{"title":"One-pot four-component sequential synthesis of <i>S</i>-alkyl dithiocarbamates using lipase as a biocatalyst.","authors":"Mansour Shahedi, Pargol Tahmasebi Pour, Zohreh Habibi","doi":"10.3762/bjoc.22.83","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjoc.22.83","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dithiocarbamates are widely recognized for their versatile applications in both agriculture as effective pesticides and medicine, where they serve as antifungal and anticancer agents. As a result, their synthesis has garnered significant attention in recent years. In this study, we present an efficient one-pot four-component approach for the synthesis of these scaffolds, utilizing aldehydes, ethyl acetoacetate, carbon disulfide (CS<sub>2</sub>), and amines. Initially, α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds, serving as Michael acceptors, were generated from aldehydes and ethyl acetoacetate through a decarboxylative Knoevenagel reaction under mild conditions, using lipase as a biocatalyst. These intermediates then sequentially undergo a nucleophilic addition reaction with dithiocarbamate anions, which are generated in situ by reacting CS<sub>2</sub> with amines. This sequence successfully yields 15 derivatives of <i>S</i>-alkylated dithiocarbamates with high to excellent yields ranging from 69% to 96%.</p>","PeriodicalId":8756,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"22 ","pages":"1048-1056"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13358900/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148435056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pshtiwan S Mohammed, Mohammed K S Dalo, Onur C Yazıcı, Muhammet Yildirim, Akın Sağırlı
{"title":"Synthesis of novel 1,2,4-oxadiazole-isoxazoline hybrids and their in silico potential with adenosine receptors.","authors":"Pshtiwan S Mohammed, Mohammed K S Dalo, Onur C Yazıcı, Muhammet Yildirim, Akın Sağırlı","doi":"10.3762/bjoc.22.82","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjoc.22.82","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A concise and efficient synthetic route to novel 1,2,4-oxadiazole-isoxazoline hybrids <b>7</b> has been developed via regioselective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of in situ-generated nitrile oxides with 3-(<i>p</i>-substituted-aryl)-5-vinyl-1,2,4-oxadiazoles <b>6</b>. The target compounds <b>7a-ay</b> were obtained in moderate to excellent yields (16-97%) and fully characterized by IR, NMR, and HRMS analyses. The reactions exhibited high regioselectivity, exclusively affording 5-isoxazoline derivatives, while substituent effects played a decisive role in modulating reaction efficiency. In silico studies revealed that all hybrids <b>7a-ay</b> display strong binding affinities toward the adenosine A₁ receptor (-10.0 to -8.3 kcal/mol), surpassing the co-crystallized ligand and engaging in key stabilizing interactions within the binding pocket. Furthermore, ADMET predictions indicated favorable drug-likeness, high gastrointestinal absorption, and suitable physicochemical properties. Overall, these findings identify 1,2,4-oxadiazole-isoxazoline hybrids as promising and tunable scaffolds for the development of adenosine A₁ receptor-targeted agents; however, further structural optimization and comprehensive biological evaluation are required to fully validate their therapeutic potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":8756,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"22 ","pages":"1033-1047"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13358917/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148435038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ethan D Abbott, Sasha Hayes, Jonathan M White, Bernd H A Rehm, Rohan A Davis
{"title":"Semisynthesis, characterisation, and antibacterial evaluation of a novel lecanoric acid-derived amide library.","authors":"Ethan D Abbott, Sasha Hayes, Jonathan M White, Bernd H A Rehm, Rohan A Davis","doi":"10.3762/bjoc.22.81","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjoc.22.81","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The known lichen depside, lecanoric acid (<b>1</b>), was identified as a scaffold of interest for the generation of a unique semisynthetic biodiscovery screening library. Large-scale extraction and isolation on the Australian-sourced lichen <i>Parmotrema tinctorum</i> resulted in the purification of ≈1 g of the desired scaffold <b>1</b>, along with other known lichen metabolites that included divaricatic acid (<b>2</b>), orcinol (<b>3</b>), orsellinic acid (<b>4</b>), and methyl orsellinate (<b>5</b>). Parallel solution-phase synthesis using amidation chemistry on the abundant scaffold <b>1</b> afforded a series of novel amide derivatives <b>6</b>-<b>13</b> in high purity (>95%) and low to moderate yields (12-53%). All new semisynthetic compounds were fully characterised following 1D/2D NMR, MS and UV data analysis. Crystalline lecanoric acid was obtained during the chemical investigations of the lichen extract, enabling the first X-ray crystallographic analysis to be undertaken on this depside. Compounds <b>1</b>-<b>13</b> were evaluated for antibacterial activity against the human pathogen <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> using a biofilm inhibition assay. Of the new semisynthetics, amide analogue <b>12</b> showed the greatest planktonic cell growth inhibition (13% at 50 µM), whilst amide analogue <b>11</b> was the most active at inhibiting the formation of biofilm (21% at 50 µM).</p>","PeriodicalId":8756,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"22 ","pages":"1023-1032"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13338597/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148403186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polina Anatolyevna Man'kova, Vadim Andreevich Shiryaev, Olga S Podlipnova, Marat M Khisyamov, Dmitry Sergeevich Nikerov, Alexander Nikolaevich Reznikov, Yuri Nikolaevich Klimochkin
{"title":"Synthesis and optical resolution of 4,5-diaminohomoadamantane: a promising scaffold for chiral ligands and bioactive compounds.","authors":"Polina Anatolyevna Man'kova, Vadim Andreevich Shiryaev, Olga S Podlipnova, Marat M Khisyamov, Dmitry Sergeevich Nikerov, Alexander Nikolaevich Reznikov, Yuri Nikolaevich Klimochkin","doi":"10.3762/bjoc.22.80","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjoc.22.80","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vicinal diamines based on a rigid polycyclic framework such as homoadamantane remain underexplored. We anticipated that the unique steric and lipophilic properties of chiral <i>trans</i>-4,5-diaminohomoadamantane could provide the necessary stereoinduction in metal-catalyzed asymmetric reactions. In addition, such structures may serve as a novel scaffold for bioactive compounds. Herein, we report a synthetic approach to this previously inaccessible chiral scaffold. 4,5-Diaminohomoadamantane was prepared as a mixture of <i>cis</i>- and <i>trans</i>-isomers by reduction of the corresponding vicinal azidoxime with LiAlH<sub>4</sub>. In contrast, the <i>trans</i>-isomer was selectively obtained via ring-opening of an <i>N</i>-Tf-protected aziridine. The racemic <i>trans</i>-4,5-diaminohomoadamantane was resolved with dibenzoyl-ʟ-tartaric acid. The absolute (4<i>R</i>,5<i>R</i>)-configuration was proposed on the basis of TDDFT calculations of the specific optical rotation using the CAM-B3LYP functional and the 6-311G++(2d,2p) basis set with solvation by CH<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub> in the SMD model on the base of conformational analysis. Catalytic systems based on (4<i>R</i>,5<i>R</i>)-4,5-diaminohomoadamantane derivatives exhibited low to moderate asymmetric induction in Henry and Michael reactions. These results suggest that further molecular design of homoadamantane-based chiral <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-ligands is promising.</p>","PeriodicalId":8756,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"22 ","pages":"1013-1022"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13338599/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148403244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"<i>Z</i>-Selective semihydrogenation of alkynes via Ni/Lewis acid synergistic catalyzed system using DMF as hydrogen source and solvent.","authors":"Lei Kang, Haifeng Gao, Luo Yang","doi":"10.3762/bjoc.22.79","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjoc.22.79","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A Ni/Lewis acid dual-catalytic system has been developed for the <i>Z</i>-selective semihydrogenation of alkynes. Utilizing DMF as both the hydrogen donor and reaction medium, this method affords <i>Z</i>-alkenes in high yield with excellent stereoselectivity under mild conditions. The protocol employs cost-effective and readily available catalysts, and demonstrates broad applicability across a wide range of substrates.</p>","PeriodicalId":8756,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"22 ","pages":"1004-1012"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13338598/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148403223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ivan Lyutin, Grigory Kantin, Olga Bakulina, Dmitry Dar'in
{"title":"Rh(III)-catalyzed chelation-assisted C-H activation/annulation of 2-arylimidazolines with cyclic diazo-1,3-dicarbonyl compounds: a novel approach to tetracyclic annulated derivatives of 2,3-dihydroimidazo[2,1-<i>a</i>]isoquinoline.","authors":"Ivan Lyutin, Grigory Kantin, Olga Bakulina, Dmitry Dar'in","doi":"10.3762/bjoc.22.78","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjoc.22.78","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>2-Arylimidazolines were annulated with cyclic diazo-1,3-dicarbonyl compounds under Rh(III)-catalysis for the first time. The developed general and efficient approach based on CH-activation allowed the efficient preparation of five novel types of tetraheterocyclic systems derived from 2,3-dihydroimidazo[2,1-<i>a</i>]isoquinolines fused with an additional five-, six- or seven-membered carbocycle or <i>N</i>-/<i>O</i>-heterocycle.</p>","PeriodicalId":8756,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"22 ","pages":"997-1003"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13338596/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148403210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Julian Link, Albin Lahu, Manfred Wagner, Tanja Weil, David Y W Ng
{"title":"The role of spacer length and flexibility in peptide self-assembly.","authors":"Julian Link, Albin Lahu, Manfred Wagner, Tanja Weil, David Y W Ng","doi":"10.3762/bjoc.22.77","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjoc.22.77","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spacer length is a key molecular parameter governing the self-assembly of short peptides. Here, we investigate isoleucine-cysteine-alanine (ICA) tripeptides containing carbon spacers of 6, 3, or 0 methylene units linking the peptide backbone to a hydrophobic naphthalene (Nap) π-block. Using complementary spectroscopic and microscopic techniques, we show that spacer length controls the balance between conformational flexibility and directional non-covalent interactions, thereby dictating assembly pathways and material properties. The results establish a correlation between spacer length and assembly propensity, with the longest spacer (C<sub>6</sub>) consistently promoting aggregation more effectively than the intermediate analogue (C<sub>3</sub>), whereas peptides containing the rigid C<sub>0</sub>-spacer fail to develop ordered nanostructures. These findings identify spacer length as a powerful design parameter for tuning peptide self-assembly across multiple length scales.</p>","PeriodicalId":8756,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"22 ","pages":"986-996"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13313022/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148350481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Veronica Iuliano, Carmen Talotta, Margherita De Rosa, Paolo Della Sala, Konrad Tiefenbacher, Pablo Ballester, Carmine Gaeta
{"title":"Novel macrocycles: from synthesis to supramolecular function.","authors":"Veronica Iuliano, Carmen Talotta, Margherita De Rosa, Paolo Della Sala, Konrad Tiefenbacher, Pablo Ballester, Carmine Gaeta","doi":"10.3762/bjoc.22.76","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjoc.22.76","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8756,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"22 ","pages":"982-985"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13313017/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148350494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Geon Kang, Minki Jeon, Pooja Kumari Jat, Cheoljae Kim, Isaac Choi
{"title":"Electrochemical reduction of unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds via 3d transition-metal catalysis.","authors":"Geon Kang, Minki Jeon, Pooja Kumari Jat, Cheoljae Kim, Isaac Choi","doi":"10.3762/bjoc.22.75","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjoc.22.75","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Electrochemical reduction has emerged as a powerful alternative to conventional hydrogenation for unsaturated C-C bonds, enabling precise control without molecular hydrogen or stoichiometric reductants. This review summarizes recent advances in iron-, cobalt-, and nickel-catalyzed electroreduction of alkynes and alkenes, highlighting how electrochemical parameters and catalyst design unlock distinct, controllable reaction manifolds that are inaccessible under thermochemical conditions. These developments position 3d metal electrocatalysis as a versatile and programmable platform for selective hydrogenation and isotopic labeling under mild, sustainable conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8756,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"22 ","pages":"955-981"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13284754/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148306794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mark M Gulman, Yurii I Glazachev, Sergey A Dobrynin
{"title":"Synthesis of sterically shielded piperidine nitroxides via acid-catalyzed heterocyclization of β-aminoketone derivatives with ketones.","authors":"Mark M Gulman, Yurii I Glazachev, Sergey A Dobrynin","doi":"10.3762/bjoc.22.74","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjoc.22.74","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The capabilities of modern methods for the synthesis of sterically shielded piperidine nitroxides with acyclic substituents are largely limited to symmetrical tetraethyl structures and do not allow the introduction of functional groups into position 2. We propose an alternative approach that allows for the variation of substituents adjacent to the nitroxyl group, which significantly expands the potential of sterically hindered nitroxides for promising applications in materials science and structural biology. The new heterocyclization strategy implies the construction of a 2,2,6-trisubstituted piperidine scaffold from β-aminoketone acetals and dialkyl ketones under acid catalysis. The resulting amines were oxidized to the corresponding ketonitrones and subsequent reaction with moderately basic organometallic reagents, such as 2-alkynyl- and 2-allylmagnesium halides, enables the facile introduction of diverse substituents, including those with functional groups. If necessary, the multiple carbon-carbon bonds in the side chain can be subjected to hydrogenation to give saturated alkyl or functionalized alkyl groups. The study of reduction kinetics for alkyl and allyl-substituted piperidine nitroxides in ascorbate/glutathione media (30% EtOH, pH 7.5) yielded second-order rate constants of ≈10<sup>-2</sup> M<sup>-1</sup>·s<sup>-1</sup>, which is close to that earlier reported for 2,2,6,6-tetraethylpiperidine (TEEPONE).</p>","PeriodicalId":8756,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry","volume":"22 ","pages":"948-954"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13284749/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148306585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}