East African journal of public health最新文献

{"title":"Factors associated with mortality among premature babies admitted at Bugando medical centre, Mwanza - Tanzania","authors":"Godfrey B Mbawala, F. Fredrick, Erasmus Kamugisha, E. Konje, A. Hokororo","doi":"10.4314/EAJPH.V11I4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EAJPH.V11I4","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background: Prematurity, birth asphyxia and infections are the leading causes of neonatal mortality globally. This study was conducted to determine the mortality and associated factors among premature neonates at Bugando Medical Centre, Mwanza-Tanzania. Methods: One hundred and three premature neonates delivered at Bugando Medical Centre and other health facilities but referred to Bugando Medical Centre (BMC) were recruited for this study between February and May, 2012. Questionnaires were used to obtain clinical and demographic data from neonates and their mothers. Neonates were followed up for seven days to determine complications and mortality. Results: Neonatal mortality within seven days of life was noted to be 39.4% (39/99).At least one episode of hypothermia was noted in 43/99 (43.4%), 37/99 (37.4%) hadrespiratory distress syndrome and 32/99 (32.3%) had infection. Significantly higher mortality was noted in neonates born to younger mothers (p=0.02) and those with primary education level (p< 0.047). Mortality was significantly lower for twin neonates (p=0.001) and those delivered by caesarean section (p=0.013).Among the independent predictors of mortality noted in this study were extremely low birth weight (ELBW)[OR 24; 95% CI 4.6-125.8 (p < 0.01)] and presence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) [OR 31.5; 95% CI 6.5-152.6 (p < 0.001)]. Conclusions: High mortality was noted among premature neonates in the first week of life. Maternal age, extremely low-birth weight and presence of RDS were noted to be predicators of mortality.","PeriodicalId":87601,"journal":{"name":"East African journal of public health","volume":"11 1","pages":"641-645"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70509868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of district disaster management teams after undergoing an operational level planners' training in Uganda.","authors":"Christopher Garimol Orach,&nbsp;Roy William Mayega,&nbsp;Vincent Woboya,&nbsp;Bazeyo William","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Uganda is vulnerable to several natural, man-made and a hybrid of disasters including drought, famine, floods, warfare, and disease outbreaks. We assessed the district disaster team's performance, roles and experiences following the training.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The disasters most commonly experienced by the district teams were epidemics of diseases in humans (7 of 12), animals (epizoonotics) (3 of 12) and crops (3 of 12); hailstorms and floods (3 of 12). The capabilities viewed most useful for management of disasters were provision of health care services (9/12) and response management (8 of 12). The capability domains most often consulted during the disasters were general response management (31%), health services (29%) and water and sanitation (17%). The skills areas perceived to be vital following the training were response to epidemics 10/12, disaster management planning 8/12, hazards and vulnerability analysis 7/12 and principles of disaster planning 7/12 respectively. Main challenges mentioned by district teams were inadequacy of finance and logistics, lack of commitment by key partners towards disaster preparedness and response.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The most common disaster experienced disasters related to outbreaks of diseases in man, animals and crops. The most frequently applied capabilities were response management and provision of emergency health services. The activities most frequently implemented following disaster management teams training were conducting planning meetings, refinement of plans and dissemination of skills gained. The main challenges were related to limited budget allocations and legal frameworks for disaster management that should be addressed by both central and local governments.</p>","PeriodicalId":87601,"journal":{"name":"East African journal of public health","volume":"10 2","pages":"459-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32591111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A descriptive analysis of the institutional frameworks for disaster management in Uganda: structures, functions and gaps.","authors":"R W Mayega,&nbsp;M R Wafula,&nbsp;V Woboya,&nbsp;M Musenero,&nbsp;A Omale,&nbsp;G C Orach,&nbsp;J Kiguli,&nbsp;G Kabagambe,&nbsp;W Bazeyo","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is insufficient documentation of the institutional frameworks for disaster management and resilience at different levels in sub-Saharan Africa. The objective of this study was to describe the institutional framework for disaster management in Uganda, and to identify actionable gaps at the different levels.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was part of a multi-country assessment in which 6 countries in Eastern Africa developed and applied a common tool. The assessment was qualitative in nature employing a mixed methods approach including review of documents, interviews with key informants from agencies involved in disaster management in Uganda, group discussions with stakeholder and synthesis meetings of the assessment team.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The Office of the Prime Minister is the lead agency for disaster management, but management of disasters of a technical nature is devolved to line ministries (e.g. epidemics by the Health Ministry and Epizootics by the Agriculture Ministry). A new policy spells out disaster management structures at national, district, sub-county, and village levels. Key challenges included coordination, more focus on prevention than risk reduction, differences in capacity between sectors and inadequate inter-sectoral collaboration. The new policy and structures have not yet been rolled out to districts and sub-district levels, and districts lack a line item budget for disaster capacity building.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The institutional framework for disaster management in Uganda needs to be strengthened at all levels through initiation of the relevant structures, training, and resource allocation so that they develop disaster management plans.</p>","PeriodicalId":87601,"journal":{"name":"East African journal of public health","volume":"10 2","pages":"469-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32591112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A descriptive overview of the burden, distribution and characteristics of epidemics in Uganda.","authors":"R W Mayega,&nbsp;M Musenero,&nbsp;I Nabukenya,&nbsp;Juliet Kiguli,&nbsp;W Bazeyo","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although Uganda is a high burden country for epidemics of infectious diseases, the pattern of epidemics has not yet been adequately documented. The purpose of this study was to describe the distribution, magnitude and characteristics of recent epidemics in Uganda, as a basis for informing policy on priorities for targeted prevention of epidemics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Qualitative and quantitative data was collected from the Epidemiological Surveillance Division of the Ministry of Health and the African Field Epidemiology Network through key informant interviews and a documents review.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Acute outbreaks that have occurred since 2002 are: Cholera, Meningitis, Malaria, Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (Ebola, Marburg), arboviruses (yellow-fever), Anthrax, Hepatitis E, Measles, Polio, Influenza A viruses, dysentery and other diarrheal diseases. Chronic outbreaks include: Propagated epidemics of cholera, head nodding disease, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis E, HIV and Typhoid Fever. Thirty-one districts had a high incidence of cholera. Most of the epidemic prone diseases are preventable through appropriate behavior change and sanitation measures. However, current focus is mainly on prevention, low focus on prevention. Community involvement in resilience and early detection is inadequate.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Uganda has a high burden of preventable epidemic prone diseases. There is need to invest in surveillance, early detection and sustainable prevention through appropriate technology and behavior change involving individuals, families, communities and policy makers.</p>","PeriodicalId":87601,"journal":{"name":"East African journal of public health","volume":"10 2","pages":"397-402"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32590671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A situational analysis of priority disaster hazards in Uganda: findings from a hazard and vulnerability analysis.","authors":"R W Mayega,&nbsp;M R Wafula,&nbsp;M Musenero,&nbsp;A Omale,&nbsp;J Kiguli,&nbsp;G C Orach,&nbsp;G Kabagambe,&nbsp;W Bazeyo","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Most countries in sub-Saharan Africa have not conducted a disaster risk analysis. Hazards and vulnerability analyses provide vital information that can be used for development of risk reduction and disaster response plans. The purpose of this study was to rank disaster hazards for Uganda, as a basis for identifying the priority hazards to guide disaster management planning.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study as conducted in Uganda, as part of a multi-country assessment. A hazard, vulnerability and capacity analysis was conducted in a focus group discussion of 7 experts representing key stakeholder agencies in disaster management in Uganda. A simple ranking method was used to rank the probability of occurance of 11 top hazards, their potential impact and the level vulnerability of people and infrastructure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In-terms of likelihood of occurance and potential impact, the top ranked disaster hazards in Uganda are: 1) Epidemics of infectious diseases, 2) Drought/famine, 3) Conflict and environmental degradation in that order. In terms of vulnerability, the top priority hazards to which people and infrastructure were vulnerable were: 1) Conflicts, 2) Epidemics, 3) Drought/famine and, 4) Environmental degradation in that order. Poverty, gender, lack of information, and lack of resilience measures were some of the factors promoting vulnerability to disasters.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>As Uganda develops a disaster risk reduction and response plan, it ought to prioritize epidemics of infectious diseases, drought/famine, conflics and environmental degradation as the priority disaster hazards.</p>","PeriodicalId":87601,"journal":{"name":"East African journal of public health","volume":"10 2","pages":"380-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32590669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prioritization of disasters and their management in Rwanda.","authors":"E Rugigana,&nbsp;L Nyirazinyoye,&nbsp;A Umubyeyi,&nbsp;J B Nsengiyumva,&nbsp;C Kanyandekwe,&nbsp;I Ntahobakulira","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Rwanda has been experiencing quite a significant number of disastrous events of both natural and man-made origin in the last 2 decades. Many cases of disasters are particularly linked to the geographic, historical and socio-cultural aspects of the country. The overall objective of the present article is to perform a situation analysis of disasters in Rwanda and to highlight the institutional and legal framework of disaster management.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An assessment questionnaire focused on the current capacity, institutional frameworks and on-going initiatives for disaster management at country level and operational level was administered. The assessment was descriptive and used mainly qualitative methods. These included review of records (country policies and policy briefs, programme documents), interviews with key informants from line ministries, and interviews with key informants from stakeholder agencies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Rwandan hazard profile, its vulnerability and capacity assessment shows top seven disasters which are related to epidemics, hails storms/floods; roads accidents; environmental degradation and earthquakes/volcanic eruption. Currently, the Institutional framework for disaster management and response is coordinated by Ministry of Disaster Management and Refugee Affairs through the Rwanda National Disasters Operation Center. Although disaster risk reduction has been integrated into sustainable policies and plans, most districts do not have adequate capacity to plan for disasters and the majority of districts disaster committees have not yet been trained.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Rwanda has established a legal and institutional framework for disasters management. There is a need to build capacity in disaster management at operational level (District).</p>","PeriodicalId":87601,"journal":{"name":"East African journal of public health","volume":"10 2","pages":"428-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32591108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional approach to building operational level capacity for disaster planning: the case of the Eastern Africa region.","authors":"W Bazeyo,&nbsp;R W Mayega,&nbsp;G C Orach,&nbsp;J Kiguli,&nbsp;S Mamuya,&nbsp;J S Tabu,&nbsp;L Sena,&nbsp;E Rugigana,&nbsp;M Mapatano,&nbsp;D Lewy,&nbsp;N Mock,&nbsp;G Burnham,&nbsp;M Keim,&nbsp;J Killewo","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Eastern Africa region is regularly affected by a variety of disasters ranging from drought, to human conflict and population displacement. The magnitude of emergencies and response capacities is similar across the region. In order to strengthen public health disaster management capacities at the operational level in six countries of the Eastern Africa region, the USAID-funded leadership project worked through the HEALTH Alliance, a network of seven schools of public health from six countries in the region to train district-level teams.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To develop a sustainable regional approach to building operational level capacity for disaster planning.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This project was implemented through a higher education leadership initiative. Project activities were spear-headed by a network of Deans and Directors of public health schools within local universities in the Eastern Africa region. The leadership team envisioned a district-oriented systems change strategy. Pre-service and in-service curricula were developed regionally and district teams were formed to attend short training courses. Project activities began with a situational analysis of the disaster management capacity at national and operational levels. The next steps were chronologically the formation of country training teams and training of trainers, the development of a regional disaster management training curriculum and training materials, the cascading of training activities in the region, and the incorporation of emerging issues into the training curriculum. An evaluation model included the analysis of preparedness impact of the training program.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The output from the district teams was the creation of individual district-level disaster plans and their implementation. This 4-year project focused on building operational level public health emergency response capacity, which had not previously been part of any national program. Use of the all-hazard approach rather than a scenario-based contingency planning led to the development of a standardized curriculum for training both in-service and pre-service personnel. Materials developed during the implementation phases of the project have been incorporated into public health graduate curricula in the seven schools. This systems-based strategy resulted in demonstrable outcomes related to district preparedness and university engagement in disaster management.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>University partnerships are an effective method to build district-level disaster planning capacity. Use of a regional network created a standardized approach across six countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":87601,"journal":{"name":"East African journal of public health","volume":"10 2","pages":"447-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32591110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A retrospective study on the unseen epidemic of road traffic injuries and deaths due to accidents in Mwanza City - Tanzania.","authors":"S E Ngallaba,&nbsp;C Majinge,&nbsp;J Gilyoma,&nbsp;D J Makerere,&nbsp;E Charles","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Backgrounds: </strong>Sixty percent of the global deaths and injuries occur in the developing world and mostly are due to Road traffic accidents (RTAs. looking at the etiological related factors which include, carelessness of the driver, condition of the vehicle or motorcycle, poor condition of roads, risky behavior of the driver, most of these factors can be prevented to some extent. This study therefore, determined the pattern of cases and deaths due to traffic road accidents in Mwanza City Tanzania.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective study, records, registers and case notes In the surgical ward and causality, medical records and central police station from 2008 to 2011 were used. The study focused on the two referral hospitals (Sekouture regional hospital and Bugando Medical Center).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 3450 cases due to accidents reported at both centers (Sekouture regional hospital and Bugando Medical Center of which 3224 (93.4%) had complete information for analysis.2225 (69%) were male and 999 (31%) were female, and the most affected group were male. Among the RTAs2809 cases (87%) were due to motor cycle accidents which were the leading cause of RTAs with case fatality rate of 5% while motor vehicle has case fatality rate of 24% which is 5 times that of motor cycle.</p><p><strong>Conclusion and recommendation: </strong>Among all RTAs the leading cause of injuries is Motor cycle traffic accidents followed by motor vehicle. RTAs are on increase particularly the motor cycle traffic accidents and has claimed a good number of innocent people's lives however most of them are preventable, therefore driving course to be introduced to motor cycle drivers with emphasize on the road posters signal, rules and regular checkup of their motor cycles especially commercial motor cycle.</p>","PeriodicalId":87601,"journal":{"name":"East African journal of public health","volume":"10 2","pages":"487-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32591534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opportunities for strategic use of e-learning in scaling up disaster management capacity in Eastern Africa: a descriptive analysis.","authors":"Mayega Roy William,&nbsp;D Elzie,&nbsp;D Sebuwufu,&nbsp;J Kiguli,&nbsp;W Bazeyo","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The growing need for disaster management skills at all levels in Eastern Africa requires innovative approaches to training planners at all levels. While information technology tools provide a viable option, few studies have assessed the capacity for training institutions to use technology for cascading disaster management skills.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The design was an explorative survey. A pre-training survey was conducted among 16 faculty members (9 academic staff and 7 information technology (IT) staff) from 7 schools of public health in Eastern Africa. Key informant interviews with 4 students and 4 staff members were conducted at the school of public health in Makerere. IT staff also conducted observations on trends of use of information technology infrastructure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Current levels of use of ICT among teaching and IT staff is variable. On-site use of the internet is high, but off-site access is low. Personal computers, e-mail, discussion forums and other web-based learning management platforms and open education resources (OERs) have been variably used by faculty and students to facilitate learning. On the other hand, videos, web-conferencing, social media, web-based document management tools, and mobile telephone applications were much less frequently used. A disaster management short course produced by the Health Emergencies Management Project (HEMP) has been adapted to a web-based open education resource and an interactive CD-ROM. Challenges included low levels of awareness and skills in technology options among students and faculty and access to reliable internet.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite the existing challenges, technology tools are a viable platform for cascading disaster management skills in Eastern Africa.</p>","PeriodicalId":87601,"journal":{"name":"East African journal of public health","volume":"10 2","pages":"403-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32590672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges towards realization of health care sector goals of Tanzania development vision 2025: training and deployment of graduate human resource for health.","authors":"Nathanael Siril,&nbsp;Angwara Kiwara,&nbsp;Daud Simba","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Human resource for health (HRH) is an essential building block for effective and efficient health care system. In Tanzania this component is faced by many challenges which in synergy with others make the health care system inefficient. In vision 2025 the country recognizes the importance of the health care sector in attaining quality livelihood for its citizens. The vision is in its 13th year since its launch. Given the central role of HRH in attainment of this vision, how the HRH is trained and deployed deserves a deeper understanding.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To analyze the factors affecting training and deployment process of graduate level HRH of three core cadres; Medical Doctors, Doctor of Dental Surgery and Bachelor of Pharmacy towards realization of development vision 2025.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Explorative study design in five training institutions for health and Ministry of Health and Social Welfare (MoHSW) headquarters utilizing in-depth interviews, observations and review of available documents methodology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The training Institutions which are cornerstone for HRH training are understaffed, underfunded (donor dependent), have low admitting capacities and lack co-ordination with other key stakeholders dealing with health. The deployment of graduate level HRH is affected by; limited budget, decision on deployment handled by another ministry rather than MoHSW, competition between health care sector and other sectors and lack of co-ordination between employer, trainers and other key health care sector stakeholders. Awareness on vision 2025 is low in the training institutions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>For the vision 2025 health care sector goals to be realized well devised strategies on raising its awareness in the training institutions is recommended. Quality livelihood as stated in vision 2025 will be a forgotten dream if the challenges facing the training and deployment of graduate level HRH will not be addressed timely. It is the authors' view that reduction of donor dependency syndrome, extension of retirement age for academic Staffs in the training institutions for health and synergizing the training and deployment of the graduate level HRH can be among the initial strategies towards addressing these challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":87601,"journal":{"name":"East African journal of public health","volume":"10 2","pages":"476-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32591113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}