East African journal of public health最新文献

{"title":"Immunogenicity and efficacy of Hoshino strain of mumps vaccine in Iran; two years study.","authors":"M Avijgan,&nbsp;M Hafizi,&nbsp;M Moghni,&nbsp;S Kheiri,&nbsp;A Esteghamati,&nbsp;S Sarikhani","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This report describes the immunogenicity and efficacy and long term immunity of Hoshino strain of Mumps (included in MMR Vaccine) in shahr-e-kord, Islamic Republic of Iran (I.R.Iran). A total of 338 Children aged 3-18 years were tested for Mumps IgG using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The proportion of susceptible, mumps IgG negative, children was 19.8% (67 subjects). Of the 67 susceptible children, 36 received the MMR vaccination and successfully completed the study. Blood was collected by venipuncture 3, 12, and 24 months after vaccination and serum samples were tested by ELISA for detection of Mumps IgM and IgG. The overall seroconversion rate was 86.1%, 77.7% and 75% at 3, 12, and 24 months after vaccination respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":87601,"journal":{"name":"East African journal of public health","volume":"8 2","pages":"88-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40138491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-percieved need for dental care: a questionnaire study.","authors":"Mahantesh B Siddibhavi,&nbsp;Anil V Ankola,&nbsp;Nehal Gandhi,&nbsp;Gaurav Khandelwal,&nbsp;Heena Sharma","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To assess the prevalence of perceived need of problem based dental care.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>- To evaluate the self-perceived need for dental care in general population.To assess the need for any type of dental care in general population of Belgaum city.To assess the need of general dental check-ups.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A convenient sample of 300 in the range of 20-60 years of age was randomly selected from general population of Belgaum city. The questionnaire consisted of general information of the respondent like name, age, sex, address .The respondents were asked to mark the answers, confidentiality of the results is assure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>More number of males are in a need of dental treatment than compared to females .Many people think that their teeth need to be cleaned by dentist.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings indicate that although most of the people were not satisfied with condition of oral health and describe their condition of teeth as fairly poor and mostly visited the dentist when they are in pain. Most of the population do neither have appointment to see a dentist nor they ought to go to a dentist for check up very soon .Many people think that their teeth need to be cleaned by dentist.</p>","PeriodicalId":87601,"journal":{"name":"East African journal of public health","volume":"8 2","pages":"119-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40138496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antenatal care and morbidity profile of pregnant women in an urban resettlement colony of Delhi, India.","authors":"N Rustagi,&nbsp;J G Prasuna,&nbsp;M D Vibha","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>The burden of antenatal morbidities and health care services utilization during antenatal period serve an important role in defining service needs and to assess reproductive health status of women.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the burden of antenatal morbidities in women and to assess the health care utilization by study subjects during antenatal period.</p><p><strong>Materials and method: </strong>A community based follow up study was carried out in an urban resettlement colony of Delhi. All pregnant women in the study area were enrolled and followed for two more visits to collect information about morbidities suffered and health care services utilized during pregnancy. Appropriate tests of significance were applied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 358 women enrolled, three hundred could be followed for two more visits. Majority of women (80.3%) suffered one or more morbidities during their current pregnancy but overall care sought for illness during pregnancy was poor. Visits for routine preventive check up was made by most of women (95% and above) but recommended three antenatal visits was significantly low among women of age more than thirty (OR=16.6; 2.2-125.9), of lower middle socio economic status (OR=2.84; 1.16-6.93) and parity three or more (OR=4.37; 1.07-17.83). Women with education status of high school and above had significantly lower odd ratio (OR=0.33; 0.11-0.99) for having less than three antenatal visits.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Care sought for antenatal morbidities is still poor among women of urban resettlement colonies and age, parity and education of women has a significant bearing on antenatal visits.</p>","PeriodicalId":87601,"journal":{"name":"East African journal of public health","volume":"8 2","pages":"157-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40138974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of percieved body image on nutrient intake and nutritional health of female students of Moi University.","authors":"J. Waswa","doi":"10.4314/EAJPH.V8I2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EAJPH.V8I2","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVES\u0000Issues related to dietary patterns and body image concerns have been among western cultures. It would therefore be inappropriate to use these findings as a basis of intervention in developing countries because this is an emerging issue in developing countries. Although this situation may be in Kenya, there is no data to quantify it and thus the need for research in this area. The main objective of this study was to investigate the perceived body image of Moi University undergraduate female students and its influence on their nutrient intake and nutritional health.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000Cross sectional Survey was done on 260 female students of Moi University aged 20-25. Stratified followed by systematic sampling was used to get the sample. Questionnaires were used to collect data. Measurements of weight, height and mid-upper arm circumference were taken by the researcher using standardized procedures and equipments. SPSS was used for data analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize data. Chi square tests, t- tests and logistic regression were further done.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000It was found that most of the respondents with positive (69%) and negative (75%) body image were not comfortable with overweight. The mean BMI was 21.73 +/- 3.03 kg/m2 and MUAC was 26.55 +/- 3.15 cm. Prevalence of underweight and overweight based on BMI was 46% and 9% respectively. Mean intakes of energy, protein, vitamin A and iron were, 1245.92 kcals/day, 36.99g/day, 368.29 RE/day and 12.6g/day respectively. Factors associated with adequacy of nutrient intake were knowledge on food choice and irregular meal patterns.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000There is need for nutritional counseling and education among university students to address the issue of body image vis a viz food intake since most students skipped meals and this together with knowledge on food choice were found to significantly predict nutrient intake and body image perceptions.","PeriodicalId":87601,"journal":{"name":"East African journal of public health","volume":"8 2 1","pages":"123-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70510651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elemental profile in amniotic fluid of some Nigerian pregnant women.","authors":"M I Yahaya,&nbsp;A O Ogunfowokan,&nbsp;E O Orji","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study concentration level of calcium, cadmium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, nickel, lead and zinc were determined in the amniotic fluid of pregnant women, aged 15 - 45 years enrolled at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex Ile - Ife. This was with a view to predict the body burden of the metals in the pregnant women and assess the health implications of the toxic elements to the pregnant women and their fetuses. Fifty samples of the amniotic fluid were collected from the pregnant women. The efficiency of extraction of trace metals using conventional wet acid digestion method (CDM) and microwave induced acid digestion method (MWD) was determined by recovery experiments. Levels of trace metals were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. The high percentage recoveries obtained from MWD made it a more efficient method than the CDM and hence its adoption for sample digestion. Statistical analysis of data using descriptive and inferential statistics revealed that age; education and profession have effects on the levels of the trace metals. The mean levels of most of the toxic metals obtained in this study were lower than the recommended limits of trace metals in women whole blood.</p>","PeriodicalId":87601,"journal":{"name":"East African journal of public health","volume":"8 2","pages":"92-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40138492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental pollution of lead in traffic air and blood of traffic policemen in Khartoum State, Sudan.","authors":"Salah M Rahama,&nbsp;Hiba E Khider,&nbsp;Sitt Nour H Mohamed,&nbsp;Sara A Abuelmaali,&nbsp;Arwa H Elaagip","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>A cross sectional study was conducted in Khartoum State. A total of 45 males' traffic policemen were divided into two groups according to exposure to car exhaust; n=30 taken as exposed group, n=15 taken as controls, who were not exposed to car exhaust.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The study was conducted to determine lead concentrations in traffic ambient air, to determine lead levels in blood of traffic policemen, and to evaluate the effect of exposure to car exhaust on traffic policemen during January 2009.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The level of lead in ambient air was determined in 14 locations which were taken randomly at the intersections and entrances to the bridges using personal sampler \"Cassella, U.K\". The blood samples of all policemen were analyzed by atomic absorption Spectrophotometer to determine lead levels. A questionnaire was designed to assess the adverse health effects on the traffic policemen.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The degree of environmental lead pollution in traffic ambient air was found to be 0.1937 +/- 0.1768 mg/m3 with range between 0.000-0.5166 mg/m3. In seven locations out of fourteen locations lead concentrations were 0.1940 and 0.5166 above the permissible level of 0.15 mg/m3 permitted internationally. Blood lead levels on traffic policemen (exposed and control groups) were found to be 2.4691 +/- 1.4065 microg/100 ml and 0.3944 +/- 1.2471 microg/100 ml respectively and there is no significant differences between the two groups where using SPSS program. A questionnaire findings were: average age mean of 35.9 +/- 7.7 years, 47.48% worked for periods of more than 20 years, 74.19% did not work before joining the traffic police, 51.6% of them recognized traffic air pollution as a problem of high level, 45.2% of them estimated it as medium, and 3.2% as low. As habits 38.71% were smokers, and for health complaints, 61.29% have various complaints of headache, fatigue, abdominal, hypertension and anemia. All these symptoms have a close relationship with lead poisoning.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>When we compared the results of age groups and work duration with lead levels of blood samples the results was not significant.</p>","PeriodicalId":87601,"journal":{"name":"East African journal of public health","volume":"8 2","pages":"138-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40138971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive review of diverse issues related to sickle cell disease.","authors":"H S Nikhar,&nbsp;S U Meshram,&nbsp;G B Shinde","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This review was carried out to understand diverse issues in sickle cell disease (SCD), such as its prevalence, clinical manifestations, preventive measures, secondary infections, nutrition and therapies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A deductive reasoning approach was followed to unearth the information from the published literature. Vast amount of resources (online and offline) were referred to collect and analyse the content related to SCD. The research publications were analysed following the standard content analysis procedures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study results revealed a dearth of literature. The available information seems inconclusive due to the local nature of the disease, the high prevalence in the developing world where the accessibility to healthcare is a big issue. The prevalence data is scarce; the studies conducted so far reveal a very small sample size making the generalization of results difficult.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The review of literature for diverse issues related to Sickle cell disease (SCD) revealed varied aspects to address the SCD related issues. Although there are reports that provide interesting insights of SCD, majority of them are inconclusive. The prevalence reported by different authors varies significantly that warrants initiation of a comprehensive SCD screening programme. The pathophysiological changes in the patients with SCD present a challenging and dynamic situation, which needs to be studied in more details. The many clinical complications reported by different authors call for a more concerted effort for additional understanding. Furthermore, the studies conducted so far are found to have very less sample size, especially in light of the prevalence estimates reported by various authors. The review indicates the important aspects of SCD that are to be addressed in urgency such as follow-up of newborns screening tests, stroke prevention, pregnancy complications, pain prevention, morbidity and mortality studies, and genetic studies for the better life of people with SCD.</p>","PeriodicalId":87601,"journal":{"name":"East African journal of public health","volume":"8 2","pages":"164-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40138976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilization of alternative medical services by people of a north central city of Nigeria.","authors":"O L Abodunrin,&nbsp;T Omojasola,&nbsp;O O Rojugbokan","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The use of alternative therapies is becoming more popular in the recent times especially due to the increasing cost, distrust and limitations of modern western medical care. There is a universal trend toward naturalness and herbal medicine is now being modernized and being accepted by people who would not have used them. This community based study seeks to assess the prevalence, pattern, behaviour and determinants of AT use.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>It was a cross-sectional descriptive survey among adults in the Ilorin city of Nigeria. Participants were selected by multistage sampling and information obtained by the use of semi-structured questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Total prevalence AT use was 67.7% while total prevalence of indigenous and foreign AT use was 44.8 and 30.4% respectively. Among indigenous AT users, 87.5% will use both conventional and modernized type while 12.5% will use only the modernized type. More than 10% were new users of AT. Respondents use AT for promotive, preventive and curative purposes. Only 3.5% were considered as safe users according to 9-point items. The male respondents and the never married ones practice a safer use of alternative therapy (p<0.05). Similarly, the respondents with higher educational status also have a safer practice of AT use (p<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is high prevalence but unsafe AT use in Ilorin. There should be intensification of regulation of advertisement and sales of unwholesome herbal medicines. Further research to integrate the practice into modern healthcare is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":87601,"journal":{"name":"East African journal of public health","volume":"8 2","pages":"82-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40138490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of percieved body image on nutrient intake and nutritional health of female students of Moi University.","authors":"J Waswa","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Issues related to dietary patterns and body image concerns have been among western cultures. It would therefore be inappropriate to use these findings as a basis of intervention in developing countries because this is an emerging issue in developing countries. Although this situation may be in Kenya, there is no data to quantify it and thus the need for research in this area. The main objective of this study was to investigate the perceived body image of Moi University undergraduate female students and its influence on their nutrient intake and nutritional health.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cross sectional Survey was done on 260 female students of Moi University aged 20-25. Stratified followed by systematic sampling was used to get the sample. Questionnaires were used to collect data. Measurements of weight, height and mid-upper arm circumference were taken by the researcher using standardized procedures and equipments. SPSS was used for data analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize data. Chi square tests, t- tests and logistic regression were further done.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>It was found that most of the respondents with positive (69%) and negative (75%) body image were not comfortable with overweight. The mean BMI was 21.73 +/- 3.03 kg/m2 and MUAC was 26.55 +/- 3.15 cm. Prevalence of underweight and overweight based on BMI was 46% and 9% respectively. Mean intakes of energy, protein, vitamin A and iron were, 1245.92 kcals/day, 36.99g/day, 368.29 RE/day and 12.6g/day respectively. Factors associated with adequacy of nutrient intake were knowledge on food choice and irregular meal patterns.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is need for nutritional counseling and education among university students to address the issue of body image vis a viz food intake since most students skipped meals and this together with knowledge on food choice were found to significantly predict nutrient intake and body image perceptions.</p>","PeriodicalId":87601,"journal":{"name":"East African journal of public health","volume":"8 2","pages":"123-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40138497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergence of dengue virus serotype 3 on Mayotte Island, Indian Ocean.","authors":"T Lernout,&nbsp;C Giry,&nbsp;P Binder,&nbsp;B Zumbo,&nbsp;E Durquety,&nbsp;G Lajoinie,&nbsp;E D'Ortenzio,&nbsp;L Filleul","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A serosurvey carried out in 2006 in Mayotte, a French overseas collectivity in the Indian Ocean, confirmed previous circulation of dengue virus (DENV) on the island, but since the set up of a laboratory-based surveillance of dengue-like illness in 2007, no case of DENV has been confirmed. In response to an outbreak of DENV-3 on Comoros Islands in March 2010 surveillance of dengue-like illness in Mayotte was enhanced. By September 15, 76 confirmed and 31 probable cases of DENV have been identified in Mayotte. In urban and periurban settings on the island, Aedes albopictus is the predominant Aedes species, but Ae. aegyptii remains the most common species in rural areas. Given the epidemic potential of dengue virus in Mayotte, adequate monitoring including early detection of cases, timely investigation and sustained mosquito control actions remain essential.</p>","PeriodicalId":87601,"journal":{"name":"East African journal of public health","volume":"8 2","pages":"155-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40138973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}