BioChip JournalPub Date : 2024-06-27DOI: 10.1007/s13206-024-00158-y
Dowon Moon, Seong-Eun Kim, Chuangqi Wang, Kwonmoo Lee, Junsang Doh
{"title":"Deep Learning-Based Automated Analysis of NK Cell Cytotoxicity in Single Cancer Cell Arrays","authors":"Dowon Moon, Seong-Eun Kim, Chuangqi Wang, Kwonmoo Lee, Junsang Doh","doi":"10.1007/s13206-024-00158-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13206-024-00158-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The cytotoxicity assay of immune cells based on live cell imaging offers comprehensive information at the single cell-level information, but the data acquisition and analysis are labor-intensive. To overcome this limitation, we previously developed single cancer cell arrays that immobilize cancer cells in microwells as single cell arrays, thus allow high-throughput data acquisition. In this study, we utilize deep learning to automatically analyze NK cell cytotoxicity in the context of single cancer cell arrays. Defined cancer cell position and the separation of NK cells and cancer cells along distinct optical planes facilitate segmentation and classification by deep learning. Various deep learning models are evaluated to determine the most appropriate model. The results of the deep learning-based automated data analysis are consistent with those of the previous manual analysis. The integration of the microwell platform and deep learning would present new opportunities for the analysis of cell–cell interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8768,"journal":{"name":"BioChip Journal","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141503422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BioChip JournalPub Date : 2024-06-25DOI: 10.1007/s13206-024-00157-z
Phan Gia Le, Sungbo Cho
{"title":"Recent Developments in MXene-Based Enzyme-Free Electrochemical Glucose Sensing","authors":"Phan Gia Le, Sungbo Cho","doi":"10.1007/s13206-024-00157-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13206-024-00157-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Diabetes mellitus is now on the rise worldwide, drawing a lot of attention from scientists. Well-uncontrolled diabetes leads to many serious diseases, including cardiovascular, ophthalmic, and nephrotic. It also caused 6.7 million deaths by 2021 and put a strain on the healthcare system. Therefore, developing useful methods for precisely diagnosing the current glucose concentration can serve as a gold standard for future treatment of diabetes. The classification of electrochemical glucose sensors with and without enzymes has been researched and developed. Among them, the use of enzymes in sensor fabrication results in high costs and easy denaturation in extreme conditions, whereas an enzyme-free approach can overcome these disadvantages and extend life expectancy. To support this, diverse nanomaterials were used, including MXene as an emerging material with favorable physiochemical properties that can be adapted for nonenzymatic electrochemical glucose sensor fabrication. In this study, diabetic disease, synthesis and application of MXene, and electrochemical biosensor were discussed. The application of MXene was thoroughly researched using recent representative publications. Conclusions and prospects for the MXene-based nonenzymatic electrochemical sensor are also explored and discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":8768,"journal":{"name":"BioChip Journal","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141503421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BioChip JournalPub Date : 2024-06-03DOI: 10.1007/s13206-024-00156-0
Kyeong Seok Kim, Inae Lee, Joonseok Lee
{"title":"Synergetic Chemo-Mechano Antimicrobial Puncturable Nanostructures for Efficient Bioaerosol Removal","authors":"Kyeong Seok Kim, Inae Lee, Joonseok Lee","doi":"10.1007/s13206-024-00156-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13206-024-00156-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Concerns regarding air pollution and the risk of infectious diseases caused by bioaerosols have led to growing demand for effective filtration solutions. The effective capture of bioaerosols is essential; however, addressing the potential multiplication of captured aerosols on the air filter over time is also crucial. Therefore, the development of air filters with enhanced antimicrobial protection is imperative for preventing the proliferation of bioaerosols and ensuring safer and healthier air filtration systems. In this study, antimicrobial peptides conjugated nanostructures were used to enhance the capture and killing of bioaerosols with synergistic chemo-mechano-antimicrobial actions. We designed a puncturable nanostructure on an air filter and functionalized it with the antimicrobial LL-37 peptide. Bioaerosol filtration and antimicrobial performance tests were conducted to evaluate the synergistic effects of the antimicrobial puncturable nanostructures on bioaerosol removal. The peptide-conjugated puncturable nanostructured air filter outperformed bare air filters in bioaerosol capture and exhibited significantly better contact-killing properties against bioaerosols. These attributes indicate the ability of the filter to significant capture and kill airborne pathogens. The synergetic chemo-mechano-antimicrobial nanostructured filter is promising for combating airborne threats and serves as a safe filtration solution that is free from biotoxicity concerns and is suitable for widespread implementation in the market.</p>","PeriodicalId":8768,"journal":{"name":"BioChip Journal","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141254108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Microphysiological Systems as Organ-Specific In Vitro Vascular Models for Disease Modeling","authors":"Ungsig Nam, Seokhun Lee, Ashfaq Ahmad, Hee-gyeong Yi, Jessie S. Jeon","doi":"10.1007/s13206-024-00152-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13206-024-00152-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The vascular system, essential for human physiology, is vital for transporting nutrients, oxygen, and waste. Since vascular structures are involved in various disease pathogeneses and exhibit different morphologies depending on the organ, researchers have endeavored to develop organ-specific vascular models. While animal models possess sophisticated vascular morphologies, they exhibit significant discrepancies from human tissues due to species differences, which limits their applicability. To overcome the limitations arising from these discrepancies and the oversimplification of 2D dish cultures, microphysiological systems (MPS) have emerged as a promising alternative. These systems more accurately mimic the human microenvironment by incorporating cell interactions, physical stimuli, and extracellular matrix components, thus facilitating enhanced tissue differentiation and functionality. Importantly, MPS often utilize human-derived cells, greatly reducing disparities between model and patient responses. This review focuses on recent advancements in MPS, particularly in modeling the human organ-specific vascular system, and discusses their potential in biological adaptation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8768,"journal":{"name":"BioChip Journal","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140932107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BioChip JournalPub Date : 2024-05-13DOI: 10.1007/s13206-024-00155-1
Keying Li, Jeongtae Kim, Yujin Jeong, Moo-Seung Lee, Chiwan Koo
{"title":"On-Site Food Toxin Detection System Using a Gb3-Immobilized Microchip and a Portable Fluorescence Sensing System","authors":"Keying Li, Jeongtae Kim, Yujin Jeong, Moo-Seung Lee, Chiwan Koo","doi":"10.1007/s13206-024-00155-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13206-024-00155-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Shiga toxin (Stx) is one of the most potent bacterial toxins known to cause serious gastrointestinal disease in humans. However, the high costs in terms of time, equipment, and operators hinder their further application in timely diagnosis. In this work, we provide a method of coating globotriaosylceramide (Gb<sub>3</sub>), an Stx receptor, on a glass chip to detect food toxins in real time and a portable fluorescence detection system that can diagnose Stx after loading the chip. The total size of the system with an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display is about 8.8 × 6.2 × 15 cm<sup>3</sup> and its weight is about 375.5 g with a lithium-ion battery. The novel solvent-assisted lipid bilayer method was utilized to coat a bilayer of receptors on the glass substrate instead of placing a bi-lipid membrane and inserting receptors into the membrane, thereby increasing the fluorescence intensity within the chip and being detected by the system. The optimal conditions for coating receptors were verified and the flow rate of 3 μL/min and flow time of 10 min for the process of solvent exchange showed relatively good efficiency. The limit of detection was 250 pg/mL of Stx1B and the system successfully detected Stx in the lettuce eluate sample. The stability of the chip remained highly reliable within 3 days of storage, but after 14 days, the chip lost most of its detection ability due to delamination of the coated receptor bilayer.</p>","PeriodicalId":8768,"journal":{"name":"BioChip Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140932106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BioChip JournalPub Date : 2024-05-07DOI: 10.1007/s13206-024-00153-3
Zeeshan, Sathish Panneer Selvam, Jaehwan Park, Sungho Park, Hee-Eun Kim, Sungbo Cho
{"title":"Electrochemical Detection of S-RBD Protein for Point-of-Care SARS-CoV-2 Monitoring Using Platinum-Black-Based Sensor Array","authors":"Zeeshan, Sathish Panneer Selvam, Jaehwan Park, Sungho Park, Hee-Eun Kim, Sungbo Cho","doi":"10.1007/s13206-024-00153-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13206-024-00153-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a substantial increase in the advancement of point-of-care (POC) diagnostic tools due to their potential utility in detecting and managing the spread of the disease. Currently, many diagnostic techniques necessitate advanced laboratory equipment and specialized expertise to deliver dependable, cost-effective, specific, and sensitive POC tests for COVID-19 diagnosis. Herein, we report a highly sensitive electrochemical sensor array that features S-RBD protein, covalently anchored on the surface-engineered Pt-black-coated microdisk gold electrodes to monitor severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Computer simulations were performed using different electrode gaps to optimize and fabricate the gold microdisk electrode array. The high sensitivity was ensured by decreasing the electrode gap as well as by depositing Pt-black nanoparticles on the microdisk gold electrodes, by means of chronopotentiometry. The electrical readout depends on monitoring changes in the cyclic voltammograms at the electrode/electrolyte interface as a result of the competitive interaction between monoclonal COVID-19 antibodies and varying antigen concentrations. Overall, the developed electrochemical sensor array exhibits promising electroanalytical capabilities by displaying an excellent linear response ranging from 100 to 1 µg/ml with a detection limit of ~ (0.23 ng/ml). In addition, as a proof-of-concept application, the developed electrochemical sensor array was employed as a sensing platform for the detection of heat-inactivated SARS-CoV-2. Such accomplishments highlight the advantages of low-cost localized electronic devices with high sensitivity and rapid multiple samples detection capabilities to play a crucial role in controlling the spread of infectious diseases like COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":8768,"journal":{"name":"BioChip Journal","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140886592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BioChip JournalPub Date : 2024-04-03DOI: 10.1007/s13206-024-00147-1
Gahyun Lee, Yonghyun Choi, Joohye Hong, Jiwon Kim, Jayoung Chae, Suyeon Ahn, Heejin Ha, Eunseo Jeong, Hee-Young Lee, Jonghoon Choi
{"title":"All-Rounder Liposomes in Cancer Immunotherapy: Strategies and Design Applications of Engineered Liposomal Nanomaterials","authors":"Gahyun Lee, Yonghyun Choi, Joohye Hong, Jiwon Kim, Jayoung Chae, Suyeon Ahn, Heejin Ha, Eunseo Jeong, Hee-Young Lee, Jonghoon Choi","doi":"10.1007/s13206-024-00147-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13206-024-00147-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cancer is a major health problem worldwide, which is responsible for more than 10 million deaths annually. Cancer treatment has traditionally been based on chemotherapy and surgery; however, owing to cytotoxicity, drug resistance, and non-specificity, cancer immunotherapy, which involves using the patient’s own immune system in treatment, has recently gained prominence as a new cancer treatment strategy. Cancer immunotherapy includes strategies such as adoptive T-cell therapy, immune checkpoint blockade, and cancer vaccines, all of which have shown significant anticancer effects. To improve the therapeutic effectiveness and safety and lower the side effects of these strategies, nano- and micro-technologies are being applied to advance the technology. Several studies have reported the use of liposomes (i.e., lipid nanoparticles) in the context of cancer treatment. Liposomes, which are excellent carriers with biocompatibility, amphiphilicity, and drug protection, can be used for passive and active targeting to enhance the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we summarize cancer immunotherapy and discusses the strategies and benefits of using various liposomes in cancer immunotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":8768,"journal":{"name":"BioChip Journal","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140599001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BioChip JournalPub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.1007/s13206-024-00151-5
Jaeyong Jung, Jeong Soo Sung, Tae-Hun Kim, Min-Jung Kang, Joachim Jose, Hyun-Jin Shin, Jae-Chul Pyun
{"title":"One-Step Immunoassay for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein Using Screened Fv-Antibodies","authors":"Jaeyong Jung, Jeong Soo Sung, Tae-Hun Kim, Min-Jung Kang, Joachim Jose, Hyun-Jin Shin, Jae-Chul Pyun","doi":"10.1007/s13206-024-00151-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13206-024-00151-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fv-antibodies against the nucleocapsid protein (NP) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were screened from an Fv-antibody library, and a one-step immunoassay was performed to detect SARS-CoV-2 using real viral samples. The Fv-antibody library was prepared using site-directed mutagenesis of the CDR3 region, which was composed of 11 amino acids. To screen the target <i>Escherichia coli</i> from the Fv-antibody library, the expressed probes [N-terminal domain (NTD) labeled with GFP and C-terminal domain (CTD) labeled with GFP] were reacted separately with the Fv-antibody library. After oligonucleotide sequencing, two clones for each probe were selected as the final clones. The screened Fv-antibodies with the binding affinity to NTD (or CTD) were expressed as soluble proteins, and the affinity constant (K<sub>D</sub>) was calculated to be 25.4 nM for NTD and 26.9 nM for CTD. The expressed Fv-antibodies were used for the one-step immunoassay based on switching-peptides, which were bound to the expressed Fv-antibodies. The one-step immunoassay based on Fv-antibodies could be used for the linear detection of SARS-CoV-2 NP, and the limit of detection (LOD) was estimated to be 9.6 nM (438 ng/mL) for Anti-NTD and 14.1 nM (639 ng/mL) for Anti-CTD. For the demonstration of one-step immunoassay for SARS-CoV-2, NATtrol™ SARS-CoV-2 real sample was used, and the LOD was estimated to be 29.7 copies/mL (Ct = 39.5) using Anti-NTD and 117.8 copies/mL (Ct = 38.0) using Anti-CTD. The measured LOD for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 using a one-step immunoassay based on the switching-peptide was considered feasible for the medical diagnosis of COVID-19. Finally, the interaction between the screened Fv-antibodies and SARS-CoV-2 NP was investigated using docking simulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8768,"journal":{"name":"BioChip Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140599007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BioChip JournalPub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.1007/s13206-024-00148-0
{"title":"Acoustofluidic Microbioreactor Using Surface Acoustic Wave-induced Acoustic Streaming Flow","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s13206-024-00148-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13206-024-00148-0","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <p>Microbioreactors have been widely utilized as an alternative to conventional benchtop reactors, since the miniaturized platforms offer advantages including reduced sample volume and homogeneous microenvironments. Here, we proposed an acoustofluidic microbioreactor based on surface acoustic wave (SAW)-induced acoustic streaming flow (ASF). The SAW-induced ASF, which originates from the wave attenuation in a fluid, allows rapid mixing and heat transfer for enhanced mass and heat transfer within the sample fluid. We conducted thorough numerical and experimental investigations on the acousto-hydrodynamics and heat transfer phenomena to find an optimal frequency in the prescribed cylindrical microwell. We found that the homogenous chemical concentration and temperature distributions within the fluid were rapidly achieved by the SAW-induced ASF in the proposed device. For proof-of-concept demonstration of practical applicability, we cultured <em>Escherichia coli</em> as a model cell using the proposed acoustofluidic microbioreactor. From comparative evaluation with conventional platforms including a shaker incubator and a microplate shaker, we confirmed that the bacteria growth rate was enhanced in the proposed acoustofluidic microbioreactor due to the high homogeneity in the chemical concentration and temperature by the acoustic agitation, without any moving mechanical components. We expect that the proposed ASF-based microbioreactor can be broadly utilized for various biological applications that require homogeneous mixing and temperature gradient within a reaction medium.</p>","PeriodicalId":8768,"journal":{"name":"BioChip Journal","volume":"301 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140602444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BioChip JournalPub Date : 2024-03-26DOI: 10.1007/s13206-024-00150-6
Sung Tae Jang, Seo Jin Kim, Jueun Kim, Eun Seop Yoon, Oh Seok Kwon, Kyoung G. Lee, Bong Gill Choi
{"title":"Fabrication of Highly Ordered Nanopillar Array Electrode for High-Performance Humidity Sensors","authors":"Sung Tae Jang, Seo Jin Kim, Jueun Kim, Eun Seop Yoon, Oh Seok Kwon, Kyoung G. Lee, Bong Gill Choi","doi":"10.1007/s13206-024-00150-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13206-024-00150-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Humidity sensors are used in various applications to provide suitable environmental conditions. High-performance humidity sensors require highly sensitive active sites to detect water molecules. In this study, a nanopillar-array-based electrode (NAE) was developed, which has a large specific surface area and is applicable to various humidity-sensing materials. The NAE, which was fabricated via photo-lithography and soft lithography, exhibited superior electrochemical capacitance and diffusion behavior compared to flat electrodes. The NAE-based humidity sensor exhibited a high sensitivity and linearity, low hysteresis error, and long-term stability for a duration of 25 days. Moreover, the humidity sensor maintained a consistent impedance signal in a mechanically bent state. Furthermore, the real-time monitoring performance of the humidity sensor was demonstrated by measuring humidity changes during plant transpiration.</p>","PeriodicalId":8768,"journal":{"name":"BioChip Journal","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140301305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}