Bioanalysis最新文献

{"title":"Low-volume collection devices for longitudinal biomarker monitoring in patient-centric sampling settings.","authors":"Szabolcs Simon-Guth, Ellinor Hedberg, Niclas Roxhed","doi":"10.1080/17576180.2026.2635921","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17576180.2026.2635921","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Advances in analytical techniques now enable biomarker detection from sample volumes as small as one microliter, reducing the need for large-volume specimen collection. This capability has supported the development of low-volume blood collection devices that allow frequent, longitudinal sampling outside traditional healthcare facilities, promoting decentralized and patient-centered sampling (PCS). The development of user-friendly, at-home sampling devices with reduced invasiveness and minimized sampling discomfort further enhances participant recruitment and retention in long-term longitudinal studies. These longitudinal studies are essential for tracking disease progression, uncovering molecular mechanisms underlying disease, and gaining insights into how external stimuli, such as diet, medication and physical activity, affect physiological responses. In this review, we highlight current low-volume sampling technologies and their role in longitudinal PCS environments, alongside biomarker detection assays for small-volume specimens.</p>","PeriodicalId":8797,"journal":{"name":"Bioanalysis","volume":" ","pages":"189-197"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12998021/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147347175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Affinity-maturation engineering via phage display to optimize anti-idiotype antibodies for neutralizing antibody assays.","authors":"Pai-Chi Tsai, Tara Condos, James Devlin, Krishna Chaitanya, Elisabeth Geyer Prinslow, Yuxin Dong, Yang Chao, Bonnie Wu, Jinquan Luo, Yong Jiang","doi":"10.1080/17576180.2026.2631639","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17576180.2026.2631639","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim/background: </strong>Anti-idiotype antibodies (anti-IDs) targeting therapeutic antibodies play a crucial role in the development of pharmacokinetic (PK), antidrug antibody (ADA), and neutralizing antibody (NAb) assays during preclinical/clinical phases. However, the generation of fit-for-purpose anti-IDs poses significant challenges, especially for NAb assay development, which requires high-affinity anti-IDs to be effectively competed with the target for its binding to the drug. Our preliminary results from NAb screenings revealed that all 19 anti-IDs generated from a mouse immunization campaign in conjunction with a hybridoma platform failed to demonstrate the ability to effectively inhibit the binding of therapeutic tri-specific mAb1 to the target arm protein 1.</p><p><strong>Method/results: </strong>We subjected the selected parental clone to affinity maturation utilizing phage display technology aimed at enhancing binding affinity and mitigating matrix interference. Following four rounds of panning, our assessments via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and biolayer interferometry (BLI) analysis demonstrated considerable enhancements in the binding affinity of 11 selected clones. Notably, three candidates further exhibited strong neutralizing capabilities to the drug target arm protein 1 within the matrix for NAb assays.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Affinity-improved anti-IDs enabled the development of a robust and fit-for-purpose competitive ligand-binding NAb assay.</p>","PeriodicalId":8797,"journal":{"name":"Bioanalysis","volume":" ","pages":"121-131"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12998010/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147301747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid quantification of bile acids in serum by LC-MS/MS and application to serum bile acid profile in voriconazole administered patients with invasive fungal infections.","authors":"Xuping Yang, Haoran Qin, Jing Ling, Lulu Dong, Yan Jiang, Sulan Zou, Nan Hu","doi":"10.1080/17576180.2026.2625865","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17576180.2026.2625865","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Disruption of bile acid homeostasis is implicated in the pathogenesis and progress of several liver diseases, including drug-induced liver injury (DILI). A rapid liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for quantifying 30 bile acids in human serum was developed and applied to analyze serum bile acid profile in voriconazole administered patients with invasive fungal infections.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The stable isotope-coded bile acids were used as internal standards. The analytes in serum samples (50 μL) were extracted by protein precipitation and isolated by a Kinetex EVO C₁₈ column (50 × 2.1 mm, 2.6 μm). The detection was performed using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) in electrospray negative ionization mode.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All of the 30 bile acids were sufficiently separated within 10 min with good linearity (<i>r</i> > 0.99) over tested calibration ranges. The accuracy and precision values were in the range of 85.42-114.3% and 1.8-13.8%, respectively. The matrix effect, recovery, stability, and dilution integrity all met the acceptance criteria. Serum bile acid profile changed in patients with supratherapeutic voriconazole concentration (>10 μg/mL).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of 30 bile acids in human serum might apply a new analytical approach for liver function evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8797,"journal":{"name":"Bioanalysis","volume":" ","pages":"57-68"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12997981/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146117595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mass spectrometry approaches for monitoring therapeutic response in major depressive disorder.","authors":"Sacaia Alvim Santos Romani, Matheus Leonardo Dallaqua Silva, Gabriel Borges Ravaglia, Patrick Cesar Ferreira, Charles Daniel Dos Anjos Carvalho, Thales Fernando Dias Pereira, Alessandra Sussulini","doi":"10.1080/17576180.2025.2608564","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17576180.2025.2608564","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex and disabling psychiatric condition, often chronic and recurrent, for which treatment selection remains largely guided by trial-and-error. Objective biomarkers capable of predicting and monitoring therapeutic response are urgently needed to enable personalized interventions and reduce exposure of the patients to ineffective treatments. Mass spectrometry (MS) has emerged as a central analytical technique, providing the sensitivity and specificity required to capture multi-parametric molecular signatures in biofluids such as plasma, serum, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine. In this context, this review summarizes the application of MS-based platforms to characterize molecular changes associated with treatment response in MDD and discusses how integrative multi-omics approaches can generate robust insights into treatment efficacy and resistance. We highlight current applications, discuss opportunities for MS-guided monitoring of therapeutic strategies, and outline how convergent molecular signatures may accelerate the development of clinically informative biomarkers for precision psychiatry in MDD.</p>","PeriodicalId":8797,"journal":{"name":"Bioanalysis","volume":" ","pages":"1785-1796"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12928614/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145861799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extracellular vesicle proteomics and metabolomics: analytical frameworks and translational insights.","authors":"Yasmine Fatima Akchiche, Mohamed El Fadel Ousmaal, Ali Zineddine Boumehira","doi":"10.1080/17576180.2026.2617928","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17576180.2026.2617928","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, the study of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has gained increasing attention due to their pivotal role in intercellular communication and their potential as noninvasive biomarkers and innovative therapeutic tools. Their molecular cargo, shaped by the source cell and its microenvironment, offers an accurate mirror of cellular states and pathophysiological dynamics. Characterizing this content provides critical insights into disease mechanisms, while paving the way for novel diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic strategies. Among their components, proteins and metabolites stand out for their functional relevance and biomarker potential. In this context, proteomics and metabolomics have emerged as key approaches to unravel the molecular complexity of EVs and clarify their biological functions, thereby advancing their translation into clinical applications. This review highlights the contributions of these disciplines, outlines associated analytical workflows, and discusses major technical challenges. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar for studies published between 2012 and 2025, focusing on proteomic and metabolomic analyses of EVs. Emphasis is placed on the need for methodological consensus to standardize protocols, improve inter-laboratory reproducibility, and support the successful clinical application of EV-based strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":8797,"journal":{"name":"Bioanalysis","volume":" ","pages":"1813-1835"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12928623/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146083494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunogenicity assay supporting clinical development of RGB-19, a proposed biosimilar to RoActemra®.","authors":"Attila Kónya, Kazuya Uchida, János Pál Tóth, Katsuaki Nagasawa","doi":"10.1080/17576180.2025.2601872","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17576180.2025.2601872","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>The aim of the work was to develop and validate an anti-drug antibody (ADA) assay for RGB-19, a proposed biosimilar to tocilizumab, capable of detecting anti-tocilizumab antibodies in the presence of high concentrations of soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R), the drug's pharmacological target.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A bridging electrochemiluminescent immunoassay was applied. To mitigate target interference, sarilumab - a high-affinity anti-sIL-6R antibody - was incorporated into the sample preparation. The assay was validated per EMA and FDA guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The assay demonstrated high sensitivity, robust precision, and selectivity across normal and diseased matrices. Drug tolerance exceeded 280 µg/mL at regulatory sensitivity thresholds, and target tolerance was confirmed up to 1000 ng/mL sIL-6R. Performance monitoring during Phase I and III clinical sample analysis confirmed stability and acceptable false-positive rates.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The validated ADA assay effectively neutralized sIL-6R interference and provided reliable immunogenicity assessment for RGB-19 clinical trials. Its robustness supports biosimilarity evaluation and ensures compliance with regulatory standards. Validation of this ADA assay is essential for regulatory compliance and patient safety. By ensuring accurate ADA detection under clinically relevant conditions, it supports biosimilarity demonstration and streamlines regulatory review, ultimately facilitating timely access to cost-effective biologic therapies.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>https://jrct.mhlw.go.jp.<b>Identifiers are:</b> jRCT2031230029 and jRCT2031220512.</p>","PeriodicalId":8797,"journal":{"name":"Bioanalysis","volume":" ","pages":"1581-1590"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12867457/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145773273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2025 White Paper on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis: Biomarkers Calibrators & Stability; Evaluation of NULISA; Neurofilament & Autoantibody Biomarker Assays; Removing IgM Interference; ELISpot & FluoroSpot Best Practices; Modular HD Cytometry; Single-cell Analysis Imaging Cytometry (PART 2A - Recommendations on Biomarkers Discovery, Development, Validation & Regulatory Approval, Ligand-Binding Assays (LBA) and Cell-Based Assays (CBA) PART 2B - Regulatory Agencies' Input on Biomarkers, IVD/CDx and Biomarker Assay Validation (BAV)).","authors":"Sarah Hersey, Kristina McGuire, Olga Kholmanskikh, Nicoletta Bivi, Abbas Bandukwala, Binsheng Gong, Chad Irwin, Soma Ray, Michele Gunsior, Andrei Avanesov, Brian Baker, Sarah Bond, Alexander Braun, Alessandra Buoninfante, Francis Dessy, Xiaodong Fang, Fabio Garofolo, Emily Gomme, Amanda Hays, Lindsay King, Christian Mayer, Jessica McGregor, Melis McHenry, Anna Nowocin, Carrie Rubel, Gerard Sanderink, Bradley Scott, Ingrid Scully, Agnes Seyda, Jeroen Stoop, Huaping Tang, Joao Tavares Neto, Karl Walravens, Kai Wang, Sarah Wassmer, Wenming Xiao, Liang Zhu, Jad Zoghbi, Catherine Brockus, Corinne Petit-Frere, Kelly Coble, Sally Fischer, Graham Yearwood, Liching Cao, Mark Dysinger, Christine Grimaldi, Yong Jiang, Alison Joyce, Claire Kerridge, Kun Lu, Fred McCush, Katrina Nolan, Ellen O' Connor, Rachel Palmer, Kimberly Reese, Kay-Gunnar Stubenrauch, Thorsten Verch, Christopher Beaver, Luis Mendez, Vilma Decman, Kamala Bhavaraju, James Huleatt, Paul C Trampont, Steven Eck, Polina Goihberg, Enrique Gomez Alcaide, Michael Nathan Hedrick, Rashmi Jalah, Shannon McGrath, William Ogorman, Sandra Prior, Sarita Sehra, Saleem Shaik, Nathan Standifer, Chad Stevens, Erin Stevens, Yongliang Steve Sun","doi":"10.1080/17576180.2025.2599698","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17576180.2025.2599698","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The 19^th Workshop on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis (19^th WRIB) took place in New Orleans, LA, USA on April 7-11, 2025. Over 1200 professionals representing pharma/biotech companies, CROs, and multiple regulatory agencies convened to actively discuss the most current topics of interest in bioanalysis. The 19^th WRIB included 3 Main Workshops and 7 Specialized Workshops that together spanned 1 week to allow an exhaustive and thorough coverage of all major issues in bioanalysis of biomarkers, immunogenicity, gene therapy, cell therapy and vaccines.Moreover, in-depth workshops on \"Implementation Practice for the Newest ELN/LIMS Systems\" and on \"Vaccine Cell-Based/Functional & Molecular Assays as part of the harmonization of vaccine clinical assays global initiative\" were the special features of the 19^th edition.As in previous years, WRIB continued to gather a wide diversity of international, industry opinion leaders and Regulatory Agency experts working on both small and large molecules as well as gene, cell therapies and vaccines to facilitate sharing and discussions focused on improving quality, increasing regulatory compliance, and achieving scientific excellence on bioanalytical issues.This 2025 White Paper encompasses recommendations emerging from the extensive discussions held during the workshop and is aimed to provide the bioanalytical community with key information and practical solutions on topics and issues addressed, in an effort to enable advances in scientific excellence, improved quality and better regulatory compliance. Due to its length, the 2025 edition of this comprehensive White Paper has been divided into three parts for editorial reasons.This publication (Part 2) covers in the Part 2A the recommendations on Biomarkers/BAV, IVD/CDx, Ligand-Binding Assays and Cell-Based Assays and in Part 3B the Regulatory Inputs on these topics. Part 1 (Mass Spectrometry Assays and Regulated Bioanalysis/BMV) and Part 3 (Gene Therapy, Cell therapy, Vaccines and Biotherapeutics Immunogenicity) are published in volume 18 of Bioanalysis, issues 3 and 1 (2026), respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":8797,"journal":{"name":"Bioanalysis","volume":" ","pages":"1481-1533"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12867365/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146083920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accelerating the discovery of MET inhibitors powered by high-throughput hit identification.","authors":"Hua Zhang, Liwen Zhang, Chang Liu","doi":"10.1080/17576180.2025.2601855","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17576180.2025.2601855","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8797,"journal":{"name":"Bioanalysis","volume":" ","pages":"1535-1537"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12867439/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145773288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and validation of a method for quantitation of CTx-1 for the assessment of biosimilarity of FKS518, a denosumab biosimilar.","authors":"Adriano L Soares de Souza, Anna Lucia Buccarello, Amandine Berthet, Martin Ullmann, Corinne Petit-Frere","doi":"10.1080/17576180.2025.2607081","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17576180.2025.2607081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fresenius Kabi has developed FKS518, a fully human monoclonal antibody biosimilar to denosumab. The clinical development program included two randomized comparative trials: a PK study in healthy volunteers and a safety and efficacy study in osteoporosis patients. The demonstration of similarity and equivalence between FKS518 and reference denosumab included the quantitation of the serum biomarker C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of Type 1 collagen (CTx-1), a well-established marker of bone resorption. This paper details the development, validation, and analytical performance of the method for CTx-1 quantitation, emphasizing how the Context of Use (CoU) shaped the validation requirements. Application of the method in samples from the pharmacokinetic (PK) equivalence study allowed demonstration of pharmacodynamic (PD) similarity between FKS518 and Prolia. This publication also addresses the use of endogenous serum control (ESC) samples in monitoring assay performance. A retrospective analysis indicated that applying more flexible ranges and/or omitting ESC-based criteria for run acceptance would not have substantially changed the CTx-1 results. While recognizing the value of ESCs for stability and trending analysis and the importance of rigorous biomarker method development and validation in the assessment of biosimilarity, this paper fosters the discussion whether run acceptance based on tight ESC acceptance limits is always necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":8797,"journal":{"name":"Bioanalysis","volume":" ","pages":"1655-1669"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12928660/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145826802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Streamlined neutralizing antibody assay development: overcoming serum interference, utilization of DOE and automation.","authors":"Kelly Ngoc Pham, Nazneen Bano, Leonard J Rubinstein, James Schiller, Wolfgang Seghezzi, Faye Vazvaei-Smith, Weifeng Xu","doi":"10.1080/17576180.2025.2608560","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17576180.2025.2608560","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study detailed the troubleshooting and optimization of a challenging neutralizing antibody (NAb) assay using a previously published PEG precipitation, Acid Dissociation, and Biotin-drug as Assay Drug (PABAD) method to overcome high drug interference.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A strong NAb positive control, PC3, showed poor recovery in the PABAD workflow. A PABAD-compatible PC, PC31 was selected among different anti-idiotype antibodies with varied kinetic profiles. A three-tier Design of Experiment (DOE) approach was applied to optimize assay conditions. Centrifugation-based Bluewasher protocols were also established to automate the handling of PEG pellets.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The reason for the poor performance of PC3 with the PABAD method was identified, and a sensitive NAb assay was successfully developed using PC31.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The poor recovery of PC3 was not due to incompatibility with the PABAD method, but rather to its non-specific interaction with serum factors. Once a specific NAb PC was identified, the NAb assay was successfully developed using PABAD, demonstrating a broad application of the method. DOE-assisted assay development cut the development time by half and meaningfully improved the assay sensitivity. Finally, the implementation of the Bluewasher in the pellet wash further reduced assay variability and enhanced automation of the PABAD method.</p>","PeriodicalId":8797,"journal":{"name":"Bioanalysis","volume":" ","pages":"1707-1718"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12928649/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145916938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}