinical outcomes and improved inflammatory marker levels in patients with liver cirrhosis and MASLD with COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":8863,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical reports","volume":"24 6","pages":"77"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13158840/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147925970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroprotective effects of <i>Tiliacora triandra</i> (Colebr.) Diels leaf extract against lipopolysaccharide-induced memory impairment via anti-neuroinflammation.","authors":"Napatr Sriraksa, Siwaporn Praman, Utcharaporn Kamsrijai, Arunothai Wanta, Shisanupong Anukanon, Prachak Inkaew, Thaneeya Hawiset","doi":"10.3892/br.2026.2148","DOIUrl":"10.3892/br.2026.2148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by progressive neuronal loss associated with neuroinflammation. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is used as a proinflammatory stimulus in neurodegenerative models, as it induces neuroinflammatory responses and activates microglia and astrocytes, leading to the release of cytokines [such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6] that exacerbate neuronal damage. <i>Tiliacora triandra</i>, a medicinal plant native to Southeast Asia, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The present study investigated the neuroprotective effects of <i>T. triandra</i> leaf extract (TTE) against LPS-induced memory impairment and neuroinflammation in rats. Animals were randomly divided into five treatment groups, namely a vehicle-control, vehicle plus LPS, ibuprofen plus LPS (positive control) and TTE-treated plus LPS groups receiving 200 or 400 mg/kg body weight (BW) TTE for 14 consecutive days. Starting on day 8, LPS (250 µg/kg BW) was administered intraperitoneally for 7 days to induce neuroinflammation. At the end of the treatment period, animals were sacrificed and hippocampal tissues were collected for histological and biochemical analyses. The results demonstrated that TTE significantly ameliorated LPS-induced memory deficits and sickness-like behavior. TTE treatment reduced neuroinflammatory responses, as evidenced by decreased levels of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α and IL-1β, compared with the vehicle plus LPS group. Additionally, compared with the vehicle plus LPS group, TTE treatment resulted in a reduced number of activated microglia and astrocytes, as indicated by a reduced number of positive cells of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein in the hippocampus, respectively. Furthermore, the results of the present study suggested that TTE treatment promoted neuronal survival in hippocampal regions affected by LPS administration. Overall, these findings suggested that TTE mitigated the LPS-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment, which indicates that it may have potential as a therapeutic agent for neuroinflammatory and memory-related disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":8863,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical reports","volume":"24 6","pages":"75"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13158720/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147925897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning-based identification of key genes underlying sex differences in hepatocellular carcinoma and targeted drug screening.","authors":"Zhen Wang, Jinghua Ning, Hongyuan Zhang, Qingfen Ruan, Yanhong Zhao, Run Qu, Congcong Lv, Yutong Wu, Weidong Liu, Xiaoyin Yang, Ziming Li, Yi Liang, Yuzhe Zhang","doi":"10.3892/br.2026.2147","DOIUrl":"10.3892/br.2026.2147","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) shows a marked predominance in men, yet the molecular basis for this sex disparity remains unclear. The present study leveraged multi-omics data and machine learning algorithms to identify key genes associated with sex-specific differences in HCC and to screen for putative candidate compounds, aiming to provide new insights for sex-specific therapy. The mRNA expression data of male and female patients with HCC and paracancerous tissues were obtained from the GEO and TCGA databases. To mitigate overfitting, data were partitioned into independent training and testing sets. Candidate genes were screened by differential expression analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis. A total of four complementary algorithms, random forest, support vector machines, generalized linear models and extreme gradient boosting were used to identify key genes with high predictive capability. CYP17A1 and IRX3 were identified as the top differentially expressed core genes associated with HCC in men. Pan-cancer analysis showed that CYP17A1 was lowly expressed in the majority of tumors, but significantly highly expressed in HCC, rectal adenocarcinoma and gastric cancer (P<0.001). Functional cell-based assays showed that knockout of CYP17A1 inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion ability of HCC cells (P<0.001). Immunohistochemistry showed that CYP17A1 protein expression was significantly increased in HCC tissues from male patients when compared with that in paracancerous tissues (P<0.001), whereas there was no significant difference in female patient tissues (P>0.05). Notably, while IRX3 was identified computationally, its functional role remains to be experimentally validated. Molecular docking predicted a potential interaction between the natural compound Saikosaponin A and the CYP17A1 protein, and cellular assays revealed that it dose-dependently inhibits HCC cell malignant phenotypes. The present study suggests that CYP17A1 is associated with sex differences in HCC, potentially via the androgen signaling axis. Furthermore, IRX3 emerges as a novel hypothesis-generating candidate gene. Finally, the findings of the present study highlight Saikosaponin A as a putative therapeutic candidate for male patients with HCC, warranting further target-dependency investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":8863,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical reports","volume":"24 6","pages":"74"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13158723/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147925945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective effects of <i>Perilla frutescens</i> seed oil on cognitive function, oxidative stress and acetylcholinesterase activity in a D-galactose-induced accelerated aging model in rats.","authors":"Watcharaporn Preedapirom Jeefoo, Sitthisak Thongrong, Napapan Kangwan, Sureena Pohsa, Jirayu Kangwan, Anongporn Kobroob, Rattiya Somka","doi":"10.3892/br.2026.2149","DOIUrl":"10.3892/br.2026.2149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aging-related cognitive decline is closely associated with oxidative stress, cholinergic dysfunction and hippocampal vulnerability. Perilla seed oil (PSO), a functional food rich in α-linolenic acid and antioxidant phytochemicals, may have cognitive benefits; however, its efficacy and underlying mechanisms in experimental models of accelerated aging remain insufficiently understood. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of PSO supplementation on cognitive performance and neurobiological alterations in a D-galactose (D-Gal)-induced accelerated aging model in rats. Wistar rats were injected subcutaneously with D-Gal (300 mg/kg) daily for 8 weeks and simultaneously treated orally with PSO (100 or 500 mg/kg), fish oil (500 mg/kg) or vehicle. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Morris water maze and novel object recognition tests. Oxidative stress markers, including malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, were assessed in the hippocampus. Neuronal cell density in the CA1 and CA3 regions was examined using Nissl staining. PSO supplementation significantly improved spatial memory performance and recognition memory, increased hippocampal SOD activity and reduced AChE activity compared with the D-Gal group. Although MDA and GSH levels did not differ significantly, both exhibited a tendency toward normalization. In addition, neuronal density in the CA3 region was significantly reduced in the D-Gal group compared with the control group, whereas no significant differences were observed in the CA1 region. These findings suggest that PSO attenuates D-Gal-induced cognitive impairment, which may be partially associated with enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity and modulation of cholinergic function, rather than with restoration of neuronal density. PSO may therefore represent a potential nutritional intervention for supporting cognitive function during aging-related neurobiological changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8863,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical reports","volume":"24 6","pages":"76"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13158721/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147925961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exosome-like nanoparticles from the Okinawan medicinal plant <i>Talinum fruticosum</i> exhibit subset-specific bioactivities <i>in vitro</i>: Suppression of IL-6 production and reduction of intracellular reactive oxygen species.","authors":"Yasunari Kageyama, Kazunori Namba, Yuki Akamatsu, Tomoka Ebisui, Koichi Aida, Tsutomu Nakamura","doi":"10.3892/br.2026.2145","DOIUrl":"10.3892/br.2026.2145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (ELNs) exhibit diverse physiological activities across biological kingdoms. <i>Talinum fruticosum</i> (L.) Juss., known in Okinawa as 'Shibiran', is a traditional edible medicinal plant that is considered a food-based remedy. Okinawa, one of the five globally recognized 'blue zones', is renowned for its longevity and distinctive health practices. In Okinawan culture, the boundary between food and medicine is often blurred, and medicinal plants such as <i>T. fruticosum</i> are regularly incorporated into the daily diet for their health-promoting properties. However, the biological basis of the health benefits remains poorly understood. To assess its potential pharmacological value, ELNs from <i>T. fruticosum</i> (TfELNs) were isolated and characterized, and their key biological activities were examined. TfELNs were isolated from fresh leaves via ultracentrifugation followed by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Their size and morphology were analyzed using nanoparticle tracking analysis and transmission electron microscopy. Subsequently, anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated in human THP-1 macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) using a multiplex cytokine immunoassay. Antioxidant activity was assessed in THP-1 macrophages under hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress, with intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels measured using a DCFH-DA fluorescence assay. TfELNs were identified as spherical vesicles with typical exosome-like features, and they exhibited no notable cytotoxicity, thus indicating high biocompatibility. Notably, distinct subset-specific bioactivities were observed: The B2 fraction significantly suppressed LPS-induced interleukin-6 (IL-6) production in THP-1 macrophages, whereas the B1 fraction markedly reduced ROS levels under oxidative stress. These results suggested that TfELNs may exert selective anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, highlighting their potential utility in managing IL-6-associated inflammatory and oxidative stress-related conditions. These subset-specific activities suggest a unique pharmacological profile of TfELNs that could inspire future therapeutic applications. Furthermore, these findings may partially explain the traditional medicinal value attributed to <i>T. fruticosum</i> and underscore its relevance in the ethnopharmacological context of Okinawan healthy longevity.</p>","PeriodicalId":8863,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical reports","volume":"24 6","pages":"72"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13159061/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147925925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}