{"title":"Editor’s Choice: “Organic Electronics: What a Journey!”","authors":"Jean-Luc Brédas","doi":"10.1039/D3MH90049E","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D3MH90049E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A graphical abstract is available for this content</p>","PeriodicalId":87,"journal":{"name":"Materials Horizons","volume":" 11","pages":" 4660-4661"},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41091646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ting Yuan, Qian Teng, Chenhao Li, Jinsui Li, Wen Su, Xianzhi Song, Yuxin Shi, Huimin Xu, Yuyi Han, Shuyan Wei, Yang Zhang, Xiaohong Li, Yunchao Li, Louzhen Fan and Fanglong Yuan
{"title":"The emergence and prospects of carbon dots with solid-state photoluminescence for light-emitting diodes","authors":"Ting Yuan, Qian Teng, Chenhao Li, Jinsui Li, Wen Su, Xianzhi Song, Yuxin Shi, Huimin Xu, Yuyi Han, Shuyan Wei, Yang Zhang, Xiaohong Li, Yunchao Li, Louzhen Fan and Fanglong Yuan","doi":"10.1039/D3MH01292A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D3MH01292A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The significant features of carbon dots (CDs), such as bright and tunable photoluminescence, high thermal stability, and low toxicity, endow them with tremendous potential for application in next generation optoelectronics. Despite great progress achieved in the design of high-performance CDs so far, the practical applications in solid-state lighting and displays have been retarded by the aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) effect ascribed to direct π–π interactions. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent progress made in solid-state CD emitters, including their synthesis, optical properties and applications in light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Their triplet-excited-state-involved properties, as well as their recent advances in phosphor-converted LEDs and electroluminescent LEDs, are mainly reviewed here. Finally, the prospects and challenges of solid-state CD-based LEDs are discussed with an eye on future development. We hope that this review will provide critical insights to inspire new exciting discoveries on solid-state CDs from both fundamental and practical standpoints so that the realization of their potential in optoelectronic areas can be facilitated.</p>","PeriodicalId":87,"journal":{"name":"Materials Horizons","volume":" 1","pages":" 102-112"},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41186094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Khashayar Morshed-Behbahani, Donald Paul Bishop and Ali Nasiri
{"title":"A review of the corrosion behavior of conventional and additively manufactured nickel–aluminum bronze (NAB) alloys: current status and future challenges","authors":"Khashayar Morshed-Behbahani, Donald Paul Bishop and Ali Nasiri","doi":"10.1039/D3MH00951C","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D3MH00951C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The growing demand for materials with exceptional corrosion resistance and mechanical properties in the aerospace and ocean industries has led to increased research interest in versatile alloys like nickel–aluminum bronze (NAB). NABs exhibit excellent corrosion performance due to the formation of a protective, duplex corrosion product film on the surface, which is largely influenced by their complex microstructure. While NABs are typically produced as cast or wrought products, the emergence of additive manufacturing (AM) technologies has enabled 3D printing of near-<em>net</em>-shape NABs with intricate geometries. This paper provides a critical review of the corrosion properties, passivity, and microstructural characteristics of conventionally produced and AMed NAB alloys, as well as the fundamental mechanisms governing their corrosion behavior under varying conditions. Additionally, it highlights the current research gap and unprecedented challenges associated with the corrosion behavior of traditional and AMed NABs.</p>","PeriodicalId":87,"journal":{"name":"Materials Horizons","volume":" 12","pages":" 5391-5435"},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41090657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Huan Jiang, Arif M. Abdullah, Yuchen Ding, Christopher Chung, Martin L. Dunn and Kai Yu
{"title":"3D Printing of continuous fiber composites using two-stage UV curable resin†","authors":"Huan Jiang, Arif M. Abdullah, Yuchen Ding, Christopher Chung, Martin L. Dunn and Kai Yu","doi":"10.1039/D3MH01304A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D3MH01304A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >3D printing allows for moldless fabrication of continuous fiber composites with high design freedom and low manufacturing cost per part, which makes it particularly well-suited for rapid prototyping and composite product development. Compared to thermal-curable resins, UV-curable resins enable the 3D printing of composites with high fiber content and faster manufacturing speeds. However, the printed composites exhibit low mechanical strength and weak interfacial bonding for high-performance engineering applications. In addition, they are typically not reprocessable or repairable; if they could be, it would dramatically benefit the rapid prototyping of composite products with improved durability, reliability, cost savings, and streamlined workflow. In this study, we demonstrate that the recently emerged two-stage UV-curable resin is an ideal material candidate to tackle these grand challenges in 3D printing of thermoset composites with continuous carbon fiber. The resin consists primarily of acrylate monomers and crosslinkers with exchangeable covalent bonds. During the printing process, composite filaments containing up to 30.9% carbon fiber can be rapidly deposited and solidified through UV irradiation. After printing, the printed composites are subjected to post-heating. Their mechanical stiffness, strength, and inter-filament bonding are significantly enhanced due to the bond exchange reactions within the thermoset matrix. Furthermore, the utilization of the two-stage curable resin enables the repair, reshaping, and recycling of 3D printed thermosetting composites. This study represents the first detailed study to explore the benefits of using two-stage UV curable resins for composite printing. The fundamental understanding could potentially be extended to other types of two-stage curable resins with different molecular mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":87,"journal":{"name":"Materials Horizons","volume":" 12","pages":" 5508-5520"},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41094631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Changhao Li, Peng Yu, Zhengao Wang, Cheng Long, Cairong Xiao, Jun Xing, Binbin Dong, Jinxia Zhai, Lei Zhou, Zhengnan Zhou, Yan Wang, Wenjun Zhu, Guoxin Tan, Chengyun Ning, Yahong Zhou and Chuanbin Mao
{"title":"Electro-mechanical coupling directs endothelial activities through intracellular calcium ion deployment†","authors":"Changhao Li, Peng Yu, Zhengao Wang, Cheng Long, Cairong Xiao, Jun Xing, Binbin Dong, Jinxia Zhai, Lei Zhou, Zhengnan Zhou, Yan Wang, Wenjun Zhu, Guoxin Tan, Chengyun Ning, Yahong Zhou and Chuanbin Mao","doi":"10.1039/D3MH01049J","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D3MH01049J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Conversion between mechanical and electrical cues is usually considered unidirectional in cells with cardiomyocytes being an exception. Here, we discover a material-induced external electric field (<em>E</em><small><sub>ex</sub></small>) triggers an electro-mechanical coupling feedback loop in cells other than cardiomyocytes, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), by opening their mechanosensitive Piezo1 channels. When HUVECs are cultured on patterned piezoelectric materials, the materials generate <em>E</em><small><sub>ex</sub></small> (confined at the cellular scale) to polarize intracellular calcium ions ([Ca<small><sup>2+</sup></small>]<small><sub>i</sub></small>), forming a built-in electric field (<em>E</em><small><sub>in</sub></small>) opposing <em>E</em><small><sub>ex</sub></small>. Furthermore, the [Ca<small><sup>2+</sup></small>]<small><sub>i</sub></small> polarization stimulates HUVECs to shrink their cytoskeletons, activating Piezo1 channels to induce influx of extracellular Ca<small><sup>2+</sup></small> that gradually increases <em>E</em><small><sub>in</sub></small> to balance <em>E</em><small><sub>ex</sub></small>. Such an electro-mechanical coupling feedback loop directs pre-angiogenic activities such as alignment, elongation, and migration of HUVECs. Activated calcium dynamics during the coupling further modulate the downstream angiogenesis-inducing eNOS/NO pathway. These findings lay a foundation for developing new ways of electrical stimulation-based disease treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":87,"journal":{"name":"Materials Horizons","volume":" 11","pages":" 4903-4913"},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41089904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"MXene based flexible photodetectors: progress, challenges, and opportunities","authors":"La Li and Guozhen Shen","doi":"10.1039/D3MH01362F","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D3MH01362F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The growing interest in applying 2D transition-metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes) to diverse application fields such as energy storage and harvesters, catalysts, sensors, optoelectronics, electromagnetic interference shielding and antennas since its first discovery in 2011 is clearly evident. Their intrinsic high conductivity limits the development of MXenes in photodetectors that rely on the semiconducting properties of active materials, while the abundant functional groups on the surface of MXenes provide opportunities for using MXenes as sensing materials in the fabrication of flexible photodetectors. Considerable studies on MXene based photodetectors have been carried out, but the main obstacles include seeking novel semiconducting materials in MXene families, the manufacturing technology, <em>etc.</em> This review highlights the progress, challenges and opportunities in MXene based flexible photodetectors and discusses novel materials, architectures, and approaches that capitalize on our growing understanding of MXenes.</p>","PeriodicalId":87,"journal":{"name":"Materials Horizons","volume":" 12","pages":" 5457-5473"},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41186092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sergey K. Filippov, Ramil Khusnutdinov, Anastasiia Murmiliuk, Wali Inam, Lucia Ya. Zakharova, Hongbo Zhang and Vitaliy V. Khutoryanskiy
{"title":"Dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy in drug delivery: a roadmap for correct characterization of nanoparticles and interpretation of results","authors":"Sergey K. Filippov, Ramil Khusnutdinov, Anastasiia Murmiliuk, Wali Inam, Lucia Ya. Zakharova, Hongbo Zhang and Vitaliy V. Khutoryanskiy","doi":"10.1039/D3MH00717K","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D3MH00717K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In this focus article, we provide a scrutinizing analysis of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) as the two common methods to study the sizes of nanoparticles with focus on the application in pharmaceutics and drug delivery. Control over the size and shape of nanoparticles is one of the key factors for many biomedical systems. Particle size will substantially affect their permeation through biological membranes. For example, an enhanced permeation and retention effect requires a very narrow range of sizes of nanoparticles (50–200 nm) and even a minor deviation from these values will substantially affect the delivery of drug nanocarriers to the tumour. However, amazingly a great number of research papers in pharmaceutics and drug delivery report a striking difference in nanoparticle size measured by the two most popular experimental techniques (TEM and DLS). In some cases, this difference was reported to be 200–300%, raising the question of which size measurement result is more trustworthy. In this focus article, we primarily focus on the physical aspects that are responsible for the routinely observed mismatch between TEM and DLS results. Some of these factors such as concentration and angle dependencies are commonly underestimated and misinterpreted. We convincingly show that correctly used experimental procedures and a thorough analysis of results generated using both methods can eliminate the DLS and TEM data mismatch completely or will make the results much closer to each other. Also, we provide a clear roadmap for drug delivery and pharmaceutical researchers to conduct reliable DLS measurements.</p>","PeriodicalId":87,"journal":{"name":"Materials Horizons","volume":" 12","pages":" 5354-5370"},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2023/mh/d3mh00717k?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41181390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yajie Zhang, Xinyu Zhang, Chuan Ning, Kun Dai, Guoqiang Zheng, Chuntai Liu and Changyu Shen
{"title":"Mushroom-mimetic 3D hierarchical architecture-based e-skin with high sensitivity and a wide sensing range for intelligent perception†","authors":"Yajie Zhang, Xinyu Zhang, Chuan Ning, Kun Dai, Guoqiang Zheng, Chuntai Liu and Changyu Shen","doi":"10.1039/D3MH00679D","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D3MH00679D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Electronic skin (e-skin) is one of the most important components of future wearable electronic devices, whose sensing performances can be improved by constructing micropatterns on its sensitive layer. However, in traditional e-skins it is difficult to balance sensitivity and the pressure sensing range, and most micropatterns are generally prepared by some complex technologies. Herein, mushroom-mimetic micropatterns with 3D hierarchical architecture and an interdigital electrode are facilely prepared. The micropatterned sensitive layer is further developed through spraying carbon nanotube (CNT) dispersion on the thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film with mushroom-mimetic micropatterns (denoted as MMTC). Thanks to the “interlocking effect” between mushroom-mimetic micropatterns and the interdigital electrode in the as-prepared MMTC/interdigital electrode e-skin, the e-skin exhibits a high sensitivity (up to 600 kPa<small><sup>−1</sup></small>), a wide pressure sensing range (up to 150 kPa), a short response time (<20 ms) and excellent durability (15 000 cycles). The MMTC/interdigital electrode e-skin is capable of precisely monitoring health conditions <em>via</em> the as-acquired physiological parameters in real time. Moreover, such e-skins can be used to monitor gestures wirelessly, sense the trajectory of pressure stimuli and recognize Morse code under water. This study provides a cost-efficient, facile strategy to design e-skin for future-oriented wearable intelligent systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":87,"journal":{"name":"Materials Horizons","volume":" 12","pages":" 5666-5676"},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41091158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pulsed laser welding of macroscopic 3D graphene materials†","authors":"Wenjie Yu, Weiwei Zhao and Xiaoqing Liu","doi":"10.1039/D3MH01148H","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D3MH01148H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Welding is a key missing manufacturing technique in graphene science. Due to the infusibility and insolubility, reliable welding of macroscopic graphene materials is impossible using current diffusion-bonding methods. This work reports a pulsed laser welding (PLW) strategy allowing for directly and rapidly joining macroscopic 3D porous graphene materials under ambient conditions. Central to the concept is introducing a laser-induced graphene solder converted from a designed unique precursor to promote joining. The solder shows an electrical conductivity of 6700 S m<small><sup>−1</sup></small> and a mechanical strength of 7.3 MPa, over those of most previously reported porous graphene materials. Additionally, the PLW technique enables the formation of high-quality welded junctions, ensuring the structural integrity of weldments. The welding mechanism is further revealed, and two types of connections exist between solder and base structures, <em>i.e.</em>, intermolecular force and covalent bonding. Finally, an array of complex 3D graphene architectures, including lateral heterostructures, Janus structures, and 3D patterned geometries, are fabricated through material joining, highlighting the potential of PLW to be a versatile approach for multi-level assembly and heterogeneous integration. This work brings graphene into the laser welding club and paves the way for the future exploration of the exciting opportunities inherent in material integration and repair.</p>","PeriodicalId":87,"journal":{"name":"Materials Horizons","volume":" 12","pages":" 5597-5606"},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41090762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kaat Valkeneers, Jorne Raymakers, Quan Liu, Jochen Vanderspikken, Yuming Wang, Jurgen Kesters, Tyler James Quill, Zhen Liu, Niko Van den Brande, Laurence Lutsen, Koen Vandewal and Wouter Maes
{"title":"A tetrathienopyrrole-based ladder-type donor polymer for high-performance organic near-infrared cavity detectors†","authors":"Kaat Valkeneers, Jorne Raymakers, Quan Liu, Jochen Vanderspikken, Yuming Wang, Jurgen Kesters, Tyler James Quill, Zhen Liu, Niko Van den Brande, Laurence Lutsen, Koen Vandewal and Wouter Maes","doi":"10.1039/D3MH01010D","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D3MH01010D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Organic semiconductors can afford detection at wavelengths beyond commercial silicon photodetectors. However, for each targeted near-infrared wavelength range, this requires individually optimized materials, which adds to the complexity and costs. Moreover, finding molecules with strong absorption beyond 1 μm that perform well in organic photodetectors remains a challenge. In microcavity devices, the detection window can be extended to wavelengths inaccessible for silicon without the need for new materials by adopting an intelligent design. Previous work has demonstrated the applicability of a dithienopyrrole-based donor polymer (<strong>PDTPQx</strong>) in such a cavity photodetector device, with a photoresponse up to 1200 nm. In this work, the π-conjugated backbone of the polymer is extended, affording higher hole mobility and better donor:acceptor intermixing. This leads to enhanced peak external quantum efficiencies up to 1450 nm. The (thermal noise limited) detectivities achieved with the <strong>PTTPQx</strong> polymer (1.07 × 10<small><sup>12</sup></small> to 1.82 × 10<small><sup>10</sup></small> Jones) are among the very best in the 900–1400 nm wavelength regime.</p>","PeriodicalId":87,"journal":{"name":"Materials Horizons","volume":" 12","pages":" 5704-5711"},"PeriodicalIF":13.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41098896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}