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Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology最新文献

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Aging of connective tissues: experimental facts and theoretical considerations. 结缔组织的老化:实验事实和理论考虑。
Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology Pub Date : 2014-01-01 Epub Date: 2014-05-13 DOI: 10.1159/000358902
J Labat-Robert, L Robert
{"title":"Aging of connective tissues: experimental facts and theoretical considerations.","authors":"J Labat-Robert,&nbsp;L Robert","doi":"10.1159/000358902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000358902","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this chapter, we describe in detail the age-dependent modifications of connective tissues, separately for their cellular and extracellular compartments. Cell aging was studied by the in vitro method established by Hayflick as well as by ex vivo explant cultures, and results with both methods are discussed. Follows then the description of age changes of macromolecular components of extracellular matrix as well as the decline with age of receptor-mediated cell-matrix interactions. These interactions mediated by several types of receptors, as integrins, the elastin receptor and others, play a crucial role for the definition and regulation of the differentiated cell phenotype. Age-related modifications of both matrix components and receptors are discussed in order to explain the mechanisms of the age-dependent modulations of cell-matrix interactions. Finally, we discuss the relations between age changes of matrix components and the onset of age-related diseases, especially cardiovascular pathologies mostly involved in age-dependence of functions and limitation of longevity.</p>","PeriodicalId":87437,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology","volume":"39 ","pages":"108-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000358902","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32370962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Aging of the brain, dementias, role of infectious proteins: facts and theories. 脑老化，痴呆，感染性蛋白的作用:事实和理论。
Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology Pub Date : 2014-01-01 Epub Date: 2014-05-13 DOI: 10.1159/000358905
Frédéric Morinet
{"title":"Aging of the brain, dementias, role of infectious proteins: facts and theories.","authors":"Frédéric Morinet","doi":"10.1159/000358905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000358905","url":null,"abstract":"Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and prion diseases are a major and growing public health issue for aging populations as aging is the greatest risk factor for neurodegeneration. Protein misfolding and spreading are common to these neurodegenerative diseases. There are many high-quality reviews concerning these diseases; also in this brief chapter, I have tried to give a summary of the principal points involved in the pathogenesis of these three clinical entities.","PeriodicalId":87437,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology","volume":"39 ","pages":"177-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000358905","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32370965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Aging. Facts and theories. Preface. 老化。事实和理论。前言。
Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology Pub Date : 2014-01-01 Epub Date: 2014-05-13 DOI: 10.1159/000358894
L Robert, T Fulop
{"title":"Aging. Facts and theories. Preface.","authors":"L Robert,&nbsp;T Fulop","doi":"10.1159/000358894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000358894","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":87437,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology","volume":"39 ","pages":"VI-VIII"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000358894","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32370968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Aging of cell communication: loss of receptor function. 细胞通讯老化:受体功能丧失。
Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology Pub Date : 2014-01-01 Epub Date: 2014-05-13 DOI: 10.1159/000358903
L Robert, T Fulop
{"title":"Aging of cell communication: loss of receptor function.","authors":"L Robert,&nbsp;T Fulop","doi":"10.1159/000358903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000358903","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Communication between cells is the most important evolutionarily conserved mechanism which enabled the bioconstruction of multicellular organisms. These mechanisms all comprise some general properties such as specific receptors recognized by agonists, molecules capable of activating them as well as the intracellular signalling pathways which activate the effector functions. A large number of such receptors and transmission pathways have been described, and both agonists and antagonists have been identified and are used in medicine. A more recent discovery was the demonstration that several receptor-mediated functions decline with age because either of the loss of receptors or their uncoupling from their specific signalling pathways. The mechanisms and biological as well as pathological consequences of this age-dependent receptor loss and signal transduction changes are described in this chapter.</p>","PeriodicalId":87437,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology","volume":"39 ","pages":"142-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000358903","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32370963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
The commitment of human cells to senescence. 人类细胞衰老的过程。
Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology Pub Date : 2014-01-01 Epub Date: 2014-05-13 DOI: 10.1159/000358896
Robin Holliday
{"title":"The commitment of human cells to senescence.","authors":"Robin Holliday","doi":"10.1159/000358896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000358896","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fifty years ago, it was demonstrated by Leonard Hayflick that human diploid fibroblasts grown in culture have a finite lifespan. Since that time, innumerable experiments have been published to discover the mechanism(s) that are responsible for this 'Hayflick limit' to continuous growth. Much new information has been gained, but there are certain features of this experimental system which have not been fully understood. One is the fact that different populations of the foetal lung strains WI-38 and MRC-5 have a range in division potential of at least a millionfold. The commitment theory of cellular aging, published more than 30 years ago, is able to explain this, but it has been consistently ignored. The theory predicts that bottlenecks, which are transient reductions in population size, can significantly reduce lifespan, or increase variability of lifespans. Computer simulations specify the effects of bottlenecks on longevity, and these were confirmed in two series of experiments. Commitment to senescence may be the loss of telomerase, which leads to the erosion of telomeres and the inability to grow indefinitely. Many experiments have been done with skin fibroblasts from human donors of different age, and it was originally thought that in vitro lifespan was inversely correlated with donor age. In these experiments, a single skin biopsy produces a population of cells that are grown to senescence. However, there is no reason to believe that skin fibroblasts are less variable in their in vitro lifespan than foetal lung strains, in which case the data points with skin cells are so variable that they may completely obscure any inverse correlation between culture lifespans and donor age.</p>","PeriodicalId":87437,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology","volume":"39 ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000358896","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32368930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 21
Evolutionary theories of aging can explain why we age. 衰老的进化理论可以解释我们衰老的原因。
Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology Pub Date : 2014-01-01 Epub Date: 2014-05-13 DOI: 10.1159/000358897
Eric Le Bourg
{"title":"Evolutionary theories of aging can explain why we age.","authors":"Eric Le Bourg","doi":"10.1159/000358897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000358897","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Evolutionary theories of aging explain why we age. These theories take into account the fact that, in the wild, mean lifespan of many species is usually shorter than it could be in protected environments. In such conditions, because most of animals die before reaching old age, there is no selection in favor or against alleles with effects at old age. Alleles with negative effects at this age can thus accumulate in successive generations, particularly if they also have positive effects at young age and are thus retained by selection. This chapter describes the evolutionary theories of aging and their consequences for the understanding of the biology of aging as well as the challenges to these theories. It is argued that these theories offer a reasonable explanation to the existence of the aging process even if they can surely be refined.</p>","PeriodicalId":87437,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology","volume":"39 ","pages":"8-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000358897","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32368931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 18
Cell senescence: role in aging and age-related diseases. 细胞衰老:在衰老和年龄相关疾病中的作用。
Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology Pub Date : 2014-01-01 Epub Date: 2014-05-13 DOI: 10.1159/000358899
Judith Campisi, Ladislas Robert
{"title":"Cell senescence: role in aging and age-related diseases.","authors":"Judith Campisi,&nbsp;Ladislas Robert","doi":"10.1159/000358899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000358899","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cell senescence is one of the major paradigms of aging research. It started with the demonstration by L. Hayflick of the limited number of divisions by normal, nontransformed cells, not shown by transformed malignant cells, this processes being largely regulated by the telomere-telomerase system. A complete renewal of this discipline came from the demonstration that cells can enter senescence at any time by an anti-oncogene-triggered pathway, enabling them to escape malignancy. The senescent cell became a major actor of the aging process, among others, by the acquisition of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. This chapter is devoted to the regulatory process involved in the acquisition of the senescent cell phenotype and its role in organismal aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":87437,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology","volume":"39 ","pages":"45-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000358899","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32368933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 192
Metabolic syndrome and cancer: from bedside to bench and back. 代谢综合征和癌症:从床边到板凳和背部。
Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology Pub Date : 2013-01-01 Epub Date: 2013-01-17 DOI: 10.1159/000343621
Martine Extermann
{"title":"Metabolic syndrome and cancer: from bedside to bench and back.","authors":"Martine Extermann","doi":"10.1159/000343621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000343621","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As older patients present with an average of three comorbidities beside their cancer, geriatric oncology can provide unique clues to translational research in aging and cancer. We illustrate this approach with the example of the metabolic syndrome and cancer. Epidemiologic and clinical cohorts highlighted an association between the metabolic syndrome and a higher risk and worse prognosis of various cancers. In a bedside-to-bench transition, this led to an interest in analyzing the potential mechanisms underlying this association. At least ten potential mechanisms could be implicated, with the challenge of understanding which are the dominant ones in human patients. Bench-to-bedside studies are beginning to shed some light on that aspect, and some therapeutic trials are beginning to exploit the lessons learned.</p>","PeriodicalId":87437,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology","volume":"38 ","pages":"49-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000343621","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31315173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Targeting age-related changes in the biology of acute myeloid leukemia: is the patient seeing the progress?. 针对急性髓性白血病的年龄相关生物学变化:患者是否看到了进展?
Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology Pub Date : 2013-01-01 Epub Date: 2013-01-17 DOI: 10.1159/000343623
Norbert Vey
{"title":"Targeting age-related changes in the biology of acute myeloid leukemia: is the patient seeing the progress?.","authors":"Norbert Vey","doi":"10.1159/000343623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000343623","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in the elderly is poor with overall less than 5% of the patients expected to be alive after 5 years. In many studies, age was an independent poor prognostic factor. In the elderly, the frequency of secondary forms of AML, of unfavorable cytogenetics, expression of multidrug resistance genes in part explains the poor outcome. However, based on genetic and molecular studies, there is no evidence for specific biological features of the disease in the elderly. Host-related factors including comorbidity and reduced functional reserves also account for the severity of the disease. Finally, population-based studies show that approximately 30% of patients older than 65 years are offered intensive chemotherapy. This chapter summarizes the recent advances in the biology of AML, in particular the impact of new molecular markers. An overview of the studies that have evaluated comorbidities and results of geriatric assessments in these patients are also presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":87437,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology","volume":"38 ","pages":"73-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000343623","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31315175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
Surgery in older cancer patients - recent results and new techniques: worth the investment?. 老年癌症患者的外科手术-最近的结果和新技术:值得投资吗?
Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology Pub Date : 2013-01-01 Epub Date: 2013-01-17 DOI: 10.1159/000343582
Barbara L van Leeuwen, Monique G Huisman, Riccardo A Audisio
{"title":"Surgery in older cancer patients - recent results and new techniques: worth the investment?.","authors":"Barbara L van Leeuwen,&nbsp;Monique G Huisman,&nbsp;Riccardo A Audisio","doi":"10.1159/000343582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000343582","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent developments in oncogeriatric surgery focus on several items - preoperative risk estimation and identification of frail patients and optimalization of perioperative care. New screening tools are being evaluated and show promising results. There is increasing evidence that preoperative training of frail patients might decrease the rate of postoperative complications and increase survival. The recent trend towards individualized treatment schemes will certainly be of benefit for the elderly population. More tools are becoming available to answer the most difficult question of all, namely whether surgery is the optimal treatment in this individual frail elderly oncogeriatric patient.</p>","PeriodicalId":87437,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology","volume":"38 ","pages":"124-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000343582","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31314610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
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