Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology最新文献

The great evolutionary divide: two genomic systems biologies of aging. 巨大的进化鸿沟:衰老的两个基因组系统生物学。

Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology Pub Date : 2015-01-01 Epub Date: 2014-10-13 DOI: 10.1159/000364930

Michael R Rose, Larry G Cabral, Mark A Philips, Grant A Rutledge, Kevin H Phung, Laurence D Mueller, Lee F Greer

{"title":"The great evolutionary divide: two genomic systems biologies of aging.","authors":"Michael R Rose, Larry G Cabral, Mark A Philips, Grant A Rutledge, Kevin H Phung, Laurence D Mueller, Lee F Greer","doi":"10.1159/000364930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000364930","url":null,"abstract":"There is not one systems biology of aging, but two. Though aging can evolve in either sexual or asexual species when there is asymmetric reproduction, the evolutionary genetics of aging in species with frequent sexual recombination are quite different from those arising when sex is rare or absent. When recombination is rare, selection is expected to act chiefly on rare large-effect mutations, which purge genetic variation due to genome-wide hitchhiking. In such species, the systems biology of aging can focus on the effects of large-effect mutants, transgenics, and combinations of such genetic manipulations. By contrast, sexually outbreeding species maintain abundant genetic polymorphism within populations. In such species, the systems biology of aging can examine the genome-wide effects of selection and genetic drift on the numerous polymorphic loci that respond to laboratory selection for different patterns of aging. An important question of medical relevance is to what extent insights derived from the systems biology of aging in model species can be applied to human aging.","PeriodicalId":87437,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology","volume":"40 ","pages":"63-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000364930","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32768911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

How does the body know how old it is? Introducing the epigenetic clock hypothesis. 身体怎么知道自己的年龄呢?引入表观遗传时钟假说。

Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology Pub Date : 2015-01-01 Epub Date: 2014-10-14 DOI: 10.1159/000364929

Joshua Mitteldorf

{"title":"How does the body know how old it is? Introducing the epigenetic clock hypothesis.","authors":"Joshua Mitteldorf","doi":"10.1159/000364929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000364929","url":null,"abstract":"Animals and plants have biological clocks that help to regulate circadian cycles, seasonal rhythms, growth, development and sexual maturity. If aging is not a stochastic process of attrition but is centrally orchestrated, it is reasonable to suspect that the timing of senescence is also influenced by one or more biological clocks. Evolutionary reasoning first articulated by G. Williams suggests that multiple, redundant clocks might influence organismal aging. Some aging clocks that have been proposed include the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the hypothalamus, involution of the thymus, and cellular senescence. Cellular senescence, mediated by telomere attrition, is in a class by itself, having recently been validated as a primary regulator of aging. Gene expression is known to change in characteristic ways with age, and in particular DNA methylation changes in age-related ways. Herein, I propose a new candidate for an aging clock, based on epigenetics and the state of chromosome methylation, particularly in stem cells. If validated, this mechanism would present a challenging but not impossible target for medical intervention.","PeriodicalId":87437,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology","volume":"40 ","pages":"49-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000364929","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32768910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development and aging: two opposite but complementary phenomena. 发展与衰老是两个相反但又相辅相成的现象。

Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology Pub Date : 2015-01-01 Epub Date: 2014-10-13 DOI: 10.1159/000364932

Bruno César Feltes, Joice de Faria Poloni, Diego Bonatto

引用次数: 15

Low-grade systemic inflammation connects aging, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. 低度全身性炎症与衰老、代谢综合征和心血管疾病有关。

Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology Pub Date : 2015-01-01 Epub Date: 2014-10-13 DOI: 10.1159/000364934

Verónica Guarner, Maria Esther Rubio-Ruiz

{"title":"Low-grade systemic inflammation connects aging, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease.","authors":"Verónica Guarner, Maria Esther Rubio-Ruiz","doi":"10.1159/000364934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000364934","url":null,"abstract":"Aging is associated with immunosenescence and accompanied by a chronic inflammatory state which contributes to metabolic syndrome, diabetes and their cardiovascular consequences. Risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and diabetes overlap, leading to the hypothesis that both share an inflammatory basis. Obesity is increased in the elderly population, and adipose tissue induces a state of systemic inflammation partially induced by adipokines. The liver plays a pivotal role in the metabolism of nutrients and exhibits alterations in the expression of genes associated with inflammation, cellular stress and fibrosis. Hepatic steatosis and its related inflammatory state (steatohepatitis) are the main hepatic complications of obesity and metabolic diseases. Aging-linked declines in expression and activity of endoplasmic reticulum molecular chaperones and folding enzymes compromise proper protein folding and the adaptive response of the unfolded protein response. These changes predispose aged individuals to CVDs. CVDs and endothelial dysfunction are characterized by a chronic alteration of inflammatory function and markers of inflammation and the innate immune response, including C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, TNF-α, and several cell adhesion molecules are linked to the occurrence of myocardial infarction and stroke in healthy elderly populations and patients with metabolic diseases.","PeriodicalId":87437,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology","volume":"40 ","pages":"99-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000364934","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32768914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 209

Systems biology approaches in aging research. 老化研究中的系统生物学方法。

Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology Pub Date : 2015-01-01 Epub Date: 2014-10-14 DOI: 10.1159/000364981

Anuradha Chauhan, Ulf W Liebal, Julio Vera, Simone Baltrusch, Christian Junghanß, Markus Tiedge, Georg Fuellen, Olaf Wolkenhauer, Rüdiger Köhling

{"title":"Systems biology approaches in aging research.","authors":"Anuradha Chauhan, Ulf W Liebal, Julio Vera, Simone Baltrusch, Christian Junghanß, Markus Tiedge, Georg Fuellen, Olaf Wolkenhauer, Rüdiger Köhling","doi":"10.1159/000364981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000364981","url":null,"abstract":"Aging is a systemic process which progressively manifests itself at multiple levels of structural and functional organization from molecular reactions and cell-cell interactions in tissues to the physiology of an entire organ. There is ever increasing data on biomedical relevant network interactions for the aging process at different scales of time and space. To connect the aging process at different structural, temporal and spatial scales, extensive systems biological approaches need to be deployed. Systems biological approaches can not only systematically handle the large-scale datasets (like high-throughput data) and the complexity of interactions (feedback loops, cross talk), but also can delve into nonlinear behaviors exhibited by several biological processes which are beyond intuitive reasoning. Several public-funded agencies have identified the synergistic role of systems biology in aging research. Using one of the notable public-funded programs (GERONTOSYS), we discuss how systems biological approaches are helping the scientists to find new frontiers in aging research. We elaborate on some systems biological approaches deployed in one of the projects of the consortium (ROSage). The systems biology field in aging research is at its infancy. It is open to adapt existing systems biological methodologies from other research fields and devise new aging-specific systems biological methodologies.","PeriodicalId":87437,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology","volume":"40 ","pages":"155-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000364981","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32769435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Aging and health--a systems biology perspective. Introduction. 衰老与健康——一个系统生物学的视角。介绍。

Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology Pub Date : 2015-01-01

S Michal Jazwinski, Anatoliy I Yashin

引用次数: 0

Introduction to the theory of aging networks. 老化网络理论导论。

Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology Pub Date : 2015-01-01 Epub Date: 2014-10-14 DOI: 10.1159/000364922

Tarynn M Witten

引用次数: 5

Diet-microbiota-health interactions in older subjects: implications for healthy aging. 老年人饮食-微生物-健康的相互作用:对健康老龄化的影响。

Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology Pub Date : 2015-01-01 Epub Date: 2014-10-13 DOI: 10.1159/000364976

D B Lynch, I B Jeffery, S Cusack, E M O'Connor, P W O'Toole

{"title":"Diet-microbiota-health interactions in older subjects: implications for healthy aging.","authors":"D B Lynch, I B Jeffery, S Cusack, E M O'Connor, P W O'Toole","doi":"10.1159/000364976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000364976","url":null,"abstract":"With modern medicine and an awareness of healthy lifestyle practices, people are living longer and generally healthier lives than their ancestors. These successes of modern medicine have resulted in an increasing proportion of elderly in society. Research groups around the world have investigated the contribution of gut microbial communities to human health and well-being. It was established that the microbiota composition of the human gut is modulated by lifestyle factors, especially diet. The microbiota composition and function, acting in concert with direct and indirect effects of habitual diet, is of great importance in remaining healthy and active. This is not a new concept, but until now the scale of the potential microbiota contribution was not appreciated. There are an estimated ten times more bacteria in an individual than human cells. The bacterial population is relatively stable in adults, but the age-related changes that occur later in life can have a negative impact on host health. This loss of the adult-associated microbiota correlates with measures of markers of inflammation, frailty, co-morbidity and nutritional status. This effect may be greater than that of diet or in some cases genetics alone. Collectively, the recent studies show the importance of the microbiota and associated metabolites in healthy aging and the importance of diet in its modulation.","PeriodicalId":87437,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology","volume":"40 ","pages":"141-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000364976","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32769434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 29

Melatonin and circadian oscillators in aging--a dynamic approach to the multiply connected players. 褪黑素和衰老中的昼夜节律振荡器——一种针对多重关联参与者的动态方法。

Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology Pub Date : 2015-01-01 Epub Date: 2014-10-13 DOI: 10.1159/000364975

Rüdiger Hardeland

{"title":"Melatonin and circadian oscillators in aging--a dynamic approach to the multiply connected players.","authors":"Rüdiger Hardeland","doi":"10.1159/000364975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000364975","url":null,"abstract":"From the perspective of systems biology, melatonin is relevant to aging in multiple ways. As a highly pleiotropic agent, it acts as a modulator and protectant of mitochondrial electron flux, a potent antioxidant that supports the redox balance and prevents excessive free radical formation, a coregulator of metabolic sensing and antagonist of insulin resistance, an immune modulator, a physiological hypnotic and, importantly, an orchestrating chronobiotic. It entrains central and peripheral circadian clocks and is required for some high-amplitude rhythms. The circadian system, which controls countless functions, is composed of many cellular oscillators that involve various accessory clock proteins, some of which are modulated by melatonin, e.g. sirtuin 1, AMP-dependent protein kinase, and protein kinase Cα. Aging and age-related diseases are associated with losses in melatonin secretion and rhythm amplitudes. The dynamic properties of aging processes deserve particular attention. This concerns especially two vicious cycles, one of peroxynitrite formation driven by inflammation or overexcitation, another one of inflammaging driven by the senescence-associated secretory phenotype, and additionally the loss of dynamics in a deteriorating circadian multioscillator system.","PeriodicalId":87437,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology","volume":"40 ","pages":"128-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000364975","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32768916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 38

Computational systems biology for aging research. 衰老研究的计算系统生物学。

Interdisciplinary topics in gerontology Pub Date : 2015-01-01 Epub Date: 2014-10-14 DOI: 10.1159/000364928

Mark T Mc Auley, Kathleen M Mooney

引用次数: 19