Biomedical reports最新文献

{"title":"Comparative efficacy and safety of remimazolam vs. dexmedetomidine: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Rong Hu, Rongxiao Ping","doi":"10.3892/br.2026.2146","DOIUrl":"10.3892/br.2026.2146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sedation is a critical component of modern anesthesia and procedural medicine, particularly outside the operating room. Dexmedetomidine and remimazolam have emerged as prominent sedatives due to their unique pharmacological profiles. However, the comparative efficacy and safety of these agents remain incompletely understood, especially regarding recovery times and adverse events. In the present study, a systematic review and meta-analysis as performed following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Cochrane Library and Scopus from inception until March 2025. The eligible studies compared the sedation efficacy, safety and recovery time of the dexmedetomidine group with the remimazolam group. Data extraction was independently conducted by two reviewers using a standardized data collection form. The methodological quality of observational studies was assessed using the Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies-of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool, while randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 (RoB 2.0) tool. Meta-analyses were conducted using random-effects models, and heterogeneity was evaluated through prediction interval analysis and sensitivity testing. A total of 9 studies were included, 4 of which were RCTs and judged to have low risk of bias across all domains. The remaining 5 observational studies, with most rated as having moderate risk of bias and 1 study rated as serious due to confounding and outcome measurement concerns. The forest plot analysis revealed that there was no statistically significant difference in the sedation efficacy between the dexmedetomidine group and the remimazolam group [standardized mean difference (SMD), 0.049; 95% confidence interval (CI), -0.101 to 0.198; P=0.523]. However, the remimazolam group consistently demonstrated significantly shorter full alertness times compared with the exmedetomidine group (SMDs ranging from -0.511 to -1.852, all P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the overall risk of adverse events between the two groups [odds ratio (OR), 1.509; 95% CI, 0.246-9.153; P=0.654]; however, the subgroup analysis showed that the risk of arrhythmia in the dexmedetomidine group was significantly higher than that in the remimazolam group (OR, 2.152; 95% CI, 1.158-3.999; P=0.015). In conclusion, both dexmedetomidine and remimazolam achieved similar sedation success rates, indicating no significant difference in procedural efficacy. However, remimazolam was associated with significantly faster recovery times and a lower risk of arrhythmia, making it particularly attractive for short-duration or outpatient procedures where rapid emergence and hemodynamic stability are prioritized.</p>","PeriodicalId":8863,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical reports","volume":"24 6","pages":"73"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13159053/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147925933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive clinicopathological evaluation of malignant localized gingival enlargements in the Thai population.","authors":"Dulyapong Rungraungrayabkul, Pawat Sripodok, Tawepong Arayapisit, Natchalee Srimaneekarn, Nakarin Kitkumthorn, Vichaya Neeranadpuree, Watjanee Amornwatcharapong, Supawit Hempornwisarn, Sirikorn Amornwikaikul, Puangwan Lapthanasupkul","doi":"10.3892/br.2026.2144","DOIUrl":"10.3892/br.2026.2144","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Malignant localized gingival enlargements (LGEs) are rare and often clinically mimic reactive or benign lesions, creating diagnostic challenges. The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and origins of malignant LGEs, assess clinicopathological diagnostic concordance, and identify the distinction of clinical features in a Thai population. A total of 96 malignant LGEs diagnosed over a 40-year period were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic data, clinical characteristics, and clinical and pathological diagnoses were collected. Malignant LGEs were categorized by origin, and diagnostic concordance was evaluated. Clinical features were compared between epithelial and non-epithelial malignant LGEs, and a decision tree model was constructed to identify predictive factors. Epithelial (60.4%) and non-epithelial (39.6%) malignant LGEs indicated a comparable distribution. Non-epithelial lesions demonstrated substantially lower diagnostic concordance and were frequently misdiagnosed as reactive or benign conditions. Significant differences between groups were observed in age (P=0.004), surface texture (P=0.003), color (P=0.014), and location (P=0.044). Decision tree analysis identified age (P=0.018) and surface texture (P=0.03) as key predictors of non-epithelial malignant LGEs. Non-epithelial malignant LGEs are particularly prone to clinical misdiagnosis. Lesions occurring in younger patients, notably those with smooth surface texture, should raise suspicion for non-epithelial malignancy and prompt timely biopsy and referral. These findings may aid clinicians in improving early recognition of malignant LGEs.</p>","PeriodicalId":8863,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical reports","volume":"24 6","pages":"71"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13159060/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147925958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prophylactic effects of <i>Acanthopanax senticosus</i> Harms on the development of colitis in mice.","authors":"Yutaka Kawano, Dai Tsuchida, Hiromichi Furutaka, Yasushi Sato, Syed Taufiqul Islam, Yusuke Takahashi, Katsuji Marukawa, Yoshihito Kurashige, Masato Saitoh, Toru Mizoguchi, Hideo Takekoshi, Hidekatsu Takeda, Maki Tanaka","doi":"10.3892/br.2026.2143","DOIUrl":"10.3892/br.2026.2143","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (UC), comprises chronic relapsing inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Although the acute dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced murine colitis model does not reproduce chronic human IBD, it reflects acute colonic epithelial injury and superficial mucosal inflammation, which are more characteristic of UC than of Crohn's disease. Therefore, the present study investigated whether the root extract of <i>Acanthopanax senticosus</i> Harms (ASH) exerts a prophylactic effect in an acute DSS-induced experimental colitis model in mice. Mice were fed a chow diet containing 5% ASH for 28 days, followed by water containing 3% DSS for 7 days to induce acute colitis. After DSS administration, mice fed the ASH diet exhibited significant inhibition of colon shortening and a reduction in clinical disease severity compared with the control group. Furthermore, the elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers in the serum were mitigated. Mechanistically, ASH pretreatment was associated with reduced NADPH oxidase 2 expression, relative restoration of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 expression and increased Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase expression in the colon. These findings suggested that ASH pretreatment attenuated acute DSS-induced experimental colitis by alleviating mucosal inflammation and restoring redox homeostasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8863,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical reports","volume":"24 6","pages":"70"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13112344/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Platelet-rich plasma in the management of diabetic foot ulcers (Review).","authors":"Andrei-Alexandru Tomac, Cătălin Mircea Coșarcă, Cristian Trâmbițaș, Dorin Constantin Dorobanțu, Mihaela Pertea, Raluca Tilinca, Cosmin Carasca, Gergo Raduly, Maria Gabriela Rezmuves, Mariana Cornelia Tilinca","doi":"10.3892/br.2026.2142","DOIUrl":"10.3892/br.2026.2142","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetes mellitus represents a major global health concern, frequently complicated by chronic, non-healing wounds such as diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). These ulcers are a leading cause of morbidity, impaired quality of life and limb amputation among individuals with diabetes. The impaired healing capacity observed in DFUs results from persistent inflammation, ischemia and a deficiency of local growth factors, which together hinder effective tissue regeneration. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), an autologous or allogeneic concentrate of platelets, fibrin, cytokines and leukocytes, has been proposed as a biologically active adjunct capable of accelerating tissue regeneration. The present study performed a narrative review of clinical trials and comparative studies assessing PRP therapy compared with the standard of care (SOC) in the treatment of DFUs. Across the reviewed literature, PRP demonstrated higher complete healing rates and a shorter time-to-closure compared with the SOC. In addition, a reduction in infection rates, pain intensity and ulcer recurrence was consistently reported, with minimal adverse effects. Both autologous and allogeneic PRP preparations were effective, and no major difference was observed between topical application and perilesional injection. In conclusion, PRP therapy represents a safe and promising option for enhancing wound healing in patients with DFUs. However, the lack of standardized preparation protocols and heterogeneous study methodologies underscores the need for well-designed, multicenter randomized trials to confirm these findings and to establish optimal treatment parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":8863,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical reports","volume":"24 6","pages":"69"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13093009/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subtype-specific associations between serum lipid profiles and disease severity in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.","authors":"Lu Cao, Gang Chen, Jing Zhou, Hai Huang, Aoling Xu, Ting Zhan, Yan Zhao, Hongtao Liu","doi":"10.3892/br.2026.2141","DOIUrl":"10.3892/br.2026.2141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder. Notably, the differences in lipid metabolism between bulbar- and limb-onset subtypes of ALS remain unclear, particularly in non-Western populations. The present study investigated serum lipid profiles in a Chinese cohort of patients with ALS to explore their associations with disease severity and clinical subtypes. A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted, involving 158 patients with ALS and 62 matched healthy controls. Serum lipid parameters, including total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), small dense LDL cholesterol (sdLDL-c), apolipoprotein A-1 (ApoA1), apolipoprotein B (ApoB) and the TG/HDL ratio, were compared between the groups. Correlation analyses and multivariable linear regression models incorporating phenotype x lipid interaction terms were conducted after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index and disease duration. Patients with ALS exhibited significantly higher TC, TG, LDL, sdLDL-c, ApoA1, ApoB and TG/HDL ratios than controls. Subtype-specific analyses revealed different associations; in bulbar-onset ALS, higher sdLDL-c and TG/HDL ratios were associated with better functional status, whereas higher HDL and ApoA1 levels were negatively correlated with functional status. By contrast, in limb-onset ALS, higher sdLDL-c and ApoB levels were associated with worse function. Interaction analyses confirmed significant phenotype modification for sdLDL-c, TG/HDL ratio, HDL and ApoA1. These results suggest that lipid-severity relationships in ALS vary by subtype, indicating metabolic heterogeneity across phenotypes and supporting the potential of specific lipid parameters as exploratory markers for disease monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":8863,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical reports","volume":"24 6","pages":"68"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13092997/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors associated with respiratory disturbance index higher than apnea-hypopnea index in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.","authors":"Sitta Suntrawanichakul, Watchara Boonsawat, Sittichai Khamsai, Kittisak Sawanyawisuth","doi":"10.3892/br.2026.2139","DOIUrl":"10.3892/br.2026.2139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polysomnography, used for diagnosing obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), is commonly available with a home sleep apnea test (HSAT) and in-laboratory polysomnography. In-laboratory polysomnography, the gold standard test, is expensive and has a long waitlist, whereas HSATs are inexpensive and sensitive but may not adequately detect respiratory effort-related arousal (RERA), the presence of which results in a higher respiratory disturbance index (RDI) than the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and may indicate more severe OSA. In certain patients, identifying factors associated with a higher RDI than AHI may decrease the need for full polysomnography. The present retrospective analytical study of adult patients with OSA diagnosed by in-laboratory polysomnography aimed to evaluate factors associated with a higher RDI than AHI. Factors associated with a higher RDI than AHI were computed via multivariable logistic regression analysis. Of 72 patients with OSA, 27 (37.50%) had an RDI higher than AHI. There were five factors in the predictive model for RDI higher than AHI: Age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, body mass index (BMI) and snoring, tired, observed apnea, high blood pressure, body mass index, age, neck circumference, and gender score. Only BMI was independently associated with a higher RDI than AHI [adjusted odds ratio, 1.10 (95% confidence interval: 1.01, 1.19)] and a BMI of 26.03 kg/m² had a sensitivity of 81.48% and a specificity of 33.33% in detecting higher RDI than AHI. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of BMI for RDI higher than AHI was 60.66% (95% confidence interval: 46.53%, 74.78%). Although the area under the ROC curve had modest predictive ability, patients with suspected OSA with a BMI of 26.03 kg/m² may require in-laboratory polysomnography, whereas other patients may be tested via HSAT.</p>","PeriodicalId":8863,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical reports","volume":"24 5","pages":"66"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13077269/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147688000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Syntaxin1A in synaptopathies: From molecular mechanisms to therapeutic implications in neurological disorders (Review).","authors":"Yating Huang, Jun Xi, Baoling Su, Peipei Wang, Cuimei Xie, Yifan Yuan, Xiaoping Yin, Bing Bao","doi":"10.3892/br.2026.2138","DOIUrl":"10.3892/br.2026.2138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Syntaxin1A (STX1A) is a presynaptic membrane protein that is abundantly expressed in the central nervous system. It is a key member of the soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor attachment protein receptor protein family. Notably, STX1A acts as a 'molecular hub' in neural networks by regulating presynaptic membrane fusion with synaptic vesicles and the subsequent release of neurotransmitters. In addition to this function, STX1A is crucial for neuronal development, synaptic plasticity, and ion channel regulation. The deficiency or variation of <i>STX1A</i> not only directly disrupts neurotransmitter transmission but also contributes to pathological processes in neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, autism spectrum disorder, and ischemic stroke by interfering with excitatory-inhibitory balance, inducing neuroinflammation, and triggering neuronal apoptosis. The present review summarizes the structure and physiological functions of STX1A, highlights its mechanisms in the pathogenesis of various neurological diseases, and examines its potential as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for these diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":8863,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical reports","volume":"24 5","pages":"65"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13082830/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147697420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research progress in the role and mechanism of GALNT3 in human diseases (Review).","authors":"Linhong Su, Yongxiu Lin, Xiaoxia Hu, Zhen Liu","doi":"10.3892/br.2026.2137","DOIUrl":"10.3892/br.2026.2137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Protein glycosylation is a crucial post-translational modification. Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 3 (GALNT3) is a glycosyltransferase that plays an essential role in various human diseases by modifying proteins, including fibroblast growth factor 23 and mucins. In non-tumor conditions, mutations in GALNT3 result in hyperphosphatemia in familial tumoral calcinosis, and its dysregulation has been linked to coronary artery disease. Notably, GALNT3 plays a seemingly opposing role in influenza A virus infection by potentially aiding early viral replication, and later exerting antiviral effects. In cancer, the functions of GALNT3 vary by context: it acts as a tumor suppressor in lung cancer but promotes tumor progression in colorectal and ovarian cancer. GALNT3 plays a context-dependent, dual role by exerting both tumor-suppressive and tumor-promoting functions in specific subtypes of pancreatic and breast cancers. This duality is influenced by the tissue environment, substrate specificity, and regulatory networks. Therefore, GALNT3 is emerging as a promising biomarker and therapeutic target across different pathological conditions owing to its pivotal role in disease processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8863,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical reports","volume":"24 5","pages":"64"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13082825/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147697273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacological treatment patterns, factors associated with glycemic control, and renal function parameters in a real-world cohort of Hispanic adults with type 2 diabetes.","authors":"Janet Diaz-Martinez, Carlos Duran, Michelle Hospital, Gustavo A Hernández-Fuentes, Fabian Rojas-Larios, Laura Kallus, Jessica Mancilla, Aydeivis Jean-Pierre, Ale Barthe, Yoel Madruga-Reyes, Lazaro Parra-Vidal, Eric Wagner, Zoran Bursac, Osval A Montesinos-López, Iván Delgado-Enciso","doi":"10.3892/br.2026.2140","DOIUrl":"10.3892/br.2026.2140","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) disproportionately affects Hispanic populations, yet real-world treatment patterns and factors associated with glycemic control in this group are poorly characterized. Optimal glycemic control is essential to reduce complications. A cross-sectional study of 1,397 Hispanic adults with T2DM was conducted in a community primary care clinic. Demographic characteristics, comorbidities, pharmacological regimens, glycemic control (HbA1c) and renal function parameters [estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio] were extracted from electronic medical records. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify factors independently associated with optimal glycemic control [glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≤7%]. Overall, 59.6% of patients received glucose-lowering medications, with metformin being the most frequently prescribed agent. Monotherapy with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, or metformin was associated with the highest rates of glycemic control (≥85% achieving HbA1c ≤7%). Insulin and sulfonylurea use were associated with poorer glycemic and renal profiles, likely reflecting confounding by indication, as these agents were preferentially prescribed to patients with more advanced disease. The association between SGLT2 inhibitor use and lower eGFR similarly appeared to reflect targeted prescribing in patients with renal impairment. In multivariable analysis, female sex [adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 3.25] and frequent specialist visits (aOR 8.27) were independently associated with optimal glycemic control, whereas insulin and sulfonylurea use were independently associated with lower odds of achieving HbA1c ≤7%. In the current real-world Hispanic cohort, pharmacological patterns were strongly influenced by clinical complexity. These findings provide insight into diabetes management and factors associated with glycemic control in an underserved population receiving care in a community-based setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":8863,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical reports","volume":"24 5","pages":"67"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13077263/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147687939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ALDH5A1 as a key in osteonecrosis of the femoral head: Insights from bioinformatics and experimental validation.","authors":"Tianyu Ren, Qingfa Qin, Li Pang, Xifan Zheng, Junpu Huang, Jinzhi Meng, Yue Qiu, Zeming Li, Jun Yao","doi":"10.3892/br.2026.2136","DOIUrl":"10.3892/br.2026.2136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study aims to identify key genes and elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH), with the goal of discovering effective diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Microarray data were sourced from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the Limma method. Feature genes were selected through Support Vector Machine, Random Forest and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator algorithms. Diagnostic performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Functional enrichment and immune infiltration analyses were performed. Experimental validation included RT-qPCR, western blotting and immunofluorescence in ONFH bone tissue. Additionally, a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network was constructed using Cytoscape (v3.10.1). A total of 51 DEGs were identified, comprising 33 downregulated and 18 upregulated genes. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 5 family member A1 (ALDH5A1) consistently emerged as a key gene across all machine learning models, demonstrating high diagnostic value according to ROC analysis. Enrichment analysis indicated that ALDH5A1-related DEGs were predominantly involved in 'Toll-like receptor signaling', 'RIG-like receptor signaling', 'Leishmania infection' and 'Cytosolic DNA sensing'. Immune analysis revealed associations between ONFH and HLA/MHC-I molecules, neutrophils and regulatory T cells, with ALDH5A1 showing a negative correlation with activated CD4⁺ memory T cells. Experimental validation confirmed significant downregulation of ALDH5A1 in ONFH samples. Overall, ALDH5A1 represents a promising prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for ONFH. The interaction between immune cells and the ceRNA network may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of ONFH, providing valuable insights for molecular mechanisms and clinical intervention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":8863,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical reports","volume":"24 5","pages":"63"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13040433/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147607465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}