Materials Horizons最新文献

{"title":"Programmable cross-activity of catalase <i>via</i> functional state engineering in a uricase-catalase cascade nanogel.","authors":"Manting Jin, Guangce Yuan, Qiao Zhao, Haojie Yang, Yuting Guo, Yujing Tang, Mingyue Shi, Qing Wu, Lehang Guo, Qigang Wang, Xia Wang","doi":"10.1039/d6mh01182a","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d6mh01182a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Catalase (CAT) in peroxisomes undergoes functional switching between detoxification-dominant and metabolism-coupled catalytic modes, driven by substrate availability, redox microenvironment, and heme iron redox state transitions. This dynamic activity transformation enables catalase to function not only as an antioxidant enzyme but also as a regulatory hub integrating ROS signaling, lipid metabolism, and redox homeostasis. Inspired by this natural mechanism, we propose a nanoconfined self-polymerization strategy for the rational design of an oxidase-catalase cascade system, in which the single-molecule-level generation of H₂O₂ is precisely controlled, thereby modulating catalase's substrate-induced functional switching and successfully inducing the transition between its cross-activities of CAT and peroxidase (POD). The activated POD activity drove ˙OH generation, triggering self-limited polymerization to form an <i>in situ</i> cascading enzyme nanogel platform (Gel@UOx/CAT) <i>via</i> uricase (UOx)-CAT cascades. Radical analysis and theoretical calculations confirmed that the functional switching of catalase is governed by reaction field architecture rather than substrate abundance, in which H₂O₂ is generated and channeled in a localized hydrogel network to the active site, and competing catalytic decomposition pathways are kinetically suppressed or spatially segregated. Notably, the prepared confined nanogel relied on its dominant CAT activity to degrade excess pathological H₂O₂, thereby exerting a detoxification-dominated antioxidation effect (Pathway A), and to fulfill the uric acid metabolism-coupled catalysis (Pathway B) simultaneously within the <i>in vivo</i> microenvironment of gout. This paradigm enables precise regulation of enzymatic cross-activities and functional interconversion, offering new opportunities for constructing adaptive biocatalytic systems, artificial metabolic networks, and programmable bioelectronic interfaces.</p>","PeriodicalId":87,"journal":{"name":"Materials Horizons","volume":" ","pages":"9860-9877"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148785621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transparent marine antifouling coatings for underwater optical devices: strategies, mechanisms and future perspectives.","authors":"Zhongshuai Gao, Yonggang Cui, Linfei Ma, Mingda Che, Mei Cui, Rongxin Su, Cunguo Lin, Renliang Huang","doi":"10.1039/d6mh00831c","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d6mh00831c","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Underwater optical devices are indispensable for marine scientific research, resource exploration, national defense, and environmental monitoring. However, marine biofouling poses a significant threat to underwater optical devices, as it reduces monitoring accuracy and impairs image clarity. Transparent marine antifouling coatings, which offer an effective means of balancing high optical transmittance with reliable protection for marine optical devices, have emerged as a focal point of research. This review summarizes recent advances in the structural design and functionalization of transparent marine antifouling coatings. First, the dynamic evolution of marine biofouling is described, and the optical failure starting point of underwater optical devices and its key influencing factors are clarified. Then, the key performance indicators of transparent antifouling coatings are systematically summarized. Meanwhile, the antifouling mechanisms are examined in depth. Subsequently, design strategies for transparent marine antifouling coatings are comprehensively discussed, including wettability regulation strategies, biocide-releasing strategies, bioinspired design, intelligent response, and composite design strategies. Finally, the key challenges faced by current transparent antifouling strategies are identified, and future research directions are proposed. This work provides a comprehensive and valuable reference for the future development and practical application of transparent marine antifouling coatings.</p>","PeriodicalId":87,"journal":{"name":"Materials Horizons","volume":" ","pages":"9523-9552"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148667645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extreme oxygen-rich functionalization of pyrazine <i>via</i> bis(trinitromethyl) substitution.","authors":"Abhishek Kumar Yadav, Richard J Staples, Haixiang Gao, Jean'ne M Shreeve","doi":"10.1039/d6mh01451h","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d6mh01451h","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of high-performance energetic materials that simultaneously achieve strong detonation performance, favorable oxygen balance, and sufficient thermal stability remains a central challenge. Guided by a molecular design strategy that integrates extreme oxygen-rich functionality into a compact heteroaromatic framework, we report, to our knowledge, the first bis(trinitromethyl)-substituted pyrazine, a six-membered heteroaromatic system bearing six nitro groups <i>via</i> two carbon-centered polynitro substituents. A systematic synthetic study enabled the preparation of a series of polynitro-substituted pyrazines (P2-P4), including 2,5-bis(dinitromethyl)pyrazine and 2,5-bis(fluorodinitromethyl)pyrazine, allowing direct evaluation of <i>gem</i>-dinitro <i>versus</i> trinitromethyl substitution. All experimentally realized compounds were characterized by multinuclear NMR, infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, DSC, and, for P2-P4, single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Physicochemical and energetic evaluations identify P4 as the best-balanced experimentally realized member of the series, combining high density (1.94 g cm^-3), a near-zero oxygen balance (-4.2%), moderate thermal stability (133 °C), and moderate impact sensitivity (8 J). Energetic performance calculations using a unified EXPLO5 protocol indicate that P4 delivers the highest overall detonation performance within the experimentally realized series, with a detonation velocity of 9301 m s^-1, a detonation pressure of 39.8 GPa, and a heat of detonation of 6150 kJ kg^-1. Targeted theoretical analyses of the experimentally relevant bottlenecks in the P1 and P5 routes suggest that the non-isolation of P1 and P5 is consistent with intrinsic electronic and steric constraints associated with further oxygen-rich functionalization of this scaffold. Collectively, these results establish pyrazine as a viable six-membered platform for bis(trinitromethyl) substitution and delineate experimentally grounded, computationally supported design boundaries for extreme oxygen-rich functionalization.</p>","PeriodicalId":87,"journal":{"name":"Materials Horizons","volume":" ","pages":"9821-9833"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148785553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Area-selective deposition for self-aligned e-beam lithography resist.","authors":"Pengzhe Cai, Yuanhao Shen, Xiaocheng Huang, Delong Liu, Junyi Chen, Shahid Iqbal, Yingwu Luo, Hanming Wu, Junjie Zhao","doi":"10.1039/d6mh00704j","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d6mh00704j","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As the cornerstone of semiconductor manufacturing, lithography drives the miniaturization of nanoscale devices. The solution-processed resists commonly used in lithography face crucial hurdles due to solvent-induced defects, such as pattern collapse and interfacial incompatibility. Although dry resists have emerged as a promising solution, the lack of self-alignment hinders the heterogeneous integration required for next-generation nanofabrication. Here, we report for the first time area-selective molecular layer deposition (AS-MLD) for a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) dry resist. By exploiting the differences in the lifetimes of plasma-generated radicals, we achieved self-aligned PMMA growth on an electron beam lithography resist (EBLR) surface, while limiting the growth on an Si/SiO₂ surface. The deposition selectivity remained above 97.5%, and the film thickness reached 122.5 nm on the EBLR surface. We found that tuning the process parameters offers control over the thickness from 2.8 Å/cycle to 46.8 Å/cycle, allowing on-demand shrinking for the critical dimension of nanostructures. Moreover, we developed two integrated processes for pattern transfer, demonstrating the versatility of our AS-MLD dry resist.</p>","PeriodicalId":87,"journal":{"name":"Materials Horizons","volume":" ","pages":"9765-9773"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148785619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modular carbon-Ni aerogel spheres as post-processable building blocks for lightweight broadband electromagnetic metamaterials.","authors":"Xiaoyu Bai, Yihui Zhou, Dao Cheng, Wenjuan Li, Changhuai Ye, Meifang Zhu","doi":"10.1039/d6mh01471b","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d6mh01471b","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aerogel microwave absorbers are attractive for lightweight electromagnetic protection, but conventional monolithic fabrication often couples porous-network formation with macroscopic shaping, limiting post-processability, scalable assembly, and device-level architectural design. Here, we report modular carbon-Ni (C-Ni) aerogel spheres as post-processable building blocks for lightweight broadband electromagnetic metamaterials. The spheres are fabricated by Ni²⁺-mediated coordination gelation, continuous injection, freeze-drying, and carbonization. During carbonization, the guar-gum-derived aerogel framework is converted into a hierarchical porous carbon network, while Ni species are transformed <i>in situ</i> into metallic Ni nanoparticles uniformly anchored within the carbon skeleton. Electromagnetic analysis and density functional theory calculations reveal that Ni-induced Ni/C heterointerfaces regulate interfacial polarization and conductive-network development, enabling an optimized balance between impedance matching and dielectric attenuation. The optimized spheres achieve an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 7.6 GHz and a minimum reflection loss of -49.9 dB. The spheres can further be assembled into curved, hexagonal, and periodic architectures. A fabricated C-Ni sphere-based metamaterial exhibits an ultrabroad EAB of 35.5 GHz in the 2-40 GHz range, with an areal density of 0.52 g cm^-2 and a thickness of 6.1 mm. This work provides a modular aerogel-materials strategy for transforming shape-locked porous absorbers into scalable, post-processable, and architecturally programmable electromagnetic devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":87,"journal":{"name":"Materials Horizons","volume":" ","pages":"9898-9912"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148811367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction: Pioneering non-thermal plasma as a defect passivator: a new Frontier in ambient metal halide perovskite synthesis.","authors":"Milad Mahiny, Hossein Lotfi, Maryam Beigmohammadi, Mehdi Pooriraj, Maryam Heydari, Alireza Shirzad, Hamidreza Mahfouzi, Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin, Abd Rashid Bin Mohd Yusoff, Hossein Movla","doi":"10.1039/d6mh90105k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6mh90105k","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Retraction of 'Pioneering non-thermal plasma as a defect passivator: a new Frontier in ambient metal halide perovskite synthesis' by Milad Mahiny <i>et al.</i>, <i>Mater. Horiz.</i>, 2025, <b>12</b>, 1826-1844, https://10.1039/d4mh01430h.</p>","PeriodicalId":87,"journal":{"name":"Materials Horizons","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149101203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulating photocatalytic nitrogen reduction <i>via</i> d-electron-mediated synergistic adsorption in dual-atom catalysts.","authors":"Chenxi Xia, Jianfeng Liu, Qiu He, Hongwei Li, Liangyuan Chen, Yan Xiong, Yan Zhao","doi":"10.1039/d6mh01371f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6mh01371f","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding the N₂ adsorption mechanism is pivotal for the rational design of high-performance photocatalysts for the nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR). Using density functional theory (DFT), we present a systematic investigation of 21 homo- and heteronuclear transition-metal dual-atom catalysts anchored onto graphitic carbon nitride (TM₁TM₂@g-CN; TM = Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, and Pd), revealing a predictive electronic descriptor governing their structural and adsorption behavior. We demonstrate that the TM pairs with a total d-electron count (<i>N</i>_d) less than 12 preferentially form 6-coordination configurations, while the others form 4-coordination configurations. Notably, catalysts with <i>N</i>_d < 12 enable a unique synergistic bridge-on adsorption, where one TM atom simultaneously interacts with both N atoms through the d_xz orbital, and the other TM atom binds with one N atom, facilitating enhanced π-backdonation into N₂ antibonding orbitals, which was confirmed through crystal orbital Hamilton population (COHP) and Bader charge analyses. This mechanism underpins the superior NRR performance of NbRu@g-CN, which exhibits the lowest limiting potential (-0.43 V), while MoMo@g-CN and RuPd@g-CN display superior photocatalytic driving force and NRR selectivity over the HER. These findings establish a predictive d-electron rule for rational dual-atom catalyst (DAC) design.</p>","PeriodicalId":87,"journal":{"name":"Materials Horizons","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149101145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breaking drug dependency: a self-antioxidant bilayer patch for oral ulcer treatment.","authors":"Yuan Ding, Qianyue Zeng, Xu Peng, Kai Ren, Miao Zhang, Xinyuan Xu, Xiaoming Huang, Tong Wu, Jing Xie, Jianshu Li","doi":"10.1039/d6mh01021k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6mh01021k","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oral ulcers (OUs) are a common ailment of the oral mucosa, leading to pain or even systemic illness affecting patient's daily lives. Current oral patch strategies primarily address the wet and dynamic environment of the oral cavity, but often overlook the immune-inflammatory responses with elevated oxidative stress, where reactive oxygen species (ROS) exacerbate tissue damage and delay healing. Moreover, drug-related cytotoxicity limits their clinical utility, necessitating drug-free therapeutic alternatives. Herein, a drug-free, asymmetric adhesion patch with ROS-scavenging capability was developed for OU treatment. The adhesion layer comprises poly-glycine conjugated to <i>β</i>-cyclodextrin (<i>β</i>-CD) <i>via</i> a diselenide bond, enabling localized ROS-scavenging, selenium supply and potential responsive drug release. The lubricating layer was formed by self-assembly of fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl-diphenylalanine (Fmoc-FF) on the acidic adhesion surface. In rat OU models, the asymmetric patch exhibited instant wet adhesion and effective anti-inflammation. The Se-donor regulates the cellular redox status by promoting GPx-4 biosynthesis, thereby maintaining redox homeostasis and accelerating OU healing.</p>","PeriodicalId":87,"journal":{"name":"Materials Horizons","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149101152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From oxidation state redefinition to exotic 2D magnetism: a unified picture for 1T-CrTe₂.","authors":"Bijoy Nharangatt, Andrea Maslov, Daniele Dragoni, Federico Totti","doi":"10.1039/d6mh01406b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6mh01406b","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The origin of the exciting magnetic and topological properties of the layered material 1T-CrTe₂ has long been obscured by an ambiguity in its formal oxidation states. By evaluating a broad range of structural, electronic, and magnetic observables available in the literature using density functional theory (DFT) and Wannier-based analysis, our integrated computational investigation shows that 1T-CrTe₂ is characterized by self-hole-doped Te 5p ligands, corresponding to a formal low-valent Cr²⁺/Te^- electronic configuration rather than the previously assumed Cr³⁺/Te₂^2- state. This unexpected Cr²⁺/Te^1- finding provides an unprecedented, unified framework that rationalizes the existing experimental data. Our work further unveils a previously overlooked Cr 3d-Te 5p interaction, which places the anion's p-orbitals at the heart of the system's magnetism. A thorough understanding of the underlying nature of electronic and magnetic properties is essential for the design of spintronic devices and the discovery of new topological phases driven by correlated magnetism.</p>","PeriodicalId":87,"journal":{"name":"Materials Horizons","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149101140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3d transition metal (Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) compounds for electrocatalytic nitrate reduction to ammonia: fundamentals, strategies, and progress.","authors":"Wenxiu Zhang, Xu Chen, Li Zhou, Xiaoyue Zheng, Lulu Wang, Yanru Yuan, Jiwen Wu, Xiang Li, Ping Che, Jinlong Zheng","doi":"10.1039/d6mh01029f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6mh01029f","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Under ambient conditions, electrocatalytic nitrate reduction (eNO₃RR) converts nitrate pollutants into ammonia, enabling sustainable ammonia production and wastewater treatment. However, practical applications are limited by the lack of efficient, selective, and stable electrocatalysts. 3d transition metal compounds are low-cost, tunable alternatives to noble metals. This review summarizes recent progress on these materials for eNO₃RR, covering reaction mechanisms, synthesis methods with strategic selection criteria for structural engineering targets, and four performance-enhancing strategies including vacancy engineering, doping engineering, interface engineering, and multi-strategy synergy, elucidating their structural and electronic modulation mechanisms on nitrate adsorption, intermediate conversion, active hydrogen (*H) utilization, and side reaction suppression. Current challenges and future directions are also discussed, including dynamic mechanism analysis, industrial-scale performance, and real wastewater testing. This review aims to guide the rational design of high-performance eNO₃RR catalysts and advance practical green ammonia synthesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":87,"journal":{"name":"Materials Horizons","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149101134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}