Beneficial microbes最新文献

{"title":"Short-chain fatty acids inhibit the activation of T lymphocytes and myeloid cells and induce innate immune tolerance","authors":"M. Porbahaie, A. Hummel, H. Saouadogo, R.M.L. Coelho, H.F.J. Savelkoul, M. Teodorowicz, R.J.J. van Neerven","doi":"10.1163/18762891-20220113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18762891-20220113","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The intestinal microbiota contributes to gut immune homeostasis, where short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) function as the major mediators. We aimed to elucidate the immunomodulatory effects of acetate, propionate, and butyrate. With that in mind, we sought to characterise the expression of SCFA receptors and transporters as well as SCFAs’ impact on the activation of different immune cells. Whereas all three SCFAs decreased tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α production in activated T cells, only butyrate and propionate inhibited interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-17, IL-13, and IL-10 production. Butyrate and propionate inhibited the expression of the chemokine receptors CCR9 and CCR10 in activated T- and B-cells, respectively. Similarly, butyrate and propionate were effective inhibitors of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 production in myeloid cells upon lipopolysaccharide and R848 stimulation. Acetate was less efficient at inhibiting cytokine production except for IFN-α. Moreover, SCFAs inhibited the production of IL-6 and TNF-α in monocytes, myeloid dendritic cells (mDC), and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC), whereas acetate effects were relatively more prominent in pDCs. In monocytes and mDCs, acetate was a less efficient inhibitor, but it was equally effective in inhibiting pDCs activation. We also studied the ability of SCFAs to induce trained immunity or tolerance. Butyrate and propionate – but not acetate – prevented Toll-like receptor-mediated activation in SCFA-trained cells, as demonstrated by a reduced production of IL-6 and TNF-α. Our findings indicate that butyrate and propionate are equally efficient in inhibiting the adaptive and innate immune response and did not induce trained immunity. The findings may be explained by differential SCFA receptor and transporter expression profiles of the immune cells.","PeriodicalId":8834,"journal":{"name":"Beneficial microbes","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135433337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation between APOE4 gene and gut microbiota in Alzheimer’s disease","authors":"X.-X. Chen, M.-X. Zeng, D. Cai, H.-H. Zhou, Y.-J. Wang, Z. Liu","doi":"10.1163/18762891-20220116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18762891-20220116","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis has been increasingly associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the association between APOE4 , the most common genetic risk factor for sporadic AD, and GM in AD remains unclear. In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of the GM of participants from China and the USA, with and without APOE4 genes and with or without AD (67 AD cases, 67 control cases). Our results revealed that the GM alpha diversity was not different between groups (AD_ APOE4 , Control_ APOE4 , AD_non- APOE4 , and Control_non- APOE4 ) (419.031 ± 143.631 vs 391.091 ± 126.081, 351.086 ± 169.174 and 386.089 ± 177.200, respectively. ). Interestingly, individuals in the AD_ APOE4 group had different bacterial compositions and bacterial biomarkers. The Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test indicated that the abundances of many bacterial species in the AD_ APOE4 patients differed from those in control individuals, including decreases in unclassified_g__Escherichia-Shigella (1.763 ± 6.73, 4.429 ± 11.13, 8.245 ± 16.55, and 5.69 ± 13.91 in four groups, respectively; ), and unclassified_g_Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 (0.1519 ± 0.348, 2.502 ± 5.913, 0.5146 ± 0.9487, 1.063 ± 3.428 in four groups, respectively; ), and increases in gut_metagenome_g_Faecalibacterium (2.885 ± 4.47, 2.174 ± 3.957, 0.5765 ± 1.784, 1.582 ± 2.92 in four groups, respectively. ) and unclassified_g_Bacteroides (3.875 ± 3.738, 2.47 ± 2.748, 2.046 ± 3.674, 3.206 ± 3.446 in four groups, respectively; ). In the KEGG pathway level 2 analysis, we identified three significant differences in relative abundances of predicted functions between AD_ APOE4 and AD_non- APOE4 _carrier groups: neurodegenerative diseases (0.0007 ± 0.0005 vs 0.0009 ± 0.0004; P < 0.01), metabolism (0.0240 ± 0.0003 vs 0.0250 ± 0.0003; P < 0.05), and biosynthesis of other secondary metabolites (0.0094 ± 0.0002 vs 0.0090 ± 0.0002; P < 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic curves further demonstrated an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.74 for the discrimination of AD_ APOE4 _carrier and AD_non- APOE4 _carrier individuals.","PeriodicalId":8834,"journal":{"name":"Beneficial microbes","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135433505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective effects of Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 in an experimental model of NSAID-induced enteropathy.","authors":"E Simon O'Brien, A Robert, D Gauthier, A Le Cavorzin, J Planchais, X Roux, M Verleye, V Castagné","doi":"10.3920/BM2023.0003","DOIUrl":"10.3920/BM2023.0003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) induce a broad spectrum of gastro-intestinal adverse effects, including ulceration and bleeding. The pathophysiology of NSAID enteropathy is complex and incompletely understood, but some evidence showed that NSAIDs impair the intestinal barrier and cause a gut dysbiosis. Identifying new treatments aiming to reverse or attenuate NSAID-induced adverse effects would have a significant impact on a high number of patients. The aim of this work is to assess the effects of the probiotic yeast Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 (Sb) on a model of NSAID-induced enteropathy. Four groups of mice were tested: Control, Indomethacin, Sb, and Sb + Indomethacin. A clinical score was evaluated throughout the experiment. Faecal calprotectin, microbiota and haemoglobin analyses were performed. At the end of the treatments, the small intestine, colon, and caecum lengths, and intestinal permeability were measured. Sections of ileum and jejunum were observed to assess a histological score and ileal cytokines were measured by immunoassay. Indomethacin-treated animals showed an increase in their clinical scores, reflecting a worsening of their general state. Mice co-treated with Sb and indomethacin displayed an improvement of their clinical score in comparison with mice treated with indomethacin alone. Sb prevented the indomethacin-induced shortening of the small intestine and caecum, and significantly attenuated the severity of intestinal lesions. Sb also prevented the increase in faecal calprotectin, reduced faecal haemoglobin, and prevented the increase of intestinal permeability in mice treated with indomethacin. Sb also counteracted the increase of faecal bacteria associated with the pathogenesis of NSAID-enteropathy. In conclusion, our results show a protective effect of Sb in a model of indomethacin-induced enteropathy. Sb improved the intestinal barrier function and exerted a positive action on gut microbiota composition.</p>","PeriodicalId":8834,"journal":{"name":"Beneficial microbes","volume":" ","pages":"239-253"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10115729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of food matrix on the prebiotic efficacy of inulin-type fructans: a randomised trial","authors":"P.P.J. Jackson, A. Wijeyesekera, S. Theis, J. Van Harsselaar, R.A. Rastall","doi":"10.1163/18762891-20220120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18762891-20220120","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Recently there is much debate in the scientific community over the impact of the food matrix on prebiotic efficacy of inulin-type fructans. Previous studies suggest that prebiotic selectivity of inulin-type fructans towards bifidobacteria is unaffected by the food matrix. Due to differences in study design, definitive conclusions cannot be drawn from these findings with any degree of certainty. In this randomised trial, we aimed to determine the effects that different food matrices had on the prebiotic efficacy of inulin-type fructans following a standardised 10-day, 4-arm, parallel, randomised protocol with inulin either in pure form or incorporated into shortbread biscuits, milk chocolate or a rice drink. Similar increases in Bifidobacterium counts were documented across all four interventions using both fluorescence in situ hybridisation (pure inulin: 0.63; shortbread: 0.59; milk chocolate: 0.65 and rice drink: 0.71 (log 10 cells/g wet faeces) and 16S rRNA sequencing quantitative microbiome profiling data (pure inulin: 1.21 × 10 9 ; shortbread: 1.47 × 10 9 ; milk chocolate: 8.59 × 10 8 and rice drink: 1.04 × 10 9 (cells/g wet faeces) (all ). From these results, we can confirm that irrespective of the food matrix, the selectivity of inulin-type fructans towards Bifidobacterium is unaffected, yet the compositional make-up of the food matrix may have implications regarding wider changes in the microbiota.","PeriodicalId":8834,"journal":{"name":"Beneficial microbes","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136349974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the effectiveness of personalised therapy for the patients with irritable bowel syndrome.","authors":"E Ermolenko, S Sitkin, T Vakhitov, O Solovyeva, A Karaseva, A Morozova, M Kotyleva, I Shumikhina, N Lavrenova, E Demyanova, A Dmitriev, A Suvorov","doi":"10.3920/BM2022.0053","DOIUrl":"10.3920/BM2022.0053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intestinal microbiota correction in the therapy of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is an important medical problem. We conducted a laboratory and pilot clinical trial to investigate the effect of autoprobiotic bacteria, indigenous bifidobacteria and enterococci isolated from faeces and grown on artificial media to use as personified food additives in IBS treatment. Convincing evidence of the clinical efficacy of autoprobiotic was demonstrated by the disappearance of dyspeptic symptoms. The microbiome of patients with IBS was compared to a group of healthy volunteers and changes in the microbiome after autoprobiotic use were detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and 16S rRNA metagenome analysis. The possibility of reducing opportunistic microorganisms in the treatment of IBS with autoprobiotics has been convincingly proven. The quantitative content of enterococci in the intestinal microbiota was higher in IBS patients than in healthy volunteers and increased after therapy. An increase in the relative abundance of genera <i>Coprococcus, Blautia</i> and a decrease in the relative abundance of <i>Paraprevotella</i> spp. were found at the end of therapy. A metabolome study which was performed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry demonstrated an increase in the content of oxalic acid, a decrease of dodecanoate, lauric acid, and other metabolome components after taking autoprobiotics. Some of these parameters correlated with the relative abundances of <i>Paraprevotella</i> spp., <i>Enterococcus</i> spp., and <i>Coprococcus</i> spp. representative of the microbiome. Apparently, they reflected the peculiarities of metabolic compensation and changes in the microbiota. Therefore, the use of autoprobiotics for treatment of IBS may lead to a stable positive clinical effect, associated with compensatory changes in the intestinal microbiota, and accompanied by corresponding changes in metabolic processes in the organism.</p>","PeriodicalId":8834,"journal":{"name":"Beneficial microbes","volume":"14 2","pages":"119-130"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9347763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat-killed <i>Lactobacillus helveticus</i> improves mood states: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.","authors":"N Mutoh, I Kakiuchi, A Hiraku, N Iwabuchi, K Kiyosawa, K Igarashi, M Tanaka, M Nakamura, M Miyasaka","doi":"10.3920/BM2022.0048","DOIUrl":"10.3920/BM2022.0048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We investigated the effects of heat-killed <i>Lactobacillus helveticus</i> MCC1848 on daily mood states in healthy young adults. Participants (n=58) were randomised to receive heat-killed <i>L. helveticus</i> MCC1848 powder or placebo powder for 4 weeks. During the study period, adverse events were recorded in the participant diary. Mood states were assessed before and 2 and 4 weeks after initiation of the intervention. The primary outcomes were the shortened version of the Profile of Mood States 2 (POMS 2) scores. Secondary outcomes included other mood state (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI); visual analogue scale (VAS)), quality of life (acute form of the SF-36v2), sleep (Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS)) and fatigue (Chalder Fatigue Scale (CFS)) scores. Four weeks of heat-killed <i>L. helveticus</i> MCC1848 intake, compared to placebo, significantly improved the shortened version of the POMS 2 'friendliness' and the VAS 'relaxed' scores, which are two indicators of positive mood states. On the other hand, heat-killed <i>L. helveticus</i> MCC1848 intake had no significant effects on negative mood state items (e.g. anger, nervousness, confusion) assessed by the shortened version of the POMS 2, STAI and VAS. AIS and CFS scores also showed no significant differences. No adverse effects were observed with 4 weeks of heat-killed <i>L. helveticus</i> MCC1848 intake. These results suggest that daily consumption of heat-killed <i>L. helveticus</i> MCC1848 is safe and has the potential to improve positive mood states. <b>UMIN Clinical Trial Registry</b>: UMIN000043697.</p>","PeriodicalId":8834,"journal":{"name":"Beneficial microbes","volume":"14 2","pages":"109-118"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9685789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of <i>Lactobacillus crispatus</i>-containing oral and vaginal probiotics on vaginal health: a randomised double-blind placebo controlled clinical trial.","authors":"R Mändar,&nbsp;G Sõerunurk,&nbsp;J Štšepetova,&nbsp;I Smidt,&nbsp;T Rööp,&nbsp;S Kõljalg,&nbsp;M Saare,&nbsp;K Ausmees,&nbsp;D D Le,&nbsp;M Jaagura,&nbsp;S Piiskop,&nbsp;H Tamm,&nbsp;A Salumets","doi":"10.3920/BM2022.0091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3920/BM2022.0091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Health of reproductive tract is tightly associated with balance of microbial communities in this area. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) and vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) represent common disturbances of vaginal communities. Vaginal discharge due to BV or VVC is a very frequent reason for visiting gynaecologist. We aimed to evaluate the impact of the novel evidence-based probiotics on BV and VVC patients. The study group included 89 BV and 93 VVC patients (aged 18-50 years) who were recruited into randomised double-blind placebo-controlled two-arm parallel trial. The patients of each diagnosis group received oral or vaginal probiotic capsules, or placebo capsules during 3 months. A probiotic capsule contained two (DSM32717 and DSM32720, in case of BV) or three (DSM32720, DSM32718 and DSM32716, in case of VVC) <i>Lactobacillus crispatus</i> strains. Vaginal, intestinal and general health was monitored weekly by questionnaire. Blood analyses were done in the beginning and at the end of trial. Vaginal samples were collected monthly, microscopic and molecular analyses were performed. The study revealed that both oral and vaginal capsules reduced the signs and symptoms in BV patients. Remarkable improvement was noted in Nugent score, amount and smell of discharge, but also in itching/irritation. Consumption of vaginal probiotics significantly increased the lactobacilli counts in their vagina while mean proportion of some BV-related bacteria decreased. In VVC patients, both oral and vaginal capsules lowered the combined score of two most important symptoms, amount of discharge and itching/irritation. In conclusion, the novel formulations of evidence-based well-focused probiotic <i>L. crispatus</i> strains are effective against BV and VVC being suitable for both vaginal and oral administration. Clinical trial registration: ISRCTN34840624, BioMed Central.</p>","PeriodicalId":8834,"journal":{"name":"Beneficial microbes","volume":"14 2","pages":"143-152"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9335008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of <i>Bacillus clausii</i> CSI08, <i>Bacillus megaterium</i> MIT411 and a <i>Bacillus</i> cocktail on gastrointestinal health: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study.","authors":"K Rea,&nbsp;J Colom,&nbsp;E A Simon,&nbsp;E Khokhlova,&nbsp;S Mazhar,&nbsp;M Barrena,&nbsp;M Enrique,&nbsp;P Martorell,&nbsp;B Alvarez Perez,&nbsp;M Tortajada,&nbsp;C Phipps,&nbsp;J Deaton","doi":"10.3920/BM2022.0117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3920/BM2022.0117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the present study, the safety, tolerance and impact of 1×10⁹ cfu <i>Bacillus clausii</i> CSI08, 1×10⁹ cfu <i>Bacillus megaterium</i> MIT411 and a probiotic cocktail containing <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> DE111^®, <i>Bacillus megaterium</i> MIT411, <i>Bacillus coagulans</i> CGI314, and <i>Bacillus clausii</i> CSI08 with a total count of 2.0×10⁹ cfu administered daily were assessed as compared with a maltodextrin containing placebo control. A total of 98 study participants received daily doses for 45 days, followed by a washout period of 2 weeks. A questionnaire to capture the incidence and duration of upper respiratory tract, urinary tract and/or gastrointestinal complaints and a diary to capture stool regularity and consistency was kept daily to record compliance throughout the 45 days. Faecal and blood samples were collected for microbiological and haematological analysis at the start and end of the treatment period. The probiotic cocktail significantly decreased the incidence of loose stools throughout the entire study. The recorded respiratory, urinary and gastrointestinal symptoms, defecation frequency and other stool consistency were not influenced. No clinically relevant changes in blood parameters, such as liver and kidney function and no serious adverse events appeared during and after administration. There were no changes in symptoms including sadness, irritability, energy, appetite, tension, stress, sleep, cardiovascular events, aches and pains, and dizziness as determined by a mood questionnaire administered to participants at baseline and at the end of the treatment period. Similarly, the measured inflammatory cytokines, antioxidant levels, cholesterol, triglycerides, free amino acids or minerals remained unaffected. There were no negative changes in alpha or beta diversity of the microbiota with any of the treatment groups. These promising data suggest that these treatments were safe and well tolerated, and further work with larger cohorts are justified to determine the efficacy of these potential probiotics in select demographic groups. Trial registration number with clinicaltrials.gov at NCT04758845.</p>","PeriodicalId":8834,"journal":{"name":"Beneficial microbes","volume":"14 2","pages":"165-182"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9685791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Agave</i> fructans enhance the effects of fermented milk products on obesity biomarkers: a randomised trial.","authors":"M Vega-Cárdenas,&nbsp;F Martínez-Gutierrez,&nbsp;E E Lara-Ramírez,&nbsp;E Reynaga-Hernandez,&nbsp;L Yañez-Estrada,&nbsp;S Ratering,&nbsp;S Schnell,&nbsp;C I Godínez-Hernández,&nbsp;J M Vargas-Morales,&nbsp;D P Portales-Pérez","doi":"10.3920/BM2022.0078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3920/BM2022.0078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dysbiosis has been implicated in childhood obesity. Oral intake of fermented milk containing <i>Lacticaseibacillus casei</i> strain Shirota preserves gut microbiota (GM) diversity in children and adults. This study was a double-blind trial involving 37 overweight or obese children aged 6-10 years. Children were followed over a 6-week intervention period in which they received different fermented milk products containing <i>L. casei</i> Shirota: 10 in the first group received just <i>L. casei</i> Shirota; 13 received <i>L. casei</i> Shirota with 3 g/day of inulin (<i>L. casei</i>+inulin); and 14 received <i>L. casei</i> Shirota with 3 g/day of fructans from <i>Agave salmiana</i> (<i>L. casei</i>+fructans). Principal component analysis showed the relationship between microbial abundance, GM metabolites, and other obesity-related markers. Supplementation with probiotics and synbiotics improved the HDL-cholesterol levels of overweight and obese children, although no changes in body composition were detected. We observed an increase in butyrate or propionate concentrations in the <i>L. casei</i>+fructans group compared to the end of the intervention (<i>P</i><0.03). A diminished level of ANGPTL4 within the <i>L. casei</i>+fructans group (<i>P</i>=0.04) was also found, but no differences when lipopolysaccharide-binding protein was evaluated. The FFAR2+ cell frequency decreased between baseline and at the end of 6-week intervention in <i>L. casei</i>+inulin (<i>P</i>=0.02) and <i>L. casei</i>+fructans groups (<i>P</i>=0.04). In contrast, the percentage of CD14+FFAR3+ frequency increased in the same groups (<i>P</i>=0.04). The <i>L. casei</i> Shirota with inulin or fructans modulates GM, which improves the lipid profile and changes at a molecular level, such as expression of FFAR3 and FFAR2, ANGPTL4, propionate, and butyrate. It, therefore, could be considered an interesting therapeutic possibility for treating childhood overweight and obesity. The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT05423015).</p>","PeriodicalId":8834,"journal":{"name":"Beneficial microbes","volume":"14 2","pages":"153-164"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9335009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Covariates of vaginal microbiota and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in women of reproductive age.","authors":"J Novak, C S T Ferreira, M A Golim, M G Silva, C Marconi","doi":"10.3920/BM2022.0060","DOIUrl":"10.3920/BM2022.0060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to assess the correlation between covariates of the vaginal microbiota and local levels of proinflammatory cytokines in women of reproductive age presenting four molecularly defined bacterial community-state types (CSTs). We enrolled 133 non-pregnant women who attended primary care health clinics for routine Pap-testing. Molecular profiling of vaginal microbiota was performed by V3-V4 16S rRNA sequencing. The covariates of vaginal microbiota included were: vaginal pH, total bacterial cell count, diversity (Shannon index), -richness and dominant taxa abundances. Levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in supernatants of cervicovaginal fluids. Nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare microbiota covariates and cytokines among different CSTs. Spearman's tests were performed to assess correlations across the measured parameters. A total of 96 (72.2%) participants had CSTs dominated by <i>Lactobacillus</i> spp. (<i>Lactobacillus crispatus</i> CST I, n=38; <i>Lactobacillus gasseri</i> CST II, n=20; and <i>Lactobacillus iners</i> CST III, n=38). A total of 37 (27.8%) presented the <i>Lactobacillus-depleted</i> CST IV. Total bacterial count was higher in CST II (1.29E+05, 3.40E+04-6.69E+05) compared to other <i>Lactobacillus-dominated</i> CSTs (<i>p</i>=0.0003). The highest values of microbiota diversity (1.85; 0.23-2.68) and richness (27.0; 5.0-37.0) were observed in CST IV (<i>P</i><0.0001). Lower levels of IL-1β were observed in CST I (5.4; 0.0-3,256) when compared to CST III (51.7; 0.0-2,616) and to CST IV (56.2; 0.0-3,407) (<i>P</i>=0.008). Levels of IL-6 were higher in CST II (4.13; 0-131.4) than in CST IV (0.0-58.27) (<i>P</i>=0.02). Correlation tests showed an overall distinct profile of CST II when compared to other <i>Lactobacillusdominated</i> CSTs, particularly regarding the correlation between total bacterial load and cytokines (r>0.39). In conclusion, this study provides evidence of a single pro-inflammatory signature of <i>L. gasseri</i>-dominated microbiota in response to bacterial load. Further studies evaluating a broader range of inflammation markers are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":8834,"journal":{"name":"Beneficial microbes","volume":"14 2","pages":"131-142"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9700396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}