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Bilingualism: Language and Cognition最新文献

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Moving to continuous classifications of bilingualism through machine learning trained on language production 通过对语言生产进行机器学习训练，实现双语的连续分类
IF 3.6 1区 文学
Bilingualism: Language and Cognition Pub Date : 2024-05-24 DOI: 10.1017/s1366728924000361
M. I. Coco, G. Smith, R. Spelorzi, M. Garraffa
{"title":"Moving to continuous classifications of bilingualism through machine learning trained on language production","authors":"M. I. Coco, G. Smith, R. Spelorzi, M. Garraffa","doi":"10.1017/s1366728924000361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1366728924000361","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recent conceptualisations of bilingualism are moving away from strict categorisations, towards continuous approaches. This study supports this trend by combining empirical psycholinguistics data with machine learning classification modelling. Support vector classifiers were trained on two datasets of coded productions by Italian speakers to predict the class they belonged to (“monolingual”, “attriters” and “heritage”). All classes can be predicted above chance (&gt;33%), even if the classifier's performance substantially varies, with monolinguals identified much better (<span>f</span>-score &gt;70%) than attriters (<span>f</span>-score &lt;50%), which are instead the most confusable class. Further analyses of the classification errors expressed in the confusion matrices qualify that attriters are identified as heritage speakers nearly as often as they are correctly classified. Cluster clitics are the most identifying features for the classification performance. Overall, this study supports a conceptualisation of bilingualism as a continuum of linguistic behaviours rather than sets of a priori established classes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8758,"journal":{"name":"Bilingualism: Language and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141091919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Understanding the impact of foreign language on social norms through lies 通过谎言了解外语对社会规范的影响
IF 3.6 1区 文学
Bilingualism: Language and Cognition Pub Date : 2024-05-23 DOI: 10.1017/s1366728924000373
Zhimin Hu, Eduardo Navarrete
{"title":"Understanding the impact of foreign language on social norms through lies","authors":"Zhimin Hu, Eduardo Navarrete","doi":"10.1017/s1366728924000373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1366728924000373","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigates how a foreign language impacts social norms. We tested this by comparing the magnitude of response differences between norm-violating and norm-adhering behaviors in native language versus foreign language. In experiment 1, participants indicated the acceptability of third-person black and white lies in either their native or foreign language on a Likert scale. In experiment 2, participants indicated their first-person intentions to tell black and white lies on a Likert scale. Experiment 3 conceptually replicated experiment 1 on a slider scale, testing white lies and blunt truths. In experiment 4, participants provided dichotomous yes–no decisions to tell black and white lies. Results revealed a significant reduction of acceptability ratings in experiments 1 and 3 while only showing such a trend in experiments 2 and 4, suggesting language impacts particularly descriptive social norms. Collectively, these findings provide insight into how a foreign language diminishes the influence of social norms.</p>","PeriodicalId":8758,"journal":{"name":"Bilingualism: Language and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141085377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
What makes a cognate? Implications for research on bilingualism 什么是同义词？对双语研究的启示
IF 3.6 1区 文学
Bilingualism: Language and Cognition Pub Date : 2024-05-14 DOI: 10.1017/s1366728924000233
Tanja C. Roembke, Iring Koch, Andrea M. Philipp
{"title":"What makes a cognate? Implications for research on bilingualism","authors":"Tanja C. Roembke, Iring Koch, Andrea M. Philipp","doi":"10.1017/s1366728924000233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1366728924000233","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cognates are studied in many psychological studies of bilingual language processing. Despite their frequent use, there is no clear operationalized definition of what constitutes a cognate. We conducted a literature search in three major journals to better understand how cognate status is typically defined and operationalized. In these journals, we analyzed similarity of cognate and non-cognate stimuli. We found that approximately 60% of the reviewed studies operationalized cognate status empirically. Stimulus analyses revealed a similarity continuum between cognates and non-cognates without a consistent cut-off. Based on these results, we make recommendations for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":8758,"journal":{"name":"Bilingualism: Language and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140919869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The “emotional brain” of adolescent Spanish–German heritage speakers: is emotional intelligence a proxy for productive emotional vocabulary? 青少年西班牙语-德语传承者的 "情感大脑"：情商是否代表富有成效的情感词汇？
IF 3.6 1区 文学
Bilingualism: Language and Cognition Pub Date : 2024-05-14 DOI: 10.1017/s1366728924000348
Carmen Vidal Noguera, Irini Mavrou
{"title":"The “emotional brain” of adolescent Spanish–German heritage speakers: is emotional intelligence a proxy for productive emotional vocabulary?","authors":"Carmen Vidal Noguera, Irini Mavrou","doi":"10.1017/s1366728924000348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1366728924000348","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Autobiographical memories (AMs) are partly influenced by people's ability to process and express their emotions. This study investigated the extent to which trait emotional intelligence (EI) contributed to the emotional vocabulary of 148 adolescents – 60 speakers of Spanish as a heritage language (HL) raised in Germany, 61 first-language (L1) German speakers and 27 L1 Spanish speakers – in their written AMs of anger and surprise. The results revealed that heritage speakers with high trait EI used more emotional words in their AMs. These bilinguals also used more positive, negative and high-arousal words in their HL and in their AMs of anger. Similar patterns were observed in the AMs produced in Spanish (HL and L1), but L1 Spanish speakers used more emotional words in their AMs of surprise. By contrast, L1 German speakers used more emotional words than bilinguals in their AMs in German, and AMs of anger in German included more emotional vocabulary than those addressing surprise events.</p>","PeriodicalId":8758,"journal":{"name":"Bilingualism: Language and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140919864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The word frequency effect in first- and second-language reading by Chinese and Dutch bilinguals 汉语和荷兰语双语者第一语言和第二语言阅读中的词频效应
IF 3.6 1区 文学
Bilingualism: Language and Cognition Pub Date : 2024-05-03 DOI: 10.1017/s136672892400035x
Longjiao Sui, Evy Woumans, W. Duyck, Nicolas Dirix
{"title":"The word frequency effect in first- and second-language reading by Chinese and Dutch bilinguals","authors":"Longjiao Sui, Evy Woumans, W. Duyck, Nicolas Dirix","doi":"10.1017/s136672892400035x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s136672892400035x","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 High-frequency words are processed faster than low-frequency words, known as the word frequency effect (FE). Although the FE has been studied in various writing systems as well as in first- (L1) and second-language (L2) reading, existing theoretical hypotheses are mainly based on findings in alphabetic languages. To date, no study has investigated theoretical explanations of the FE such as the learning hypothesis, the lexical entrenchment hypothesis and the rank hypothesis apply to Chinese–English bilinguals. The present study, therefore, compared the FEs in Chinese– and Dutch–English bilinguals during natural paragraph reading in their L1 and L2, using eye-tracking measures. Chinese bilinguals exhibited a larger FE in L2 than in L1. They displayed smaller L1 FEs and much steeper L2 FE curves than Dutch bilinguals. These findings are not entirely consistent with the existing FE hypotheses, and the present study discusses theoretical accounts in light of the observed results.","PeriodicalId":8758,"journal":{"name":"Bilingualism: Language and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141015404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Trilingual parallel processing: Do the dominant languages grab all the attention? 三语并行处理：优势语言会吸引所有注意力吗？
IF 3.6 1区 文学
Bilingualism: Language and Cognition Pub Date : 2024-04-29 DOI: 10.1017/s1366728924000257
Lekhnath Sharma Pathak, Mila Vulchanova, Poshak Pathak, Ramesh Kumar Mishra
{"title":"Trilingual parallel processing: Do the dominant languages grab all the attention?","authors":"Lekhnath Sharma Pathak, Mila Vulchanova, Poshak Pathak, Ramesh Kumar Mishra","doi":"10.1017/s1366728924000257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1366728924000257","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Twenty-five L1 Nepali speaking participants living in Trondheim, Norway who spoke English as L2 and Norwegian as L3 (late adult learners) participated in this study. Participants’ L2 proficiency was established as advanced in LexTALE. We administered language comprehension and production tasks in a trilingual design. In a mouse tracking trilingual parallel activation experiment, participants performed a language comprehension task in which they listened to the spoken word in their L1, L2 and L3 and clicked on the matching target picture. Mouse trajectories of their response pattern were recorded and analyzed. The language production task included a phonological and a semantic verbal fluency task (VFT), which also served as an executive control task. VFT showed their dominance in L1 and L2 compared to L3. This study contributes novel knowledge on trilingual parallel activation and suggests that in the presence of a non-dominant L3, a dominant L1 and a dominant L2 are processed faster than the non-dominant language in phonologically competing conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8758,"journal":{"name":"Bilingualism: Language and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140808510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Activation of ASL signs during sentence reading for deaf readers: evidence from eye-tracking 聋人读者在句子阅读过程中对 ASL 符号的激活：来自眼动跟踪的证据
IF 3.6 1区 文学
Bilingualism: Language and Cognition Pub Date : 2024-04-26 DOI: 10.1017/s1366728924000336
Emily Saunders, Jonathan Mirault, Karen Emmorey
{"title":"Activation of ASL signs during sentence reading for deaf readers: evidence from eye-tracking","authors":"Emily Saunders, Jonathan Mirault, Karen Emmorey","doi":"10.1017/s1366728924000336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1366728924000336","url":null,"abstract":"Bilinguals activate both of their languages as they process written words, regardless of modality (spoken or signed); these effects have primarily been documented in single word reading paradigms. We used eye-tracking to determine whether deaf bilingual readers (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 23) activate American Sign Language (ASL) translations as they read English sentences. Sentences contained a target word and one of the two possible prime words: a related prime which shared phonological parameters (location, handshape or movement) with the target when translated into ASL or an unrelated prime. The results revealed that first fixation durations and gaze durations (early processing measures) were shorter when target words were preceded by ASL-related primes, but prime condition did not impact later processing measures (e.g., regressions). Further, less-skilled readers showed a larger ASL co-activation effect. Together, the results indicate that ASL co-activation impacts early lexical access and can facilitate reading, particularly for less-skilled deaf readers.","PeriodicalId":8758,"journal":{"name":"Bilingualism: Language and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140651862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bilinguals on the footbridge: the role of foreign-language proficiency in moral decision making 天桥上的双语者：外语能力在道德决策中的作用
IF 3.6 1区 文学
Bilingualism: Language and Cognition Pub Date : 2024-04-25 DOI: 10.1017/s1366728924000312
Federico Teitelbaum Dorfman, Boris Kogan, Pablo Barttfeld, Adolfo M. García
{"title":"Bilinguals on the footbridge: the role of foreign-language proficiency in moral decision making","authors":"Federico Teitelbaum Dorfman, Boris Kogan, Pablo Barttfeld, Adolfo M. García","doi":"10.1017/s1366728924000312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1366728924000312","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Socio-cognitive research on bilinguals points to a moral foreign-language effect (MFLE), with more utilitarian choices (e.g., sacrificing someone to save more people) for moral dilemmas presented in the second language (L2) relative to the first language. Yet, inconsistent results highlight the influence of subject-level variables, including a critical underexplored factor: L2 proficiency (L2p). Here we provide a systematic review of 57 bilingualism studies on moral dilemmas, showing that L2p rarely modulates responses to impersonal dilemmas, but it does impact personal dilemmas (with MFLEs proving consistent at intermediate L2p levels but unsystematic at high L2p levels). We propose an empirico-theoretical framework to conceptualize such patterns, highlighting the impact of L2p on four affective mediating factors: mental imagery, inhibitory control, prosocial behavior and numerical processing. Finally, we outline core challenges for the field. These insights open new avenues at the crossing of bilingualism and social cognition research.</p>","PeriodicalId":8758,"journal":{"name":"Bilingualism: Language and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140643002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Executive function's structure in monolingual and bilingual adults using confirmatory factor analysis 利用确证因子分析分析单语和双语成人的执行功能结构
IF 3.6 1区 文学
Bilingualism: Language and Cognition Pub Date : 2024-04-25 DOI: 10.1017/s136672892400021x
Farzaneh Anjomshoae, Sandra A. Wiebe, Elena Nicoladis
{"title":"Executive function's structure in monolingual and bilingual adults using confirmatory factor analysis","authors":"Farzaneh Anjomshoae, Sandra A. Wiebe, Elena Nicoladis","doi":"10.1017/s136672892400021x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s136672892400021x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In processing their two languages, bilinguals have to selectively attend to the target language and reduce interference from the non-target language. This experience may have specific cognitive consequences on Executive Functions (EF) through bilingual language processing. Some studies found cognitive consequences in executive functioning skills. However, other studies did not replicate these findings or found a bilingual disadvantage. The aim of this study was to test for the cognitive consequences of bilingualism in EF among a large number of young adults using a latent variable approach, to rule out non-EF task differences as an explanation for inconsistency across studies. Also, we were interested in testing the EF structure using the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) approach. The results did not support a cognitive consequence of bilingualism and also the EF structure was the same for both groups. We discuss other possible variables that might contribute to the mixed results across studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":8758,"journal":{"name":"Bilingualism: Language and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140643022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cross-linguistic effects of form overlap in aural recognition of Spanish–English cognates 西班牙语-英语同义词听觉识别中形式重叠的跨语言影响
IF 3.6 1区 文学
Bilingualism: Language and Cognition Pub Date : 2024-04-25 DOI: 10.1017/s1366728924000270
Juan J. Garrido-Pozú
{"title":"Cross-linguistic effects of form overlap in aural recognition of Spanish–English cognates","authors":"Juan J. Garrido-Pozú","doi":"10.1017/s1366728924000270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1366728924000270","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigated the effect of cross-linguistic overlap in L1 and L2 auditory recognition of Spanish–English cognates. The study examined the correlation between objective and subjective measures of overlap and analyzed how these measures predict patterns in auditory recognition. 62 Spanish-speaking learners of English and 63 English-speaking learners of Spanish completed two auditory lexical decision tasks in Spanish and English and a rating task, where they rated the perceived phonological similarity of cognates. The results revealed moderate correlations between subjective and objective measures of overlap. While orthographic overlap had no effect, increased phonological overlap facilitated recognition in L1 and L2 Spanish and English and had larger effects in L2 recognition. Perceived similarity was the best predictor among the measures of overlap. The findings support models suggesting that cross-linguistic co-activation is facilitated by increased form similarity and studies reporting modality dependent effects of cross-linguistic form overlap in lexical recognition.</p>","PeriodicalId":8758,"journal":{"name":"Bilingualism: Language and Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140643011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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