{"title":"Mobility and Language in the Early Modern Antilles","authors":"Michael Harrigan","doi":"10.1179/0265106812Z.00000000012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/0265106812Z.00000000012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article analyses a corpus of texts, principally of ecclesiastical authorship, which depict early- to mid-seventeenth-century attempts to colonise the Antilles and coastal South America. Focus is placed on French representations of Amerindian populations and of plantation and indigenous economies at a time of great political and military upheaval in the Caribbean. An initial analysis of depictions of European colonial initiatives explores their significant impact on Caribbean societies and suggests how the resultant conflicts influenced representations of Amerindian peoples. This is followed by analysis of the contrasting depictions of European and indigenous economic systems. European populations are depicted as mobile, laborious, and surplus-producing whereas indigenous populations are mainly characterised by economic stasis and the subsistence economy. A further analysis of depictions of Amerindian languages suggests how these might reflect the perception by French observers of absence at the heart of indigenous societies. Rather than indicating an innate deficiency in the faculty of language, this may be interpreted as mirroring a perceived incompleteness in the religious, economic or textual domains.","PeriodicalId":88312,"journal":{"name":"Seventeenth-century French studies","volume":"34 1","pages":"115 - 132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/0265106812Z.00000000012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65822171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Material Culture at the Guise ‘Court’: Tapestries, a Bed and a Devotional Dollhouse as Expressions of Dynastic Pride and Piety in Seventeenth-Century Paris","authors":"J. Spangler","doi":"10.1179/0265106812Z.00000000015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/0265106812Z.00000000015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The deepening study of courts and courtly societies in the early modern world has provided political, social, and cultural historians with new insights into how (and why) such societies functioned, but have too often focused exclusively on the singularity of a monarch, or at best, his immediate family. This essay explores similar themes of the functionalities of patronage, dynasticism and piety in the context of the high court aristocracy, represented here by the House of Guise, and in particular by its women, caretakers of family image. Using inventories from two periods in the seventeenth century, and, more specifically, key pieces of material culture representative of familial pride and piety, it demonstrates how court families shifted their behaviour in a climate of increased centralization and royal domination. In line with current revisionism of notions of ‘absolutism’, this study also reinforces the more nuanced vision of a courtly society driven by crownnoble co-operation and competition rather than control.","PeriodicalId":88312,"journal":{"name":"Seventeenth-century French studies","volume":"34 1","pages":"158 - 175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/0265106812Z.00000000015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65822685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"D’une culture l’autre: Charles Perrault et le Labyrinthe de Versailles","authors":"M. Canova-Green","doi":"10.1179/0265106812Z.00000000014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/0265106812Z.00000000014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Dès les années 1660, les jardins de Versailles ajoutèrent aux joies de la promenade celles de la découverte d’un monde où l’art rivalisait avec la nature pour la plus grande gloire du monarque. Si fontaines et jets d’eau témoignaient de prouesses techniques jusqu’alors inégalées, si Orangerie et Ménagerie offraient au curieux le spectacle d’espèces animales et végétales rares, le Labyrinthe, lui, proposait un parcours culturel menant le visiteur à une plus grande connaissance de soi et du monde. Mais aux leçons éprouvées de la sagesse ésopique, qu’incarnaient les animaux de plomb peint décorant les fontaines et les rondeaux de Benserade qui les accompagnaient, s’ajoutaient aussi, pour qui savait les déchiffrer, les tout derniers conseils en matière de galanterie. Conçu très certainement par Charles Perrault, le Labyrinthe était enfin une autre manière de dire la supériorité des Modernes sur les Anciens que proclamaient le château et les jardins dans leur ensemble.","PeriodicalId":88312,"journal":{"name":"Seventeenth-century French studies","volume":"34 1","pages":"143 - 157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/0265106812Z.00000000014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65822087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pylade, ami d’Oreste, and the Critics","authors":"W. Brooks","doi":"10.1179/0265106812Z.00000000010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/0265106812Z.00000000010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract More than half a century’s worth of generalisations about the confidants in Racine’s plays have led to a situation in which they are denied any characteristics as individuals. Some, however, are invested by the playwright with more than just a function. An examination of Pylade, ‘ami d’Oreste’ in Andromaque, shows that critics’ responses to the role have varied between the nugatory and the inconsistent. In fact, in Pylade, Racine has created a confidant who has both a rounded character of his own and a palpable effect on the action of the play. The re-assessment of Racine outside the straitjacketed approach of the late twentieth century is at last beginning, and Racine’s confidants can and should be re-evaluated and differentiated.","PeriodicalId":88312,"journal":{"name":"Seventeenth-century French studies","volume":"34 1","pages":"101 - 90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/0265106812Z.00000000010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65820482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Litterae et arma: l’aspiration à l’encyclopédisme des premières académies nobiliaires françaises (1598–1612)","authors":"Andrea Bruschi","doi":"10.1179/0265106812Z.00000000013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/0265106812Z.00000000013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Inspirés de l’idéal humaniste de l’encyclopédisme et fondés sur le binôme ‘armes et lettres’, les programmes d’études élaborés dans les premiers projets d’académies pour gentilshommes (fin du XVIe-début du XVIIe siècle) associent à la pratique d’activités physiques l’érudition et l’éducation dans des disciplines théoriques. De telles propositions sont éloignées des exigences d’une noblesse désireuse de trouver dans l’académie non pas un parcours pédagogique complet, mais un lieu de sociabilité et d’apprentissage des exercices chevaleresques. Les tentatives de création d’écoles nobiliaires à vocation encyclopédique sont donc destinées à rester lettre morte ou tout au plus à donner lieu, comme dans le cas des académies de Jacques Bourgoing et de David Rivault de Flurance, à des institutions éphémères. L’importance de ces expériences réside dans l’aspiration à un véritable renouvellement du second État par le biais de l’éducation, dans le but de faire de la noblesse un groupe compétent et en mesure d’agir pour le bien du royaume.","PeriodicalId":88312,"journal":{"name":"Seventeenth-century French studies","volume":"34 1","pages":"133 - 142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/0265106812Z.00000000013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65822477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"L’image de Mazarin dans le De rebus gallicis de Benjamin Priolo","authors":"B. Tribout","doi":"10.1179/0265106812Z.00000000011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/0265106812Z.00000000011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Cet article porte sur l’image de Mazarin dans le De rebus gallicis (1665), une histoire du ministère centrée sur la Fronde, écrite par Benjamin Priolo, ancien secrétaire du duc de Longueville, espion du Cardinal, pensionné par ce dernier, et dont l’ambiguïté pendant la Fronde se retrouve dans le récit qu’il en donne. Ainsi, derrière l’éloge de façade du ministre reposant sur les lieux attendus du panégyrique, notamment les vertus cardinales, le recours aux ornements d’un style ‘oraculaire’, émaillé de sentences à déchiffrer dans le goût d’un Tacite relu par Lipse, la manipulation du discours d’autrui, la présentation apparemment neutre d’interprétations diverses d’un même événement, la critique même des ennemis de Mazarin sont autant de stratégies permettant de donner des gages au pouvoir tout en insufflant dans le texte une dimension critique visant notamment l’ambition du Cardinal, sa fausse prudence et son manque d’intelligence politique. Derrière cette diatribe, il y a chez l’historien une volonté de justifier ses actions pendant la Fronde, certes, mais aussi une critique moraliste des vices cachés et des fausses vertus des protagonistes de la Fronde, voire, plus profondément, une réflexion sceptique sur l’histoire et sa portée exemplaire.","PeriodicalId":88312,"journal":{"name":"Seventeenth-century French studies","volume":"34 1","pages":"102 - 114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/0265106812Z.00000000011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65821390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comment penser l’amitié royale à l’âge baroque?","authors":"D. Amstutz","doi":"10.1179/0265106812Z.0000000003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/0265106812Z.0000000003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Parmi les amitiés inégales, décriées par toute une tradition aristotélicienne, l’amitié royale occupe nécessairement une place singulière. A l’âge baroque, le roi cesse d’être conçu comme primus inter pares. Il s’impose comme un véritable souverain: une différence de nature et non plus seulement de degré le distingue de son entourage. Qui peut dès lors légitimement prétendre au titre d’ «ami du roi » ? L’actualité politique des XVIe et XVIIe siècles en Europe, marquée par la domination des ministres-favoris, renouvelle l’intérêt porté à cette quaestio disputata. Des auteurs comme Bacon, Guez de Balzac puis les Scudéry tentent de dépasser l’aporie aristotélicienne et cherchent à concevoir la légitimité nouvelle acquise par l’amitié dite « inégale » dans la société du XVIIe siècle.","PeriodicalId":88312,"journal":{"name":"Seventeenth-century French studies","volume":"34 1","pages":"26 - 37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1179/0265106812Z.0000000003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65822967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}