Biochemical Society transactions最新文献_第10页

Technology to the rescue: how to uncover the role of transposable elements in preimplantation development. 技术拯救：如何揭示转座元件在植入前发育中的作用。

IF 3.8 3区生物学

Biochemical Society transactions Pub Date : 2024-06-26 DOI: 10.1042/BST20231262

Lauryn A Deaville, Rebecca V Berrens

引用次数: 0

Nucleosomal asymmetry: a novel mechanism to regulate nucleosome function. 核小体不对称：调节核小体功能的新机制

IF 3.8 3区生物学

Biochemical Society transactions Pub Date : 2024-06-26 DOI: 10.1042/BST20230877

Devisree Valsakumar, Philipp Voigt

{"title":"Nucleosomal asymmetry: a novel mechanism to regulate nucleosome function.","authors":"Devisree Valsakumar, Philipp Voigt","doi":"10.1042/BST20230877","DOIUrl":"10.1042/BST20230877","url":null,"abstract":"Nucleosomes constitute the fundamental building blocks of chromatin. They are comprised of DNA wrapped around a histone octamer formed of two copies each of the four core histones H2A, H2B, H3, and H4. Nucleosomal histones undergo a plethora of posttranslational modifications that regulate gene expression and other chromatin-templated processes by altering chromatin structure or by recruiting effector proteins. Given their symmetric arrangement, the sister histones within a nucleosome have commonly been considered to be equivalent and to carry the same modifications. However, it is now clear that nucleosomes can exhibit asymmetry, combining differentially modified sister histones or different variants of the same histone within a single nucleosome. Enabled by the development of novel tools that allow generating asymmetrically modified nucleosomes, recent biochemical and cell-based studies have begun to shed light on the origins and functional consequences of nucleosomal asymmetry. These studies indicate that nucleosomal asymmetry represents a novel regulatory mechanism in the establishment and functional readout of chromatin states. Asymmetry expands the combinatorial space available for setting up complex sets of histone marks at individual nucleosomes, regulating multivalent interactions with histone modifiers and readers. The resulting functional consequences of asymmetry regulate transcription, poising of developmental gene expression by bivalent chromatin, and the mechanisms by which oncohistones deregulate chromatin states in cancer. Here, we review recent progress and current challenges in uncovering the mechanisms and biological functions of nucleosomal asymmetry.","PeriodicalId":8841,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Society transactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11346421/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141080347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Making the leap from technique to treatment - genetic engineering is paving the way for more efficient phage therapy. 从技术到治疗的飞跃--基因工程正在为更有效的噬菌体疗法铺平道路。

IF 3.8 3区生物学

Biochemical Society transactions Pub Date : 2024-06-26 DOI: 10.1042/BST20231289

Jessica M Lewis, Joshua Williams, Antonia P Sagona

{"title":"Making the leap from technique to treatment - genetic engineering is paving the way for more efficient phage therapy.","authors":"Jessica M Lewis, Joshua Williams, Antonia P Sagona","doi":"10.1042/BST20231289","DOIUrl":"10.1042/BST20231289","url":null,"abstract":"Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses specific to bacteria that target them with great efficiency and specificity. Phages were first studied for their antibacterial potential in the early twentieth century; however, their use was largely eclipsed by the popularity of antibiotics. Given the surge of antimicrobial-resistant strains worldwide, there has been a renaissance in harnessing phages as therapeutics once more. One of the key advantages of phages is their amenability to modification, allowing the generation of numerous derivatives optimised for specific functions depending on the modification. These enhanced derivatives could display higher infectivity, expanded host range or greater affinity to human tissues, where some bacterial species exert their pathogenesis. Despite this, there has been a noticeable discrepancy between the generation of derivatives in vitro and their clinical application in vivo. In most instances, phage therapy is only used on a compassionate-use basis, where all other treatment options have been exhausted. A lack of clinical trials and numerous regulatory hurdles hamper the progress of phage therapy and in turn, the engineered variants, in becoming widely used in the clinic. In this review, we outline the various types of modifications enacted upon phages and how these modifications contribute to their enhanced bactericidal function compared with wild-type phages. We also discuss the nascent progress of genetically modified phages in clinical trials along with the current issues these are confronted with, to validate it as a therapy in the clinic.","PeriodicalId":8841,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Society transactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11346441/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140875731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Retrotransposons in embryogenesis and neurodevelopment. 胚胎发生和神经发育中的逆转录载体

IF 3.8 3区生物学

Biochemical Society transactions Pub Date : 2024-06-26 DOI: 10.1042/BST20230757

Mary Jo Talley, Michelle S Longworth

引用次数: 0

Reconstituting membrane fission using a high content and throughput assay. 利用高含量和高通量测定法重建膜裂变。

IF 3.8 3区生物学

Biochemical Society transactions Pub Date : 2024-06-26 DOI: 10.1042/BST20231325

Uma Swaminathan, Thomas J Pucadyil

引用次数: 0

Viral genome sequencing methods: benefits and pitfalls of current approaches. 病毒基因组测序方法：当前方法的优势和缺陷。

IF 3.8 3区生物学

Biochemical Society transactions Pub Date : 2024-06-26 DOI: 10.1042/BST20231322

Natasha Jansz, Geoffrey J Faulkner

引用次数: 0

Modification of extracellular matrix proteins by oxidants and electrophiles. 氧化剂和亲电物对细胞外基质蛋白质的修饰。

IF 3.8 3区生物学

Biochemical Society transactions Pub Date : 2024-06-26 DOI: 10.1042/BST20230860

Karen C Yang-Jensen, Sara M Jørgensen, Christine Y Chuang, Michael J Davies

{"title":"Modification of extracellular matrix proteins by oxidants and electrophiles.","authors":"Karen C Yang-Jensen, Sara M Jørgensen, Christine Y Chuang, Michael J Davies","doi":"10.1042/BST20230860","DOIUrl":"10.1042/BST20230860","url":null,"abstract":"The extracellular matrix (ECM) is critical to biological architecture and determines cellular properties, function and activity. In many situations it is highly abundant, with collagens and elastin being some of the most abundant proteins in mammals. The ECM comprises of multiple different protein species and sugar polymers, with both different isoforms and post-translational modifications (PTMs) providing a large variety of microenvironments that play a key role in determining tissue structure and health. A number of the PTMs (e.g. cross-links) present in the ECM are critical to integrity and function, whereas others are deleterious to both ECM structure and associated cells. Modifications induced by reactive oxidants and electrophiles have been reported to accumulate in some ECM with increasing age. This accumulation can be exacerbated by disease, and in particular those associated with acute or chronic inflammation, obesity and diabetes. This is likely to be due to higher fluxes of modifying agents in these conditions. In this focused review, the role and effects of oxidants and other electrophiles on ECM are discussed, with a particular focus on the artery wall and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Modifications generated on ECM components are reviewed, together with the effects of these species on cellular properties including adhesion, proliferation, migration, viability, metabolic activity, gene expression and phenotype. Increasing data indicates that ECM modifications are both prevalent in human and mammalian tissues and play an important role in disease development and progression.","PeriodicalId":8841,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Society transactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11346434/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141080345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The role of Matrin-3 in physiology and its dysregulation in disease. Matrin-3 在生理学中的作用及其在疾病中的失调。

IF 3.8 3区生物学

Biochemical Society transactions Pub Date : 2024-06-26 DOI: 10.1042/BST20220585

Macy L Sprunger, Meredith E Jackrel

引用次数: 0

The choreography of chromatin in RNA polymerase III regulation. 染色质在 RNA 聚合酶 III 调控中的作用。

IF 3.9 3区生物学

Biochemical Society transactions Pub Date : 2024-04-26 DOI: 10.1042/BST20230770

Maria Elize van Breugel, Alan Gerber, Fred van Leeuwen

引用次数: 0

Raman spectroscopy in the study of amyloid formation and phase separation. 拉曼光谱在淀粉样蛋白形成和相分离研究中的应用。

IF 3.9 3区生物学

Biochemical Society transactions Pub Date : 2024-04-26 DOI: 10.1042/BST20230599

Sashary Ramos, Jennifer C Lee

{"title":"Raman spectroscopy in the study of amyloid formation and phase separation.","authors":"Sashary Ramos, Jennifer C Lee","doi":"10.1042/BST20230599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1042/BST20230599","url":null,"abstract":"Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, share a common pathological feature of amyloid structure accumulation. However, the structure-function relationship between these well-ordered, β-sheet-rich, filamentous protein deposits and disease etiology remains to be defined. Recently, an emerging hypothesis has linked phase separation, a process involved in the formation of protein condensates, to amyloid formation, suggesting that liquid protein droplets serve as loci for amyloid initiation. To elucidate how these processes contribute to disease progression, tools that can directly report on protein secondary structural changes are needed. Here, we review recent studies that have demonstrated Raman spectroscopy as a powerful vibrational technique for interrogating amyloid structures; one that offers sensitivity from the global secondary structural level to specific residues. This probe-free technique is further enhanced via coupling to a microscope, which affords structural data with spatial resolution, known as Raman spectral imaging (RSI). In vitro and in cellulo applications of RSI are discussed, highlighting studies of protein droplet aging, cellular internalization of fibrils, and Raman imaging of intracellular water. Collectively, utilization of the myriad Raman spectroscopic methods will contribute to a deeper understanding of protein conformational dynamics in the complex cellular milieu and offer potential clinical diagnostic capabilities for protein misfolding and aggregation processes in disease states.","PeriodicalId":8841,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Society transactions","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140652282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0