Biochemical Society transactions最新文献_第8页

Safeguarding genomic integrity in beta-cells: implications for beta-cell differentiation, growth, and dysfunction. 保护β细胞基因组的完整性：对β细胞分化、生长和功能障碍的影响

IF 3.8 3区生物学

Biochemical Society transactions Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1042/BST20231519

Sneha S Varghese, Alessandro Giovanni Hernandez-De La Peña, Sangeeta Dhawan

{"title":"Safeguarding genomic integrity in beta-cells: implications for beta-cell differentiation, growth, and dysfunction.","authors":"Sneha S Varghese, Alessandro Giovanni Hernandez-De La Peña, Sangeeta Dhawan","doi":"10.1042/BST20231519","DOIUrl":"10.1042/BST20231519","url":null,"abstract":"The maintenance of optimal glucose levels in the body requires a healthy reserve of the insulin producing pancreatic beta-cells. Depletion of this reserve due to beta-cell dysfunction and death results in development of diabetes. Recent findings highlight unresolved DNA damage as a key contributor to beta-cell defects in diabetes. Beta-cells face various stressors and metabolic challenges throughout life, rendering them susceptible to DNA breaks. The post-mitotic, long-lived phenotype of mature beta-cells further warrants robust maintenance of genomic integrity. Failure to resolve DNA damage during beta-cell development, therefore, can result in an unhealthy reserve of beta-cells and predispose to diabetes. Yet, the molecular mechanisms safeguarding beta-cell genomic integrity remain poorly understood. Here, we focus on the significance of DNA damage in beta-cell homeostasis and postulate how cellular expansion, epigenetic programming, and metabolic shifts during development may impact beta-cell genomic integrity and health. We discuss recent findings demonstrating a physiological role for DNA breaks in modulating transcriptional control in neurons, which share many developmental programs with beta-cells. Finally, we highlight key gaps in our understanding of beta-cell genomic integrity and discuss emerging areas of interest.","PeriodicalId":8841,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Society transactions","volume":" ","pages":"2133-2144"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11555696/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142370891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Biogenesis of omegasomes and autophagosomes in mammalian autophagy. 哺乳动物自噬过程中的奥米加体和自噬体的生物生成。

IF 3.8 3区生物学

Biochemical Society transactions Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1042/BST20240015

Puck N Norell, Daniele Campisi, Jagan Mohan, Thomas Wollert

{"title":"Biogenesis of omegasomes and autophagosomes in mammalian autophagy.","authors":"Puck N Norell, Daniele Campisi, Jagan Mohan, Thomas Wollert","doi":"10.1042/BST20240015","DOIUrl":"10.1042/BST20240015","url":null,"abstract":"Autophagy is a highly conserved catabolic pathway that maintains cellular homeostasis by promoting the degradation of damaged or superfluous cytoplasmic material. A hallmark of autophagy is the generation of membrane cisternae that sequester autophagic cargo. Expansion of these structures allows cargo to be engulfed in a highly selective and exclusive manner. Cytotoxic stress or starvation induces the formation of autophagosomes that sequester bulk cytoplasm instead of selected cargo. This rather nonselective pathway is essential for maintaining vital cellular functions during adverse conditions and is thus a major stress response pathway. Both selective and nonselective autophagy rely on the same molecular machinery. However, due to the different nature of cargo to be sequestered, the involved molecular mechanisms are fundamentally different. Although intense research over the past decades has advanced our understanding of autophagy, fundamental questions remain to be addressed. This review will focus on molecular principles and open questions regarding the formation of omegasomes and phagophores in nonselective mammalian autophagy.","PeriodicalId":8841,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Society transactions","volume":" ","pages":"2145-2155"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11555699/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142399176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The dynamic regulatory network of phosphatidic acid metabolism: a spotlight on substrate cycling between phosphatidic acid and diacylglycerol. 磷脂酸代谢的动态调控网络：磷脂酸和二酰甘油之间的底物循环聚焦。

IF 3.8 3区生物学

Biochemical Society transactions Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1042/BST20231511

Reika Tei

{"title":"The dynamic regulatory network of phosphatidic acid metabolism: a spotlight on substrate cycling between phosphatidic acid and diacylglycerol.","authors":"Reika Tei","doi":"10.1042/BST20231511","DOIUrl":"10.1042/BST20231511","url":null,"abstract":"Mammalian cells utilize over 1000 different lipid species to maintain cell and organelle membrane properties, control cell signaling and processes, and store energy. Lipid synthesis and metabolism are mediated by highly interconnected and spatiotemporally regulated networks of lipid-metabolizing enzymes and supported by vesicle trafficking and lipid-transfer at membrane contact sites. However, the regulatory mechanisms that achieve lipid homeostasis are largely unknown. Phosphatidic acid (PA) serves as the central hub for phospholipid biosynthesis, acting as a key intermediate in both the Kennedy pathway and the CDP-DAG pathway. Additionally, PA is a potent signaling molecule involved in various cellular processes. This dual role of PA, both as a critical intermediate in lipid biosynthesis and as a significant signaling molecule, suggests that it is tightly regulated within cells. This minireview will summarize the functional diversity of PA molecules based on their acyl tail structures and subcellular localization, highlighting recent tools and findings that shed light on how the physical, chemical, and spatial properties of PA species contribute to their differential metabolic fates and functions. Dysfunctional effects of altered PA metabolism as well as the strategies cells employ to maintain PA regulation and homeostasis will also be discussed. Furthermore, this review will explore the differential regulation of PA metabolism across distinct subcellular membranes. Our recent proximity labeling studies highlight the possibility that substrate cycling between PA and DAG may be location-dependent and have functional significance in cell signaling and lipid homeostasis.","PeriodicalId":8841,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Society transactions","volume":" ","pages":"2123-2132"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11555698/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142457080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Dsc complex and its role in Golgi quality control. Dsc 复合物及其在高尔基体质量控制中的作用。

IF 3.8 3区生物学

Biochemical Society transactions Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1042/BST20230375

Yannick Weyer, David Teis

引用次数: 0

Mechanisms conferring bacterial cell wall variability and adaptivity. 赋予细菌细胞壁可变性和适应性的机制

IF 3.8 3区生物学

Biochemical Society transactions Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1042/BST20230027

Gabriel Torrens, Felipe Cava

引用次数: 0

The mRNA dynamics underpinning translational control mechanisms of Drosophila melanogaster oogenesis. 黑腹果蝇卵子发生过程中翻译控制机制的 mRNA 动力学基础

IF 3.8 3区生物学

Biochemical Society transactions Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1042/BST20231293

Livia V Bayer, Samantha N Milano, Diana P Bratu

{"title":"The mRNA dynamics underpinning translational control mechanisms of Drosophila melanogaster oogenesis.","authors":"Livia V Bayer, Samantha N Milano, Diana P Bratu","doi":"10.1042/BST20231293","DOIUrl":"10.1042/BST20231293","url":null,"abstract":"Advances in the study of mRNAs have yielded major new insights into post-transcriptional control of gene expression. Focus on the spatial regulation of mRNAs in highly polarized cells has demonstrated that mRNAs translocate through cells as mRNA:protein granules (mRNPs). These complex self-assemblies containing nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins are fundamental to the coordinated translation throughout cellular development. Initial studies on translational control necessitated fixed tissue, but the last 30 years have sparked innovative live-cell studies in several cell types to deliver a far more nuanced picture of how mRNA-protein dynamics exert translational control. In this review, we weave together the events that underpin mRNA processes and showcase the pivotal studies that revealed how a multitude of protein factors engage with a transcript. We highlight a mRNA's ability to act as a 'super scaffold' to facilitate molecular condensate formation and further moderate translational control. We focus on the Drosophila melanogaster germline due to the extensive post-transcriptional regulation occurring during early oogenesis. The complexity of the spatio-temporal expression of maternal transcripts in egg chambers allows for the exploration of a wide range of mechanisms that are crucial to the life cycle of mRNAs.","PeriodicalId":8841,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Society transactions","volume":" ","pages":"2087-2099"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11555706/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142280002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Phase separation and viral factories: unveiling the physical processes supporting RNA packaging in dsRNA viruses. 相分离和病毒工厂：揭示支持 dsRNA 病毒中 RNA 包装的物理过程。

IF 3.8 3区生物学

Biochemical Society transactions Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1042/BST20231304

Cyril J Haller, Julia Acker, A Emilia Arguello, Alexander Borodavka

{"title":"Phase separation and viral factories: unveiling the physical processes supporting RNA packaging in dsRNA viruses.","authors":"Cyril J Haller, Julia Acker, A Emilia Arguello, Alexander Borodavka","doi":"10.1042/BST20231304","DOIUrl":"10.1042/BST20231304","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding of the physicochemical properties and functions of biomolecular condensates has rapidly advanced over the past decade. More recently, many RNA viruses have been shown to form cytoplasmic replication factories, or viroplasms, via phase separation of their components, akin to numerous cellular membraneless organelles. Notably, diverse viruses from the Reoviridae family containing 10-12 segmented double-stranded RNA genomes induce the formation of viroplasms in infected cells. Little is known about the inner workings of these membraneless cytoplasmic inclusions and how they may support stoichiometric RNA assembly in viruses with segmented RNA genomes, raising questions about the roles of phase separation in coordinating viral genome packaging. Here, we discuss how the molecular composition of viroplasms determines their properties, highlighting the interplay between RNA structure, RNA remodelling, and condensate self-organisation. Advancements in RNA structural probing and theoretical modelling of condensates can reveal the mechanisms through which these ribonucleoprotein complexes support the selective enrichment and stoichiometric assembly of distinct viral RNAs.","PeriodicalId":8841,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Society transactions","volume":" ","pages":"2101-2112"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11555692/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142340437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Voltage-clamp fluorometry for advancing mechanistic understanding of ion channel mechanisms with a focus on acid-sensing ion channels. 电压钳荧光测定法促进对离子通道机制的机理认识，重点关注酸感应离子通道。

IF 3.8 3区生物学

Biochemical Society transactions Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1042/BST20240165

Eleonora Centonze, Stephan Kellenberger

引用次数: 0

Hetero-oligomeric interaction as a new regulatory mechanism for protein arginine methyltransferases. 异构体相互作用是蛋白质精氨酸甲基转移酶的一种新调控机制。

IF 3.8 3区生物学

Biochemical Society transactions Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1042/BST20240242

Angela A Bae, Y George Zheng

引用次数: 0

Coordinating BNIP3/NIX-mediated mitophagy in space and time. 在空间和时间上协调 BNIP3/NIX 介导的有丝分裂