{"title":"Quantification of Vactosertib an Inhibitor of TGFBR1 by LC–MS/MS in Rat Plasma and Its Pharmacokinetic Profiling","authors":"Rajesh Kumar Boggavarapu, Jithendra Chimakurthy, Sathish Kumar Konidala","doi":"10.1002/bmc.6057","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bmc.6057","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Vactosertib, an inhibitor of transforming growth factor β-receptor type-1 (TGFBR1) effective in preventing tumor cell proliferation, is approved for treating various cancers by FDA. The literature revealed that no LC–MS/MS method was reported for the quantification of vactosertib. To develop a validated LC–MS/MS method for the quantification of vactosertib in rat plasma, vactosertib and cabozantinib (internal standard [IS]) were detected using Waters LC–MS/MS system in MRM positive ionization mode, with a mixture of 0.2% formic acid and acetonitrile (70:30, v/v) on an Agilent XDB C18 (50 × 2.1 mm, 5 μm) column at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. The method was validated in accordance with M10 bioanalytical method validation USFDA guidelines and applied for the determination of pharmacokinetic parameters in rat plasma. The analytes were detected at m/z 400.23 → 289.19 and m/z 502.13 → 323.07 for vactosertib, and IS, respectively. The method demonstrated a sensitivity of 1.0 ng/mL, linearity ranging from 1.0 to 1000.0 ng/mL, an <i>r</i><sup>2</sup> of 0.999, accuracy ranged between 91.60% and 100.70%, and the drug was found to be stable across all freeze–thaw cycles. The results indicated that the method was selective, accurate, and validated for quantification of vactosertib in biological fluids and pharmacokinetic profiling of vactosertib.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8861,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Chromatography","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142852366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Combination of UHPLC-QE-MS and Network Pharmacology to Reveal the Mechanism of Fufang-Duzhong-Jiangu Granules for Treating Knee Osteoarthritis","authors":"Weixiang Wang, Fei Luan, Yajun Shi, Xiaofei Zhang, Dongyan Guo, Jing Sun, Junbo Zou, Puwei Yuan","doi":"10.1002/bmc.6051","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bmc.6051","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>UHPLC-QE-MS technology and network pharmacology are used to comprehensively analyze and validate the potential mechanism of Fufang-Duzhong-Jiangu granules (FFDZ) in treating knee osteoarthritis (KOA). UHPLC-QE-MS technology and content-weighted construction of databases and screening conditions are used to obtain key component targets. CTD, Gene Cards, and DisGeNET databases are used to define KOA-related targets. Target pathways are selected through GO enrichment analysis and KEGG enrichment analysis. Additionally, a KOA rat model was established using the type II collagenase injection method. The efficacy of FFDZ on type II collagenase-induced KOA rats was evaluated through behavioral, biochemical, and histopathological assessments, and the predicted pathways were confirmed through Western blot. These results show that the rats significantly increased in knee joint diameter, decreased weight-bearing capacity of the right leg, and elevated levels of IL-6 and IL-1β in serum, all with a significance level of <i>p</i> < 0.05. Through CT and HE staining, it was shown that KOA rats exhibit distinct pathological structures. These results show that FFDZ exerts its anti-KOA effects by regulating the RAS pathway. This study found that FFDZ improves KOA in rats by inhibiting the expression of proteins related to the RAS pathway.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8861,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Chromatography","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142811702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jianhui Luo, Songshen Chen, WenYang Song, Yongtong Huang, Song Gao, Jiu Wang
{"title":"Development of a UPLC-MS/MS Method for Bioanalysis of Ethoxysanguinarine and Its Application in Pharmacokinetic Study of Ethoxysanguinarine Nanoemulsion","authors":"Jianhui Luo, Songshen Chen, WenYang Song, Yongtong Huang, Song Gao, Jiu Wang","doi":"10.1002/bmc.6055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bmc.6055","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ethoxysanguinarine (ETSG), a benzophenanthridine alkaloid, exhibits diverse biological activities, including antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-tumor effects. Despite these properties, limited research exists on ETSG in vivo pharmacokinetics due to its poor solubility and low bioavailability. In this study, we developed a rapid and specific UPLC-MS/MS method for ETSG bioanalysis. Sample preparation involved one-step protein precipitation using methanol and phellodendrine as an internal standard (IS). The Waters HSS T3 column (2.1 * 50 mm, 1.8 μM) employed a gradient elution with mobile phases A (2 mmol/L ammonium formate aqueous solution-formic acid [99.8:0.2, v/v]) and B (methanol-formic acid [99.8:0.2, v/v]). Mass analysis via Waters Q-mass spectrometer utilized positive scan mode and multiple reaction monitoring. ETSG and IS were detected at m/z 332.0 → 274.0 and 342.0 → 177.0, respectively, within 7.0 min. The method demonstrated excellent precision, accuracy, recovery, and stability, with a linear calibration curve (1.1–560 ng/mL) and strong correlation coefficient (0.9984). Successful pharmacokinetic evaluation in Sprague–Dawley rats included intravenous ETSG administration and intragastric ETSG nanoemulsion/suspension. This method enables steroidal saponin analysis from ETSG in biological samples.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8861,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Chromatography","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142764255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of CYP3A4 Variants on Methadone Metabolism In Vitro","authors":"Chen-chen Wang, Ming-lei Zhang, Yan-dan Xu, Guo-xin Hu, Jian-ping Cai, Tian Lan, Yong-feng Bai","doi":"10.1002/bmc.6056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bmc.6056","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In hepatic drug metabolism, cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes, particularly CYP3A4, catalyze the majority of drug biotransformations, accounting for over 50% of the CYP450 family's metabolic capacity. This study aimed to assess the catalytic efficiency of 22 CYP3A4 allelic variants on the in vitro oxidative metabolism of methadone. We utilized a baculovirus-insect cell expression system to produce recombinant CYP3A4 variants and subsequently assessed their catalytic activity in the <i>N</i>-demethylation of methadone. Of the 23 tested CYP3A4 allelic variants, CYP3A4*1 represents the wild type. Compared with CYP3A4*1, 12 variants displayed significantly lower intrinsic clearance of methadone, while 3 variants showed increased intrinsic clearance of methadone. Additionally, six variants demonstrated no significant difference in intrinsic clearance of methadone compared to CYP3A4*1, and one variant showed no detectable expression. Our evaluation of the enzymatic activity of CYP3A4 gene polymorphisms on methadone can aid in the personalized clinical use of methadone and facilitate the investigation into the relationship between genetic variations and clinical phenotypes.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8861,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Chromatography","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142764257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparison of Back Tuina and Oral Astragalus Methods to Enhance Immunosuppression in Rabbits and Prediction of Astragalus Targets for Immune Function Improvement","authors":"Mengyao Dai, Enshuo Fan, Ting Pan, Xuefeng Li, Mengqi Li, Qi Lu, Weizheng Wang, Xiaole Guo, Kun Shang, Xin Zhang","doi":"10.1002/bmc.6053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bmc.6053","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Back tuina massage and oral administration of astragalus are two methods used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to improve immune function. The aim of this study is to analyze the effects of tuina and orally administered astragalus on immunosuppressed rabbits using proteomics technology. Additionally, we investigate the potential mechanism of action of astragalus components on immunosuppression using an integration of network pharmacology and molecular docking technology. The findings suggested that cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression is primarily mediated through signaling pathways that include complement and coagulation cascades and chemical carcinogenesis. Immunosuppression is modulated by tuina and the oral administration of astragalus through various proteins and signaling pathways. A network pharmacology analysis indicated that quercetin, trichothecene isoflavones, and kaempferol in astragalus exhibited immunomodulatory effects. Molecular docking validation demonstrated that 15 major targets showed strong binding affinities to their respective interacting active ingredients. This trial provides references for future studies on the immune-boosting properties of tuina and oral astragalus.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8861,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Chromatography","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142764256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"UPLC Estimate of Sofosbuvir and Ledipasvir Utilizing Greenness Tool in Conjunction With an Analytical Quality by Design.","authors":"Ravinder Bairam, Kemmasaram Mahesh, Hemant Kumar Tatapudi, Shruthi Thoom","doi":"10.1002/bmc.6047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bmc.6047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ledipasvir in combination with sofosbuvir approved by regulatory bodies used to treat chronic hepatitis C. The present work investigates the design and development of a new, quick, green, and selective UPLC (ultra-performance liquid chromatography) approach to concurrently quantify sofosbuvir and ledipasvir. Optimization with Box-Behnken design paired the green analytical method and quality by design-based risk assessment. A mobile phase of 65%:35% ethanol by volume and phosphate buffer (15 mM; pH 3.0) was used, with a flow rate of 0.28 mL per minute, to achieve the best chromatographic separation. With linearities ranging from 20 to 100, 4.5-22.5 μg/mL, and R<sup>2</sup> values of 0.9999 and 0.9997, respectively, the established UPLC-PDA technique proved sensitive and specific for sofosbuvir and ledipasvir. The stability-indicating test findings demonstrate the degradation under the relevant stress conditions. The most environmentally friendly results were found when the level of environmental sustainability was evaluated using four advanced metrics: GAPI, AES, AMGS, and AGREE. Based on the findings, we came to the conclusion that the UPLC technique that was developed would be effective for the concurrent analysis of sofosbuvir and ledipasvir in tablet medication.</p>","PeriodicalId":8861,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Chromatography","volume":" ","pages":"e6047"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142765868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Review on the Analysis of Chiral Molecules as Disease Biomarkers by LC/MS.","authors":"Cemil Aydoğan, Büşra Beltekin Çakan, Ashraf Ali","doi":"10.1002/bmc.6044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bmc.6044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The chiral compounds may be biomarker candidates in human metabolism, which indicates the health status of humans. There are many applications in LC/MS that show that chiral small molecules are promising biomarkers for human diseases. Both clinical and commercial analyses of chiral metabolites are necessary due to the enantiomeric ratios of chiral molecules in biological samples may show both human health status and diseases. This review provides current and advanced LC/MS techniques for the separation and analysis of chiral molecules as disease biomarkers. In particular, sample preparation and chromatographic analysis of potential chiral biomarkers in biological samples are presented. The preparation and applications of several chiral columns used in enantiomeric separation of chiral metabolites/biomarkers by advanced LC/MS techniques are discussed. The improvement of these analyses will enable both the discovery of new chiral biomarkers and the prognosis of human diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":8861,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Chromatography","volume":" ","pages":"e6044"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142738286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparison of the Antioxidant Capacity of Cell Wall-Broken Decoction Pieces and Traditional Decoction Pieces of Astragli Radix Based on HPLC-ABTS Analytical Method.","authors":"Yonglin Ma, Yue Zhang, Yu Zhao, Jiwen Wang, Qianqian Hu, Lianlin Yang, Shuzhen Chen, Yong Diao, Hongliang Ma","doi":"10.1002/bmc.6052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bmc.6052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, an online antioxidant assay based on HPLC-ABTS was mainly developed for screening the antioxidants of flavonoids from Astragali Radix (AR), and comparing the antioxidant capacity between traditional decoction pieces (TDP) of AR and cell wall-broken decoction pieces (CDP) of AR. The experimental results showed that the overall antioxidant capacity of CDP of AR was about twice as much as that of TDP of AR, which was specifically expressed as the antioxidant capacity of the screened antioxidants extracted from CDP was equivalent to 1.9-5.1 times that of those extracted from TDP, and three antioxidants were successfully screened, which were calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside, calycosin, and formononetin. The method established in this study is characterized by high efficiency and accuracy, which can simultaneously accomplish the screening of antioxidant components and the comparison of antioxidant capacity between samples, and provides a new method for the quality evaluation of AR from the perspective of antioxidant activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":8861,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Chromatography","volume":" ","pages":"e6052"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142715245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysis of Herbal Constituents and In Vivo Pharmacokinetics of Gegen-Huangqi Decoction in Rat Plasma Using HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS and HPLC-QQQ-MS/MS.","authors":"Zhou Xu, Linwei Wang, Huan Liu, Xiaoting Tian, Yangyang Wang, Haibo Xu, Shuoji Chen, Mingcang Chen, Pei Hu, Chenggang Huang","doi":"10.1002/bmc.6046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bmc.6046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, gegen-huangqi (GH) decoction, has been employed for over 200 years, notably for its therapeutic effects in treating conditions such as atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus. Despite its long-standing use, comprehensive studies on the chemical constituents of GH and their in vivo pharmacokinetics (PK) remain limited. This study aimed to profile the bioactive compounds present in GH decoction and to explore their PK characteristics using HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Furthermore, a robust and validated analytical method was developed and applied to assess the PK of 11 plasma compounds using HPLC-QQQ-MS/MS. In total, 79 components were identified within the GH decoction. Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed distinct absorption and elimination profiles for compounds such as puerarin, daidzin, genistin, calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside, and ononin, which exhibited profiles of quick absorption and excretion. Conversely, compounds such as daidzein, formononetin, genistein, astragaloside II, astragaloside IV, and calycosin showed more complex in vivo metabolic patterns, leading to multipeak concentration-time curves. All compounds, except astragalosides II and IV, were found to undergo significant hepatic clearance. These findings provide valuable insights into the pharmacokinetic behavior of GH decoction, which lays the foundation for further quality control, pharmacological exploration, and potential clinical application of this traditional remedy.</p>","PeriodicalId":8861,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Chromatography","volume":" ","pages":"e6046"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142685710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Validated Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for the Determination of Methylophiopogonanone A in Rat Plasma and Its Application to Pharmacokinetic Study","authors":"Tiantian Xie, Yanling Hao, Yanzheng Xie","doi":"10.1002/bmc.6050","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bmc.6050","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Methylophiopogonanone A (MOA) is one of the homoisoflavonoids isolated from <i>Ophiopogon japonicus</i>, which has been demonstrated to have extensive pharmacological activities. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for the measurement of MOA in rat plasma. Methylophiopogonanone B (MOB) was used as internal standard. After precipitation with acetonitrile, the samples were separated using a Waters ACQUITY HSS T<sub>3</sub> column with 0.1% formic acid solution and acetonitrile as mobile phase. Mass detection was monitored using multiple reactions monitoring mode with precursor-to-product ion transition of <i>m/z</i> 343.2 > 135.1 for MOA and <i>m/z</i> 329.2 > 121.1 for internal standard. The assay showed good linearity over the concentration range of 1–1000 ng/mL, with correlation coefficient > 0.997. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 1 ng/mL. Acetonitrile-mediated precipitation showed high extraction efficiency (> 80%). The accuracy and precision were within the acceptable limits. MOA was demonstrated to be stable in rat plasma under the tested storage conditions. After validation, the proposed method was applied to the pharmacokinetic study of MOA in rat plasma, and the data revealed that MOA showed rapid absorption and elimination from rat plasma. The oral bioavailability of MOA in rat was 24.5%.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8861,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Chromatography","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142674942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}