East African journal of public health最新文献

{"title":"Achievements and challenges of resource allocation for health in a decentralized system in Tanzania: perspectives of national and district level officers.","authors":"Tumaini Nyamhanga,&nbsp;Gasto Fruemnce,&nbsp;Mughwira Mwangu,&nbsp;Anna-Karin Hurtig","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The goal of this study was to identify the achievements and challenges of a resource allocation process in a decentralized health system in Tanzania as they are perceived by national and district level officers.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This study was conducted between May 2011 and July 2012 in two districts of Dodoma region: Kongwa and Bahi. Data were collected from 25 key people involved in policy, planning and management aspects for the allocation of financial resources from the central government to local government districts. Thus, the recruitment of the study participants was purposive, as it took account of their positions and experience in health resource allocation and management. The data were collected through conversation in face-to-face in-depth interviews with the officers concerned. The data were analysed manually using qualitative content analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study has identified the achievements and challenges of resource allocation in a decentralized health system of Tanzania. The achievements include: the design and use of a needs-based resource allocation formula; reduced resource allocation inequalities between rural and urban districts; and a wide discretion by the district council to mobilize and utilize health insurance funds and user fees. On the other hand, the challenges are: the disbursed funds fall far short of centrally determined budget ceilings, and the funds are sent late; Council Health Management Teams (CHMT) develop budgets but are restricted on the percentage they can allocate to different areas--so there is severe under-funding of disease prevention and health promotion initiatives at the community level.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study has identified achievements that should be further nurtured and challenges that should be worked on for the improvement of the decentralized health system. Thus, as a way forward, it is recommended that the equitable allocation of resources should go beyond the recurrent costs for the delivery of health services.</p>","PeriodicalId":87601,"journal":{"name":"East African journal of public health","volume":"10 2","pages":"416-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32590674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of the Automated Disaster and Emergency Planning Tool in developing district level public health emergency operating procedures in three East African countries.","authors":"G C Orach,&nbsp;S Mamuya,&nbsp;R W Mayega,&nbsp;S J Tabu,&nbsp;J Kiguli,&nbsp;A Keim,&nbsp;D Menya,&nbsp;N Mock,&nbsp;G Burnham,&nbsp;J Killewo,&nbsp;W Bazeyo","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sub-Saharan Africa is vulnerable to several natural and man-made disasters. We used the CDC Automated Disaster and Emergency Planning Tool (ADEPT) to develop all-hazards disaster management plans at district level in three eastern African countries.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>During July 2008-February 2011, we used the automated disaster and emergency planning tool to conduct training on disaster planning and management in the three east African countries namely Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. We trained district disaster teams per country. We held 7 trainings in Tanzania, 8 in Uganda and 10 in Kenya respectively. The district disaster management teams trained comprised five district administrative personnel and a national Red Cross officer. The training took 5 days.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 100 districts teams (40 in Uganda and 35 in Kenya and Tanzania respectively) were trained using the ADEPT and consequently 100 district disaster response plans were developed during 2008-2011. A total 814 district disaster team members from these districts were trained. Our experience has shown that the Automated Disaster Emergency Planning Tool is a relatively quick, easy, practical, participatory and inexpensive approach to developing emergency operating plans at the sub-national (district) level.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The ADEPT can be used relatively easily, quickly and inexpensively at the sub-national levels to develop emergency operating procedures to improve disaster management. Although the ADEPT enables district disaster response teams to generate their disaster response plans, the use of the ADEPT may be hampered by lack of computer skills and knowledge of MS computer programme by district personnel in resource limited settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":87601,"journal":{"name":"East African journal of public health","volume":"10 2","pages":"439-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32591109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opportunities for strategic use of e-learning in scaling up disaster management capacity in Eastern Africa: a descriptive analysis.","authors":"G. C. Orach, S. Mamuya, R. Mayega, S. Tabu, Juliet Kiguli, A. Keim, D. Menya, N. Mock, Gilbert M Burnham, J. Killewo, W. Bazeyo","doi":"10.4314/EAJPH.V10I2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EAJPH.V10I2","url":null,"abstract":"Background : The growing need for disaster management skills at all levels in Eastern Africa requires innovative approaches to training planners at all levels. While information technology tools provide a viable option, few studies have assessed the capacity for training institutions to use technology for cascading disaster management skills. Methods : The design was an explorative survey. A pre-training survey was conducted among 16 faculty members (9 academic staff and 7 information technology (IT) staff) from 7 schools of public health in Eastern Africa. Key informant interviews with 4 students and 4 staff members were conducted at the school of public health in Makerere. IT staff also conducted observations on trends of use of information technology infrastructure. Results : Current levels of use of ICT among teaching and IT staff is variable. On-site use of the internet is high, but off-site access is low. Personal computers, e-mail, discussion forums and other web-based learning management platforms and open education resources (OERs) have been variably used by faculty and students to facilitate learning. On the other hand, videos, web-conferencing, social media, web-based document management tools, and mobile telephone applications were much less frequently used. A disaster management short course produced by the Health Emergencies Management Project (HEMP) has been adapted to a web-based open education resource and an interactive CD-ROM. Challenges included low levels of awareness and skills in technology options among students and faculty and access to reliable internet. Conclusions : Despite the existing challenges, technology tools are a viable platform for cascading disaster management skills in Eastern Africa. Keywords : Information and Communication technology, e-learning","PeriodicalId":87601,"journal":{"name":"East African journal of public health","volume":"10 1","pages":"403-409"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70509162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Institutional frameworks for management of epizoonotic emergencies in six countries in the Eastern Africa region: a situational analysis.","authors":"W Bazeyo,&nbsp;Roy W Mayega,&nbsp;I Nabukenya,&nbsp;J Keyyu,&nbsp;S Mamuya,&nbsp;S J Tabu,&nbsp;L Senna,&nbsp;M Mohammad,&nbsp;E Rugigana,&nbsp;A Alingi,&nbsp;M Mapatano,&nbsp;J Kiguli,&nbsp;C G Orach,&nbsp;G Burnham,&nbsp;J Killewo","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The Eastern Africa region is a hot-spot for epidemics of emerging zoonotic diseases ('epizoonotics'). However, the region's capacity for response to epidemics of zoonotic origin has not been documented. This paper presents a multi-country situational analysis on the institutional frameworks for management of zoonotic epidemics in the Eastern Africa region.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A multi-country assessment of 6 country teams was conducted (Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Ethiopia, DRC and Rwanda). It involved a review of records and interviews with key informants from agencies with a stake in the management of zoonotic and disasters in general in the respective countries. Qualitative data were analyzed for key emerging themes.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>There are many socio-cultural risk factors to epidemic prone zoonotic diseases in the region. Countries have varying levels of preparedness for zoonotic emergencies. All 6 countries have a framework for disaster management. However, technical response to epidemics is managed by the line sectors, with limited Inter-sectoral collaboration. Some sectors were disproportionately more prepared than others. Surveillance systems are mostly passive and inadequate for early detection. All 6 countries have built reasonable capacity to respond to avian influenza, but not other zoonotic emergencies. Most countries lack personnel at the operational levels, and veterinary public health services are ill-facilitated.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is need to strengthen veterinary public health services at all levels, but with a 'one health' approach. There is also need to establish 'risk-based surveillance' hot spots for zoonotic epidemics and to build community resilience 'epizoonotic' diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":87601,"journal":{"name":"East African journal of public health","volume":"10 2","pages":"387-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32590670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hazard analysis of Arid and semi-Arid (ASAL) regions of Kenya.","authors":"J S Tabu,&nbsp;J A Otwelo,&nbsp;P Koskei,&nbsp;P Makokha","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This paper describes a situationanalysis on hazards in the Arid and semi-Arid lands of Kenya. The leading hazards affecting the Arid and semi-arid lands are mainly natural and include among others drought, floods, and landslides. Other hazards of importance were found to be war and conflict, HIV/AIDS and fires. Over 80% of these are weather related.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The overall objective of this study was to prioritize hazards in the ASAL region. Specifically, the study identified the top ten hazards in the ASAL Districts of Kenya, determined Probability of occurrence; Analyzed the potential impact of the hazard and utilizing multiplier effect prioritized the Hazards using a hypothetical model.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This was a descriptive study conducted in over half of the Kenya's ASAL Districts in four regions of Lower and Upper Eastern, North Eastern and part of the Coast region. Six Districts were purposively selected per region with six officers from each District all totaling one hundred and forty four. The sectors where respondents were sourced from were Agriculture, Health, local Government, and Provincial Administration, Environment and NGO. The members through a consensus process analyzed hazards in groups of their respective districts using a tool that had been developed and respondents trained on its use.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One hundred and forty four (144) officers from Twenty four Districts in the four regions were recruited. One hundred twenty seven (81%) were male and only 27 (19% ) were female The representation of participants per sector was Governance 25% followed by Civil society organizations 21%, Health 16%, Agriculture and arid lands 15%, Research and scientific institutions 13%. The top Priority Hazards identified using the mean score were Drought and famine (5.4) Epidemics and epizootics (3.8), HIV/AIDS (3.6), War and conflict (2.5), Floods (2.5) CONCLUSIONS: The exercise confirmed the priority hazards in the Arid and semi-arid regions of Kenya and described vulnerability factors that included water scarcity, poverty and low educational levels. The region suffers from a variety of hazards in particular Drought and famine, Epidemics including HIV/AIDS and War and conflict. Environmental degradation though given a low score may be more of a perception. There is need to undertake a comprehensive hazard and Vulnerability analysis at regional and country level to inform interventions and other developmental activities. Women should be targeted at the community and leadership level, and efforts to empower them should be stepped up.</p>","PeriodicalId":87601,"journal":{"name":"East African journal of public health","volume":"10 2","pages":"410-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32590673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective public health management: The Nigerian experience","authors":"Tazebew Demilie, Getenet Beyene, W. Tsegaye, Selabat Melaku","doi":"10.4314/EAJPH.V10I3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EAJPH.V10I3","url":null,"abstract":"Public health management in Nigeria is the process of mobilizing and deploying resources for the provision of effective public health services. To ensure an effective public health, population based strategies would need to be put in place and this would require proper management to yield desired results. This paper focused on the review of the public health management system in Nigeria and identified useful and relevant interventions that would help properly situate public health management in Nigeria. Key Words: Effective, Public Health Management, Nigerian experience","PeriodicalId":87601,"journal":{"name":"East African journal of public health","volume":"10 1","pages":"260-264"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70509321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acceptability and perception of Kisumu city college students on induced abortion and its legalization in Kenya","authors":"J. Owenga, A. Otieno, Bo Abong’o, Carren A Watsierah","doi":"10.4314/EAJPH.V10I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EAJPH.V10I1","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study was designed to determine factors influencing acceptability and perception of college students on induced abortion and its legalization. Method: The study was a cross-sectional descriptive survey where both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods were used. The survey was carried out in 414 college students both male and female aged between 20-35 years within Kisumu city, Nyanza Province of Western Kenya. A questionnaire was used to collect quantifiable data while focus group discussion was used to collect rich information on participant’s views and opinions on induced abortion and its legalization. Results: The study showed that 75.5% of the students did not approve of legalization of abortion. Many of the students viewed abortion negatively mentioning various reasons, 21.1% said it is bad and dangerous, 36.6% said it is sinful and ungodly, 19.8% said it is risky killing and destructive and 10.7% said it should be outlawed completely. Among the ones who viewed abortion positively 3.9% said its bad but solves issues of unplanned pregnancies, 4.1% said its good if done for medical reasons while 3.6% said it is useful for preventing unwanted outcomes. Conclusion: This study has therefore shown that most of the college students view abortion negatively and this can be exploited in order to reduce maternal deaths caused by unsafe abortions. Key words: Acceptability, perception, induced abortion, legalization, Kisumu","PeriodicalId":87601,"journal":{"name":"East African journal of public health","volume":"76 1","pages":"313-319"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70509415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancement of scientific research on Helicobacter pylori in humans: where do we stand?","authors":"S A H Andrabi,&nbsp;H Shamila,&nbsp;S Masooda","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) has been associated with humans for millions of years and its association wih gastroduodenal diseases has well been established. Research explosion has added vastly to the current dimensions. The new and unusual pattern of involvement in the form of diffuse duodenal nodular lymphoid hyperplasia (DDNLH) due to specific strain of H. pylorii has been reported from Kashmir recently, which heckles early recognition and treatment and on the other hand, we continue to face challenges so far as the prevention of carcinoma of stomach, a worst sequlae of H. pylori is concerned although population screening and prevention surveys are underway in many countries. Continued scientific work has now unfolded involvement of H.pylori in extragastric diseases like cerebrovascular, cardiovascular, idiopathic thrombocytopenia, sideroblastic anaemia, mental diseases, and collagen vascular disease .Moreover the beneficial effects of H. pylori with respect to allergic diseases and obesity are clear. Problem of drug resistance for eradication of H. pylori has arisen for which novel treatments are tried. Lactobacillus reuteri having ant H.pylori action is one of the promising treatment as is now available in India for usage. The main challenges which remain are prevention of H. pylori related diseases by effective treatment and screening procedures and development of a vaccine which can address all these issues including beneficial aspects of H. pylori.</p>","PeriodicalId":87601,"journal":{"name":"East African journal of public health","volume":"9 3","pages":"118-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31036125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of HIV-1 infection in Zanzibar: results from a national HIV-1 serosurvey 2002.","authors":"Kagoma S Mnyika,&nbsp;Cyprian K Makwaya,&nbsp;Elgeus F Lyamuya,&nbsp;Klinton Nyamuryekung'e,&nbsp;Felix E Ndyetabura,&nbsp;Mohamed U J Dahoma,&nbsp;Salim Ali,&nbsp;S Mzee","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the prevalence of HIV-1 infection in Pemba and Zanzibar islands</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used an interviewer-administered questionnaire that consisted of pre-coded and open-ended questions consisting of 29 items. The questionnaire was developed in English and translated into Swahili language before use. The questionnaire was pilot tested and modified before use. A total of 30 Shehias were randomly selected for the survey out of a total of 248 Shehias. A Shehia is the smallest government administrative unit in Pemba and Zanzibar that consists of two to three villages. The study sample was obtained through cluster random sampling of 76 households from each Shehia. Informed consent was sought from the Head of household and from each potential eligible participant. Eligibililty criteria included all persons aged 12 years and above who slept overnight in the selected household at the time of the study. Exclusion criteria included non-residents of Zanzibar and Pemba such as tourists, Informed consent from persons below the age of 18 years were witnessed and ratified by their parents, guardians, caretakers or neighbours. All consenting participants were included in the study sample. Blood sports were collected using filters and tested for HIV-1 using ELISA test at the Zanzibar Reference Laboratory. Samples found positive for ELISA were subjected to a 2nd ELISA test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The total number of persons who participated in the survey was 5852 out of 5868 eligible persons giving the overall response rate of 99.7%. Of the 5852 persons who participated in the survey, 41% (N = 2414) were males and 59% N = 3455) were females. The overall mean age of the study population was 30.4 years with age ranging from 12-65 years. The overall prevalence of HIV-1 infection was 0.6% with more women being significantly affected than men (0.9% versus 0.2%; adjusted OR = 2.88, 95% CI = 1.16-7.12). Of the 5852 persons who participated in the survey, 5.7% admitted having had casual partner in the past 6 months and of these 19.6% reported having used a condom during the most recent casual sex.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We conclude that HIV-1 infection in Zanzibar is still low and women are more affected than men.</p>","PeriodicalId":87601,"journal":{"name":"East African journal of public health","volume":"9 3","pages":"123-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31036126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antiretroviral drug adherence by HIV infected children attending Kericho District Hospital, Kenya.","authors":"N Talam Langat,&nbsp;W Odero,&nbsp;P Gatongi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine ARV drug adherence levels in children (aged 3 to 14 years) attending Kericho District Hospital (KDH), Kenya.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional design was used to collect data from a random sample of caregivers of 230 children on ARVs for a study period of six months (i.e. 1st August 2010 to 31st January 2011). The study population comprised HIV infected children on ARVs and their caregivers. The caregivers whose children met the selection criteria were selected. A structured pre-tested, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to interview the caregivers of the HIV infected children who were selected from among those who took the children for treatment. The interview was continued on the consecutive caregivers until the sample of 230 children was attained. The key variables examined were; demographic information of caregivers and children and drug adherence levels. Measures of adherence included; drug/pill counting and estimate of volumes of syrup remaining from the last prescription, caregiver reports (on keeping clinic appointments and timing of taking ARVs by the child), and drug refill data (from pharmacy records). Data was analyzed using SPSS version 12.0.1 with statistical significance set at P < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The adherence levels based on time of taking ARV drugs was 56.1%, keeping clinic appointments 45.7%, No ARVs returned (i.e. took all drugs assessed through pill counts) 27%, and pharmacy drug refill was 47.8%. The overall average adherence level was suboptimal at 44.2%. It was recommended that caregivers of the HIV infected children should be educated on importance of strict adherence to prescribed doses of ARVs to the children. Future research should explore using multiple measures of adherence and reasons for non-adherence among HIV infecting children.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The drug adherence level was sub-optimal.</p>","PeriodicalId":87601,"journal":{"name":"East African journal of public health","volume":"9 3","pages":"101-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31033993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}