Biomedical reports最新文献

{"title":"Agarwood essential oil inhalation exerts antianxiety and antidepressant effects via the regulation of Glu/GABA system homeostasis.","authors":"Canhong Wang,&nbsp;Bao Gong,&nbsp;Yangyang Liu,&nbsp;Deli Chen,&nbsp;Yulan Wu,&nbsp;Jianhe Wei","doi":"10.3892/br.2023.1598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2023.1598","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Depression and anxiety are common diseases that endanger the physical and mental health of individuals. Agarwood incense inhalation has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine for relaxation and to improve sleep for centuries. In a previous study by the authors it was demonstrated that agarwood essential oil (AEO) injection exerted anxiolytic and antidepressant effects. Therefore the present study further investigated the anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of AEO inhalation on anxiolytic mice induced by M-chlorophenylpiperazine and depressive mice induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress. The results demonstrated that AEO exerted a significant anxiolytic effect, whereby autonomous movements were inhibited during the light dark exploration test and open field test. Furthermore, the tail suspension test and the forced swimming test demonstrated that AEO also exerted an antidepressant effect, whereby the immobility times were decreased. Moreover, AEO was determined to increase the levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor (GABA_A) and glutamate (Glu) in anxiolytic mice and inhibit the levels of GABA_A and Glu in depressive mice. Further investigations into how AEO affected the Glu/GABA system demonstrated that AEO markedly increased the protein expression levels of GABA transaminase (GABAT), glutamate metabotropic receptor 5 (GRM5), glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 1 (GluR1) and vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGluT1). Furthermore, AEO reduced the expression levels of GABAT, glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B and GRM5, and enhanced the expression levels of GluR1 and VGluT1. These results demonstrated that AEO potentially possesses antianxiety and antidepressant properties. The present study determined that the mechanism was related to the regulation of Glu/GABA neurotransmitter system homeostasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8863,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical reports","volume":"18 2","pages":"16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/75/6b/br-18-02-01598.PMC9892967.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10707847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes of nicotinic modulation on markers of intestinal IgA antibody response.","authors":"Jorge Emmanuel Carrizales-Luna,&nbsp;Aldo Arturo Reséndiz-Albor,&nbsp;Ivonne Maciel Arciniega-Martínez,&nbsp;Modesto Gómez-López,&nbsp;Rafael Campos-Rodríguez,&nbsp;Judith Pacheco-Yépez,&nbsp;Maria Elisa Drago-Serrano","doi":"10.3892/br.2022.1595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2022.1595","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acetylcholine (ACh), as a ligand of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), plays a key role in the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway; however, its role in the immunoglobulin A (IgA) response remains unknown. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the role of ACh in the intestinal biomarkers involved in IgA synthesis and the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) involved in IgA transcytosis. Groups of mice were administered GTS-21 (an α7nAChR agonist) or mecamylamine (a non-selective nAChR antagonist) intraperitoneally for 7 days. Intestinal fluids were used for antibody concentration assessment by ELISA, cell suspensions from Peyer's patches and the lamina propria were obtained for flow cytometric analysis of plasma cells, and CD4⁺ T-cells expressing intracellular transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and IgA-producing interleukin (IL)-4, -5, -6 and -10, and isolated epithelial cells to determine the levels of pIgR mRNA using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Regarding to the untreated control group, the concentration of IgA was reduced in the mecamylamine group and unaltered in the GTS-21 group while IgM levels exhibited no differences; the percentage of IgA⁺ plasma cells from Peyer's patches and the lamina propria, and the percentage of TGF-β⁺/CD4⁺ T-cells from Peyer's patches were greater in the GTS-21-group. In both treatment groups, the percentages of IgM⁺ plasma cells and IL-6⁺/IL-10⁺ CD4⁺ T cells were greater in both compartments; pIgR mRNA expression levels decreased in epithelial cells. The percentage of IL-4 CD4⁺ T-cells were greater in Peyer's patches and lower in the lamina propria in the mecamylamine group, and the percentage of IL-5 CD4⁺ T-cells in the lamina propria were decreased in both treatment groups. These findings require further examination to address the impact of cholinergic modulation on IgA-transcytosis via pIgR. The present study may be an experimental reference for clinical trials that address the role of nicotinic system in intestinal dysfunctions as postoperative ileus.</p>","PeriodicalId":8863,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical reports","volume":"18 2","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/60/eb/br-18-02-01595.PMC9813800.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10526878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological effects of extracorporeal shockwave therapy in tendons: A systematic review.","authors":"Daniela Poenaru,&nbsp;Miruna Ioana Sandulescu,&nbsp;Delia Cinteza","doi":"10.3892/br.2022.1597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2022.1597","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extracorporeal shockwave therapy was initially used for kidney stone disintegration and its application was then extended to calcific tendinitis. The therapeutic field expanded and included numerous types of tendinopathies, from shoulder to plantar fascia. The clinical benefits were documented in trials and the effects and mechanisms were studied on models including animal and human tendons. The present systematic review outlines a large spectrum of biological effects. First, an optimal dose is adapted for each species and each tendon; exceeding the optimal dose may lead to structural injury. Furthermore, the biological effects may be grouped into neovascularization induction, cellularity and extracellular matrix changes, metalloprotease and cytokine modulation, as well as lubricin production. As a result, the remodeled tendon displays improved biomechanical properties to resist stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":8863,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical reports","volume":"18 2","pages":"15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ec/42/br-18-02-01597.PMC9845689.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10572324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioinformatics analysis of key biomarkers for bladder cancer.","authors":"Wentao Liu,&nbsp;Yuxin Xu,&nbsp;Shengbin Bai,&nbsp;Libin Liao","doi":"10.3892/br.2022.1596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2022.1596","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most prevalent genitourinary cancers. Despite the growing research interest in BC, the molecular mechanisms underlying its carcinogenesis remain poorly understood. The microarray datasets GSE38264 and GSE61615 obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were analyzed and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, which were then verified using a dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). By taking the intersection of the two microarray datasets, the common DEGs were identified and these were selected as candidate genes associated with BC. The DEGs were further subjected to Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis, and the protein-protein interaction network was constructed. Further module analysis was performed using STRING and Cytoscape. A total of 362 DEGs were identified, including 13 hub genes, and the GO analysis revealed that these genes were mainly enriched in extracellular matrix organization, positive regulation of cell proliferation, angiogenesis and peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation. The expression changes of PTPRC, PDGFRA, CASQ2, TGFBI, KLRD1 and MT1X in the different datasets indicated that these genes were involved in the development of BC. Next, the differential expression of these genes was verified in the TCGA dataset, and ultimately, these 13 genes were determined to be related to the occurrence and development of BC. Finally, the cancer tissues and adjacent tissues of patients with BC were collected and subjected to reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, the results of which were consistent with the bioinformatics prediction. The present findings provide several vital genes for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of BC.</p>","PeriodicalId":8863,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical reports","volume":"18 2","pages":"14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f0/56/br-18-02-01596.PMC9813473.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10535889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two weeks of high glucose intake is enough to induce intestinal mucosal damage and disturb the balance of the gut microbiota of rats.","authors":"Cunyun Min,&nbsp;Tingting Fu,&nbsp;Wei Tan,&nbsp;Tingting Wang,&nbsp;Yu Du,&nbsp;Xuhui Huang","doi":"10.3892/br.2022.1591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2022.1591","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High glucose plays a critical role in diabetes. However, the point when high glucose induces diabetes and the organ that triggers the initiation of diabetes remain to be elucidated. The aim of the present study was to clarify the damage induced on different organs of rats, when administered a 2-week infusion of dietary glucose. SD rats (12 weeks old) were randomly divided into normal diet, high glucose infusion (IHG) and oral high glucose (OHG) groups. The levels of fasting blood sugar, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 were assessed. Intestine, kidney and liver samples were collected for pathological examination. Feces were collected from the rats for gut microbiota assessment. The results indicated that short-term high glucose induced hyperglycemia that lasted for at least 2 weeks after cessation of high glucose intake. Short-term high glucose also clearly increased the serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α, led to jejunum mucosa injury and obvious steatosis in hepatocytes, and disturbed the balance of the gut microbiota. OHG led to swelling and necrosis of individual intestinal villi. IHG led to the necrosis and disappearance of cells in the upper layer of the intestinal mucosa. The lesions were confined to the mucosa. A degree of glomerular cell swelling and apoptosis were also observed. Short-term high glucose intake induced lesions in the liver, kidney and intestine, disturbed the balance of the gut microbiota and may consequently induce diabetes complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":8863,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical reports","volume":"18 1","pages":"9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/6e/61/br-18-01-01591.PMC9764048.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10497604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute and long‑term psychiatric symptoms associated with COVID‑19 (Review).","authors":"Ramona L Păunescu,&nbsp;Ioana V Miclu Ia,&nbsp;Olivia Roşu Verişezan,&nbsp;Bianca D Crecan-Suciu","doi":"10.3892/br.2022.1586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2022.1586","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) started spreading at the end of 2019 and despite the immediate actions of various governments with strict control, more and more individuals became infected daily. Due to the uncertainty and insecurity that still exists around this pandemic, there is an acute need for information and knowledge of what severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection entails. Respiratory and other physical symptoms received most of the medical attention, however, infected patients were also at risk for developing psychiatric and mental health disorders, such as depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbances. Available research reports a so-called 'post-COVID-19 syndrome', which refers to new and/or persistent signs and symptoms for over 12 weeks, following SARS. The aim of the present review was to provide a general overview of the psychiatric symptoms developed during SARS-CoV-2 infection and their long-term outcome, highlighting that, through follow-up with surviving patients it was revealed that some of the psychiatric symptoms of COVID-19 persisted for a long time after discharge and were also associated with negative effects on global functioning and lower quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":8863,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical reports","volume":"18 1","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9756282/pdf/br-18-01-01586.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10419823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors of left ventricular hypertrophy in obstructive sleep apnea.","authors":"Sittichai Khamsai,&nbsp;Thanachai Sanlung,&nbsp;Panita Limpawattana,&nbsp;Jarin Chindaprasirt,&nbsp;Watchara Boonsawat,&nbsp;Songkwan Silaruks,&nbsp;Kittisak Sawanyawisuth","doi":"10.3892/br.2022.1588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2022.1588","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) are both related to major cardiovascular diseases. Previous studies have indicated that, compared with non-OSA, OSA is related to LVH with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.70 (95% CI: 1.44-2.00), particularly in patients with coronary artery disease. Meta-analysis has revealed that the severity of OSA is significantly associated with left ventricular mass compared with non-OSA controls. There is, however, limited data on the risk factors of LVH in patients with OSA. The present study aimed to assess the prevalence and clinical factors that are predictive of LVH in patients with OSA. A retrospective analysis of adult patients diagnosed with OSA who had undergone echocardiography was performed. LVH defined by echocardiography indicated an enlarged LV mass index. Clinical factors predictive of LVH were assessed using multivariate logistic regression analyses. An unadjusted OR and an adjusted OR with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were determined. During the study period, 130 patients met the study criteria, with an LVH prevalence of 27.69% (36 patients). The final predictive model of LVH comprised six factors: Age, sex, unrefreshed sleep, body mass index, systolic blood pressure and apnea-hypopnea index. Only age was independently associated with LVH, with an adjusted OR of 1.048 (95% CI: 1.002-1.096). The prevalence rate of LVH in patients with OSA was 27.69%. Older age was independently related to LVH in patients with OSA.</p>","PeriodicalId":8863,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical reports","volume":"18 1","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9755921/pdf/br-18-01-01588.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10785838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent approaches on Huntington's disease (Review).","authors":"Anastasia Marina Palaiogeorgou,&nbsp;Eleni Papakonstantinou,&nbsp;Rebecca Golfinopoulou,&nbsp;Markezina Sigala,&nbsp;Thanasis Mitsis,&nbsp;Louis Papageorgiou,&nbsp;Io Diakou,&nbsp;Katerina Pierouli,&nbsp;Konstantina Dragoumani,&nbsp;Demetrios A Spandidos,&nbsp;Flora Bacopoulou,&nbsp;George P Chrousos,&nbsp;Elias Eliopoulos,&nbsp;Dimitrios Vlachakis","doi":"10.3892/br.2022.1587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2022.1587","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by severe motor, cognitive and psychiatric symptoms. Patients of all ages can present with a dysfunction of the nervous system, which leads to the progressive loss of movement control and disabilities in speech, swallowing, communications, etc. The molecular basis of the disease is well-known, as HD is related to a mutated gene, a trinucleotide expansion, which encodes to the huntingtin protein. This protein is linked to neurogenesis and the loss of its function leads to neurodegenerative disorders. Although the genetic cause of the disorder has been known for decades, no effective treatment is yet available to prevent onset or to eliminate the progression of symptoms. Thus, the present review focused on the development of novel methods for the timely and accurate diagnosis of HD in an aim to aid the development of therapies which may reduce the severity of the symptoms and control their progression. The majority of the therapies include gene-silencing mechanisms of the mutated huntingtin gene aiming to suppress its expression, and the use of various substances as drugs with highly promising results. In the present review, the latest approaches on the diagnosis of HD are discussed along with the need for genetic counseling and an up-to-date presentation of the applied treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":8863,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical reports","volume":"18 1","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e2/24/br-18-01-01587.PMC9756286.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10419822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunostimulatory effects of a subcritical water extract of <i>Ganoderma</i>.","authors":"Koji Hattori,&nbsp;Hiroshi Takagi,&nbsp;Yuichiro Ogata,&nbsp;Takaaki Yamada,&nbsp;Hiroki Horiba,&nbsp;Kousuke Fukata,&nbsp;Tsutomu Sakaida,&nbsp;Youichi Yashiro,&nbsp;Seiji Hasegawa,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Tanaka","doi":"10.3892/br.2022.1583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2022.1583","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Ganoderma</i>, a medicinal mushroom with various physiological activities, has been extensively investigated regarding its effectiveness. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of a subcritical water extract of <i>Ganoderma</i> (SWEG) on the immune system. The use of subcritical water with a higher temperature and pressure than hot water allows efficient elution of components from natural products. As an evaluation of the effectiveness of SWEG, a cell proliferation and a cell differentiation test were carried out using A-6 cells, a model of hematopoietic stem cells. Furthermore, an oral administration test in mice was conducted to examine the effects of SWEG on the number and function of immune cells. As a result, SWEG was revealed to promote both self-renewal and differentiation into immune cells such as T cells and natural killer (NK) cells in experiments with A-6 cells. These results were not obtained in experiments using hot water extract of <i>Ganoderma lucidum</i> and <i>Ganoderma sinense</i>. The oral administration test in mice demonstrated that SWEG increased hematopoietic precursor cells, immature B cells, and NK cells in the bone marrow, and T cells in the thymus. In addition, SWEG enhanced the immune functions in the spleen by promoting granzyme B expression and NK cell activity. SWEG was demonstrated to be a food material that acts on HSCs and regulates immunity <i>in vivo</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":8863,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical reports","volume":"18 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c1/49/br-18-01-01583.PMC9756285.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10785836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of vitamin D levels and polymorphisms in vitamin D receptor with type 2 diabetes mellitus.","authors":"Mahmoud A Alfaqih,&nbsp;Abdullah Araidah,&nbsp;Zouhair Amarin,&nbsp;Rami Saadeh,&nbsp;Othman Al-Shboul,&nbsp;Mariam Khanfar,&nbsp;Mohammed Z Allouh","doi":"10.3892/br.2022.1585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2022.1585","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a leading cause of death. The prevalence of T2DM in countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, including Jordan, is among the highest worldwide. The reason(s) behind the epidemic nature of T2DM in Jordan are unknown but warrant further exploration. Studies have indicated that T2DM could be influenced by diet and/or genetic background. Evidence suggests that numerous patients with T2DM are deficient in vitamin D. The activity of vitamin D on its target tissues may be influenced by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the vitamin D receptor (<i>VDR</i>) gene. It was therefore hypothesized that SNPs in <i>VDR</i> could modify the risk of T2DM. To test this hypothesis, 125 patients with T2DM were recruited along with 125 controls. The study subjects were genotyped for variations in rs2228570, rs1544410, rs7975232, and rs731236 SNPs in the <i>VDR</i>. The levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] were measured from the serum. The analysis revealed that reduced 25(OH)D and age were associated with the risk of T2DM (P<0.05). Moreover, under a dominant inheritance model, the GG genotype of rs2228570 was revealed to increase the risk of T2DM in univariate and multivariate analysis (P<0.05). Additionally, a chromosomal block containing the GAAG haplotype of <i>VDR</i> SNPs increased the risk of T2DM (OR=1.909; CI: 1.260-2.891; P=0.0021). Collectively, the present study revealed that low levels of serum 25(OH)D and rs2228570 of the <i>VDR</i> gene are associated with the risk of T2DM.</p>","PeriodicalId":8863,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical reports","volume":"18 1","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/35/03/br-18-01-01585.PMC9755923.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10419819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}