Biochemical Society transactions最新文献_第8页

The dynamic regulatory network of phosphatidic acid metabolism: a spotlight on substrate cycling between phosphatidic acid and diacylglycerol. 磷脂酸代谢的动态调控网络：磷脂酸和二酰甘油之间的底物循环聚焦。

IF 3.8 3区生物学

Biochemical Society transactions Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1042/BST20231511

Reika Tei

{"title":"The dynamic regulatory network of phosphatidic acid metabolism: a spotlight on substrate cycling between phosphatidic acid and diacylglycerol.","authors":"Reika Tei","doi":"10.1042/BST20231511","DOIUrl":"10.1042/BST20231511","url":null,"abstract":"Mammalian cells utilize over 1000 different lipid species to maintain cell and organelle membrane properties, control cell signaling and processes, and store energy. Lipid synthesis and metabolism are mediated by highly interconnected and spatiotemporally regulated networks of lipid-metabolizing enzymes and supported by vesicle trafficking and lipid-transfer at membrane contact sites. However, the regulatory mechanisms that achieve lipid homeostasis are largely unknown. Phosphatidic acid (PA) serves as the central hub for phospholipid biosynthesis, acting as a key intermediate in both the Kennedy pathway and the CDP-DAG pathway. Additionally, PA is a potent signaling molecule involved in various cellular processes. This dual role of PA, both as a critical intermediate in lipid biosynthesis and as a significant signaling molecule, suggests that it is tightly regulated within cells. This minireview will summarize the functional diversity of PA molecules based on their acyl tail structures and subcellular localization, highlighting recent tools and findings that shed light on how the physical, chemical, and spatial properties of PA species contribute to their differential metabolic fates and functions. Dysfunctional effects of altered PA metabolism as well as the strategies cells employ to maintain PA regulation and homeostasis will also be discussed. Furthermore, this review will explore the differential regulation of PA metabolism across distinct subcellular membranes. Our recent proximity labeling studies highlight the possibility that substrate cycling between PA and DAG may be location-dependent and have functional significance in cell signaling and lipid homeostasis.","PeriodicalId":8841,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Society transactions","volume":" ","pages":"2123-2132"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11555698/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142457080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The mRNA dynamics underpinning translational control mechanisms of Drosophila melanogaster oogenesis. 黑腹果蝇卵子发生过程中翻译控制机制的 mRNA 动力学基础

IF 3.8 3区生物学

Biochemical Society transactions Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1042/BST20231293

Livia V Bayer, Samantha N Milano, Diana P Bratu

{"title":"The mRNA dynamics underpinning translational control mechanisms of Drosophila melanogaster oogenesis.","authors":"Livia V Bayer, Samantha N Milano, Diana P Bratu","doi":"10.1042/BST20231293","DOIUrl":"10.1042/BST20231293","url":null,"abstract":"Advances in the study of mRNAs have yielded major new insights into post-transcriptional control of gene expression. Focus on the spatial regulation of mRNAs in highly polarized cells has demonstrated that mRNAs translocate through cells as mRNA:protein granules (mRNPs). These complex self-assemblies containing nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins are fundamental to the coordinated translation throughout cellular development. Initial studies on translational control necessitated fixed tissue, but the last 30 years have sparked innovative live-cell studies in several cell types to deliver a far more nuanced picture of how mRNA-protein dynamics exert translational control. In this review, we weave together the events that underpin mRNA processes and showcase the pivotal studies that revealed how a multitude of protein factors engage with a transcript. We highlight a mRNA's ability to act as a 'super scaffold' to facilitate molecular condensate formation and further moderate translational control. We focus on the Drosophila melanogaster germline due to the extensive post-transcriptional regulation occurring during early oogenesis. The complexity of the spatio-temporal expression of maternal transcripts in egg chambers allows for the exploration of a wide range of mechanisms that are crucial to the life cycle of mRNAs.","PeriodicalId":8841,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Society transactions","volume":" ","pages":"2087-2099"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11555706/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142280002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Phase separation and viral factories: unveiling the physical processes supporting RNA packaging in dsRNA viruses. 相分离和病毒工厂：揭示支持 dsRNA 病毒中 RNA 包装的物理过程。

IF 3.8 3区生物学

Biochemical Society transactions Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1042/BST20231304

Cyril J Haller, Julia Acker, A Emilia Arguello, Alexander Borodavka

{"title":"Phase separation and viral factories: unveiling the physical processes supporting RNA packaging in dsRNA viruses.","authors":"Cyril J Haller, Julia Acker, A Emilia Arguello, Alexander Borodavka","doi":"10.1042/BST20231304","DOIUrl":"10.1042/BST20231304","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding of the physicochemical properties and functions of biomolecular condensates has rapidly advanced over the past decade. More recently, many RNA viruses have been shown to form cytoplasmic replication factories, or viroplasms, via phase separation of their components, akin to numerous cellular membraneless organelles. Notably, diverse viruses from the Reoviridae family containing 10-12 segmented double-stranded RNA genomes induce the formation of viroplasms in infected cells. Little is known about the inner workings of these membraneless cytoplasmic inclusions and how they may support stoichiometric RNA assembly in viruses with segmented RNA genomes, raising questions about the roles of phase separation in coordinating viral genome packaging. Here, we discuss how the molecular composition of viroplasms determines their properties, highlighting the interplay between RNA structure, RNA remodelling, and condensate self-organisation. Advancements in RNA structural probing and theoretical modelling of condensates can reveal the mechanisms through which these ribonucleoprotein complexes support the selective enrichment and stoichiometric assembly of distinct viral RNAs.","PeriodicalId":8841,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Society transactions","volume":" ","pages":"2101-2112"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11555692/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142340437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Voltage-clamp fluorometry for advancing mechanistic understanding of ion channel mechanisms with a focus on acid-sensing ion channels. 电压钳荧光测定法促进对离子通道机制的机理认识，重点关注酸感应离子通道。

IF 3.8 3区生物学

Biochemical Society transactions Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1042/BST20240165

Eleonora Centonze, Stephan Kellenberger

引用次数: 0

Human E3 ubiquitin ligases: accelerators and brakes for SARS-CoV-2 infection. 人类 E3 泛素连接酶：SARS-CoV-2 感染的加速器和制动器。

IF 3.8 3区生物学

Biochemical Society transactions Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1042/BST20230324

Jesse Pellman, Anna Goldstein, Mikołaj Słabicki

引用次数: 0

Coordinating BNIP3/NIX-mediated mitophagy in space and time. 在空间和时间上协调 BNIP3/NIX 介导的有丝分裂

IF 3.8 3区生物学

Biochemical Society transactions Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1042/BST20221364

Natalie M Niemi, Jonathan R Friedman

引用次数: 0

Hetero-oligomeric interaction as a new regulatory mechanism for protein arginine methyltransferases. 异构体相互作用是蛋白质精氨酸甲基转移酶的一种新调控机制。

IF 3.8 3区生物学

Biochemical Society transactions Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1042/BST20240242

Angela A Bae, Y George Zheng

引用次数: 0

The exocyst in context. 外囊的背景

IF 3.8 3区生物学

Biochemical Society transactions Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1042/BST20231401

Sasha Meek, Altair C Hernandez, Baldomero Oliva, Oriol Gallego

{"title":"The exocyst in context.","authors":"Sasha Meek, Altair C Hernandez, Baldomero Oliva, Oriol Gallego","doi":"10.1042/BST20231401","DOIUrl":"10.1042/BST20231401","url":null,"abstract":"The exocyst is a hetero-octameric complex involved in the exocytosis arm of cellular trafficking. Specifically, it tethers secretory vesicles to the plasma membrane, but it is also a main convergence point for many players of exocytosis: regulatory proteins, motor proteins, lipids and Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor Attachment Protein Receptor (SNARE) proteins are all connected physically by the exocyst. Despite extensive knowledge about its structure and interactions, the exocyst remains an enigma precisely because of its increasingly broad and flexible role across the exocytosis process. To solve the molecular mechanism of such a multi-tasking complex, dynamical structures with self, other proteins, and environment should be described. And to do this, interrogation within contexts increasingly close to native conditions is needed. Here we provide a perspective on how different experimental contexts have been used to study the exocyst, and those that could be used in the future. This review describes the structural breakthroughs on the isolated in vitro exocyst, followed by the use of membrane reconstitution assays for revealing in vitro exocyst functionality. Next, it moves to in situ cell contexts, reviewing imaging techniques that have been, and that ideally could be, used to look for near-native structure and organization dynamics. Finally, it looks at the exocyst structure in situ within evolutionary contexts, and the potential of structure prediction therein. From in vitro, to in situ, cross-context investigation of exocyst structure has begun, and will be critical for functional mechanism elucidation.","PeriodicalId":8841,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Society transactions","volume":" ","pages":"2113-2122"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11555703/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142387605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Using human disease mutations to understand de novo DNA methyltransferase function. 利用人类疾病突变了解 DNA 甲基转移酶的功能。

IF 3.8 3区生物学

Biochemical Society transactions Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1042/BST20231017

Willow Rolls, Marcus D Wilson, Duncan Sproul

{"title":"Using human disease mutations to understand de novo DNA methyltransferase function.","authors":"Willow Rolls, Marcus D Wilson, Duncan Sproul","doi":"10.1042/BST20231017","DOIUrl":"10.1042/BST20231017","url":null,"abstract":"DNA methylation is a repressive epigenetic mark that is pervasive in mammalian genomes. It is deposited by DNA methyltransferase enzymes (DNMTs) that are canonically classified as having de novo (DNMT3A and DNMT3B) or maintenance (DNMT1) function. Mutations in DNMT3A and DNMT3B cause rare Mendelian diseases in humans and are cancer drivers. Mammalian DNMT3 methyltransferase activity is regulated by the non-catalytic region of the proteins which contain multiple chromatin reading domains responsible for DNMT3A and DNMT3B recruitment to the genome. Characterising disease-causing missense mutations has been central in dissecting the function and regulation of DNMT3A and DNMT3B. These observations have also motivated biochemical studies that provide the molecular details as to how human DNMT3A and DNMT3B mutations drive disorders. Here, we review progress in this area highlighting recent work that has begun dissecting the function of the disordered N-terminal regions of DNMT3A and DNMT3B. These studies have elucidated that the N-terminal regions of both proteins mediate novel chromatin recruitment pathways that are central in our understanding of human disease mechanisms. We also discuss how disease mutations affect DNMT3A and DNMT3B oligomerisation, a process that is poorly understood in the context of whole proteins in cells. This dissection of de novo DNMT function using disease-causing mutations provides a paradigm of how genetics and biochemistry can synergise to drive our understanding of the mechanisms through which chromatin misregulation causes human disease.","PeriodicalId":8841,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Society transactions","volume":" ","pages":"2059-2075"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11555716/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142493963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Progress towards understanding risk factor mechanisms in the development of autism spectrum disorders. 在了解自闭症谱系障碍发病的风险因素机制方面取得进展。

IF 3.8 3区生物学

Biochemical Society transactions Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1042/BST20231004

Amelia Bryers, Cheryl A Hawkes, Edward Parkin, Neil Dawson

{"title":"Progress towards understanding risk factor mechanisms in the development of autism spectrum disorders.","authors":"Amelia Bryers, Cheryl A Hawkes, Edward Parkin, Neil Dawson","doi":"10.1042/BST20231004","DOIUrl":"10.1042/BST20231004","url":null,"abstract":"Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a heterogenous set of syndromes characterised by social impairment and cognitive symptoms. Currently, there are limited treatment options available to help people with ASD manage their symptoms. Understanding the biological mechanisms that result in ASD diagnosis and symptomatology is an essential step in developing new interventional strategies. Human genetic studies have identified common gene variants of small effect and rare risk genes and copy number variants (CNVs) that substantially increase the risk of developing ASD. Reverse translational studies using rodent models based on these genetic variants provide new insight into the biological basis of ASD. Here we review recent findings from three ASD associated CNV mouse models (16p11.2, 2p16.3 and 22q11.2 deletion) that show behavioural and cognitive phenotypes relevant to ASD. These models have identified disturbed excitation-inhibition neurotransmitter balance, evidenced by dysfunctional glutamate and GABA signalling, as a key aetiological mechanism. These models also provide emerging evidence for serotoninergic neurotransmitter system dysfunction, although more work is needed to clarify the nature of this. At the brain network level, prefrontal cortex (PFC) dysfunctional connectivity is also evident across these models, supporting disturbed PFC function as a key nexus in ASD aetiology. Overall, published data highlight the utility and valuable insight gained into ASD aetiology from preclinical CNV mouse models. These have identified key aetiological mechanisms that represent putative novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of ASD symptoms, making them useful translational models for future drug discovery, development and validation.","PeriodicalId":8841,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Society transactions","volume":" ","pages":"2047-2058"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11555714/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142103969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0