Behavioral Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Am I (Not) Perfect? Fear of Failure Mediates the Link Between Vulnerable Narcissism and Perfectionism.","authors":"Sabrina Schneider, Sabrina Kornberger, Angela Aja Aßmuth, Andreas Mokros","doi":"10.3390/bs15091214","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs15091214","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>(1) Background: Perfectionism, generally conceptualized as a striving for flawlessness, can lead to maladaptive thoughts, feelings, and behavior. Both grandiose narcissism (GN) and vulnerable narcissism (VN) represent relevant personality dispositions for perfectionism. There is reason to assume that GN and VN predispose to different forms of perfectionist cognition and behavior. It remains unclear, however, whether GN and VN are indeed distinctly associated with different aspects of perfectionism and-if so-why. (2) Methods: We explored relationships between GN, VN, other-oriented, and socially prescribed perfectionism in a convenience sample of 210 adults (59% female) and further examined whether these relationships were mediated by distinct aspects of fear of failure, which has been identified as a critical driver for perfectionism. Moreover, we assessed implicit failure avoidance by means of response latencies obtained in a lexical approach-avoidance task. (3) Results: Our results indicate that perfectionist styles discriminate GN from VN whereby GN predict other-oriented and VN predict socially prescribed perfectionism. The latter relationship was largely mediated by social aspects of fear of failure (e.g., the fear of important others losing interest). In contrast, fear of failure did not explain the link between GN and other-oriented perfectionism. Furthermore, only VN was exclusively related to faster implicit failure avoidance. (4) Conclusions: This pattern of results suggests distinct mechanisms for GN and VN in the context of perfectionism. Our study provides support for the theoretical separation of GN and VN as relatively distinct phenotypes of narcissism and adds to clinical research linking GN and VN with different types of psychopathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466693/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145172346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do Family Obligations Contribute to Academic Values? The Mediating Role of Academic Efficacy.","authors":"Ciara S Glover, Mayra Y Bámaca, Kazumi Homma","doi":"10.3390/bs15091212","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs15091212","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Existing frameworks of task values have called for greater attention to contextual factors that inform decision-making. A critique of this research is a lack of attention to the cultural and situational milieu embedded in motivational theories. Investigating the development of academic values through obligations to the family and self-perceptions of academic ability adds to our understanding of the broader factors that drive student motivation in STEM. This paper explored the roles of family-related obligations associated with the motivational utility values of college STEM majors and the mediating role of academic efficacy. College students at two large ethnically diverse public research institutions shared their experiences in an initial survey as part of a larger longitudinal study on student adversity, motivation, and persistence in STEM (<i>N</i> = 1571, <i>Mage</i> = 20.41). The results revealed that academic efficacy weakens the roles of caregiving obligations on the perceived utility of their STEM major. The role of financial obligations to the family on students' utility values operated indirectly through self-efficacy. Implications of these findings for future research are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466623/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145172673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Healthcare Professionals' Experiences of Brief Admission by Self-Referral for Adolescents with Self-Harm at Risk of Suicide-A Qualitative Interview Study.","authors":"Rose-Marie Lindkvist, Kajsa Landgren, Sophia Eberhard, Björn Axel Johansson, Olof Rask, Sofie Westling","doi":"10.3390/bs15091210","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs15091210","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brief Admission by Self-referral (BA), a standardized crisis intervention for individuals with repeated self-harm or suicidal behavior, was adapted for adolescents from 13 years in Region Skåne, Sweden, in 2018. BA aims to offer access to support based on autonomy and has been associated with reduced need of emergency care. Interviews with adolescents and legal guardians have pointed to BA as valuable and challenging, and professional support as key. This study aims to describe healthcare professionals' (HCPs) experiences of BA for adolescents with self-harm at risk of suicide. Interviews six years after implementation with fourteen HCPs from outpatient and inpatient psychiatric care were analyzed with qualitative content analysis. BA was perceived as valuable caretaking without taking over, promoting mental growth and agency by being brief and granting access. It was described as offering relief to families and HCPs, although perceived to lack a sufficient level of legal guardian participation. Key work processes included being grounded in leadership and outpatient treatment. Challenges included system inflexibility and fitting BA into the physical care context. The results of this study may support future implementation of BA for adolescents with self-harm at risk of suicide and add guidance around potential pitfalls.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466622/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145172646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Perceived Career Advising Initiates Career Orientation of UAS Undergraduates in China: Career Exploration as a Mediator.","authors":"Tingting Gao, Guoxing Xu, Tingzhi Han, Jiangshan Sun","doi":"10.3390/bs15091208","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs15091208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the context of universal higher education and labor market polarization, undergraduates in universities of applied sciences (UAS) face growing challenges in forming career orientation. Drawing on data from a UAS in China (N = 3138), this study examines how perceived career advising influences students' career orientation. Three key findings emerge: (1) Only perceived perspective advising (PPA) exhibits significant and direct effects on career orientation, underscoring the developmental value of structured guidance. In contrast, perceived emotional advising (PEA) and perceived growth advising (PGA) show no direct effect. (2) Both PPA and PGA are positively associated with career exploration, whereas PEA exhibits a negative association. This suggests that when advising interactions are overly affective, they inadvertently reduce students' initiative to explore. (3) Career exploration fully mediates the effects of PEA and PGA, while it partially mediates the effect of PPA. This reflects that different types of career advising influence career orientation through distinct mechanisms, with PEA and PGA relying more heavily on exploratory engagement. The cultural and educational context in China shapes how students respond to different types of career advising. This study offers theoretical and practical insights for building career advising systems to actively foster students' autonomous, cognitively engaged exploration processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466763/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145172577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural Pattern of Chanting-Driven Intuitive Inquiry Meditation in Expert Chan Practitioners.","authors":"Kin Cheung George Lee, Hin Hung Sik, Hang Kin Leung, Bonnie Wai Yan Wu, Rui Sun, Junling Gao","doi":"10.3390/bs15091213","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs15091213","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Intuitive inquiry meditation (Can-Hua-Tou) is a unique mental practice which differs from relaxation-based practices by continuously demanding intuitive inquiry. It emphasizes the doubt-driven self-interrogation, also referred to as Chan/Zen meditation. Nonetheless, its electrophysiological signature remains poorly characterized.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We recorded 128-channel EEG from 20 male Buddhist monks (5-28 years Can-Hua-Tou experience) and 18 male novice lay practitioners (<0.5 year) during three counter-balanced eyes-closed blocks: Zen inquiry meditation (ZEN), a phonological control task silently murmuring \"A-B-C-D\" (ABCD), and passive resting state (REST). Power spectral density was computed for alpha (8-12 Hz), beta (12-30 Hz) and gamma (30-45 Hz) bands and mapped across the scalp. Mixed-design ANOVAs and electrode-wise tests were corrected with false discovery rate (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Alpha power increased globally with eyes closed, but condition- or group-specific effects did not survive FDR correction, indicating comparable relaxation in both cohorts. In contrast, monks displayed a robust beta augmentation, showing significantly higher beta over parietal-occipital leads than novices across all conditions. The most pronounced difference lay in the gamma band: monks exhibited trait-like fronto-parietal gamma elevations in all three conditions, with additional, though sub-threshold, increases during ZEN. Novices showed negligible beta or gamma modulation across tasks. No significant group × condition interaction emerged after correction, yet only experts expressed concurrent beta/gamma amplification during meditative inquiry.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Long-term Can-Hua-Tou practice is associated with frequency-specific neural adaptations-stable high-frequency synchrony and state-dependent beta enhancement-consistent with Buddhist constructs of <i>citta-ekāgratā</i> (one-pointed concentration) and vigilance during self-inquiry. Unlike mindfulness styles that accentuate alpha/theta, Chan inquiry manifests an oscillatory profile dominated by beta-gamma dynamics, underscoring that different contemplative strategies sculpt distinct neurophysiological phenotypes. These findings advance contemplative neuroscience by linking intensive cognitive meditation to enduring high-frequency cortical synchrony. Future research integrating cross-frequency coupling analyses, source localization, and behavioral correlates of insight will further fully delineate the mechanisms underpinning this advanced contemplative expertise.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466501/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145173062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fighting Mobile Phone Addiction with Forgiveness Following Interpersonal Transgressions: A Psychological Compensation Perspective.","authors":"Gang Du, Xiaogang Wang","doi":"10.3390/bs15091209","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs15091209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Current research on addressing mobile phone addiction primarily focuses on mitigating the influence of psychopathological factors. In the present work, we conducted three studies to investigate a novel hypothesis that forgiveness, as a form of psychological compensation, may offer a previously underappreciated protective effect against mobile phone addiction in the aftermath of interpersonal transgressions. Study 1 (<i>N</i> = 391), a cross-sectional survey, established an association between negative life events and mobile phone addiction. Utilizing a recall methodology, Study 2 (<i>N</i> = 256) demonstrated that higher levels of forgiveness mitigated the adverse effect of interpersonal transgressions on mobile phone addiction. Moreover, forgiveness was particularly effective in reducing mobile phone addiction in cases involving mild-as opposed to severe-transgressions. Subsequently, in Study 3 (<i>N</i> = 175), we employed a scenario-based approach to investigate the mechanisms through which forgiveness mitigates mobile phone addiction following interpersonal transgressions. The results indicated that social bonding-specifically, reduced social distance and increased positive affect toward transgressors-mediated the relationship between forgiveness and mobile phone addiction. In future research and practice, forgiveness-based interventions may be leveraged to reduce mobile phone addiction.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466641/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145172783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When the Mind Cannot Shift: Cognitive Flexibility Impairments in Methamphetamine-Dependent Individuals.","authors":"Xikun Zhang, Yue Li, Qikai Zhang, Yuan Wang, Jifan Zhou, Meng Zhang","doi":"10.3390/bs15091207","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs15091207","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cognitive flexibility-the ability to adapt cognitive strategies and behavioral responses in changing environments-is a key component of executive function, supporting rule updating and conflict resolution. Individuals with substance addiction often exhibit behavioral rigidity and reduced adaptability, reflecting impairments in this domain. This study examined cognitive flexibility in individuals with methamphetamine dependence through three behavioral tasks-intra-dimensional task switching, extra-dimensional task switching, and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST)-in combination with a subjective self-report measure. Results showed that, compared to healthy controls, methamphetamine-dependent individuals demonstrated elevated reaction time switch costs in Intra-dimensional Task Switching and increased accuracy switch costs in Extra-dimensional Task Switching, as well as more perseverative and non-perseverative errors in the WCST. These findings suggested not only reduced performances in explicitly cued rule updating and strategic shifting but also deficits in feedback-driven learning and inflexibility in cognitive set shifting on methamphetamine-dependent individuals. Moreover, their self-reported cognitive flexibility scores were aligned with their objective performance, significantly lower than healthy controls. In summary, these findings revealed consistent cognitive flexibility impairments at both behavioral and subjective levels in individuals with methamphetamine dependence, indicating a core executive dysfunction that may undermine adaptive functioning in real-life contexts. The study offers critical insights into the cognitive mechanisms underlying addiction and provides a theoretical foundation for targeted cognitive interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466476/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145172826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examination of the Top Three Traumatic Experiences Among United States Service Members and Veterans with Combat-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.","authors":"Kiara H Buccellato, Casey L Straud, Tabatha H Blount, Wyatt R Evans, Jennifer M Hein, Elizabeth Santos, Willie J Hale, Edna B Foa, Lily A Brown, Carmen P McLean, Richard P Schobitz, Bryann B DeBeer, Joseph Mignogna, Brooke A Fina, Brittany N Hall-Clark, Christian C Schrader, Jeffrey S Yarvis, Vanessa M Jacoby, Jose M Lara-Ruiz, Kelsi M Gerwell, Brett T Litz, Eric C Meyer, Barbara L Niles, Stacey Young-McCaughan, Terence M Keane, Alan L Peterson","doi":"10.3390/bs15091211","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs15091211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many trauma-focused psychotherapies for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) focus on the most distressing trauma. However, military personnel are often exposed to multiple traumatic experiences. This study aimed to evaluate and categorize the top three traumatic experiences identified by United States (U.S.) military service members seeking treatment for PTSD and compare frequency of trauma types by demographic/military characteristics. Active duty service members and veterans (<i>N</i> = 110) with PTSD identified and ranked their top three most distressing experiences. Behavioral health professionals classified experiences according to one categorical and four dichotomous classification schemes. The categorical scheme included life threat to self, life threat to others, aftermath of violence, traumatic loss, moral injury by self, and moral injury by others. The Life Threat to Self classification represented the largest portion of categorical experiences (43%). Most experiences were dichotomously classified as military-related (86%), combat-related (70%), non-sexual (91%), and trainability (versus futility; 71%). Women were more likely to report sexual traumatic experiences and less likely to report military- and combat-related experiences. Military occupational specialty, number of deployments, time in military, active duty status, and marital status were also associated with different classification rates. There was noteworthy variability in types of experience across top three traumas, especially among certain subpopulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466772/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145172702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Muscle Dysmorphia, Obsessive-Compulsive Traits, and Anabolic Steroid Use: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Metin Çınaroğlu, Eda Yılmazer","doi":"10.3390/bs15091206","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs15091206","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Muscle dysmorphia (MD) is a body image disorder characterized by an obsessive preoccupation with muscularity and compulsive behaviors such as excessive exercise, rigid dieting, and frequent body checking. MD has been linked to obsessive-compulsive traits and the use of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AASs), yet these associations have not been comprehensively synthesized. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the relationships between MD, obsessive-compulsive symptomatology, and AASs or performance-enhancing drug use. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines and PROSPERO preregistration (CRD42025640206), we searched four major databases for peer-reviewed studies published between 2015 and 2025. Ten studies (five quantitative, five qualitative) met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analytic findings revealed a moderate positive correlation between MD symptom severity and obsessive-compulsive traits (<i>r</i> ≈ 0.24), and significantly higher MD symptoms among AAS users compared to non-users (Cohen's <i>d</i> ≈ 0.45). Odds of MD were markedly higher in steroid-using populations. Thematic synthesis of qualitative studies highlighted compulsive training routines, identity conflicts, motivations for AAS use, and limited engagement with healthcare services. These findings suggest that MD exists at the intersection of obsessive-compulsive psychopathology and substance-related behavior, warranting integrated interventions targeting both dimensions. The study contributes to understanding MD as a complex, multi-faceted disorder with significant clinical and public health relevance.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466485/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145173057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Transfer of In-Game Behaviors and Emotions to Real-World Experiences in Game World.","authors":"Zhuoyue Diao, Pu Meng, Xin Meng, Liqun Zhang","doi":"10.3390/bs15091203","DOIUrl":"10.3390/bs15091203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the complex interaction between in-game behaviors, post-game emotional expressions, and Game Transfer Phenomena (GTP) among MOBA players. A multidimensional framework is adopted to examine how gaming experiences shape real-world cognition, perception, and behavior through the integration of objective behavioral metrics and affective computing-based emotion recognition. The results indicate that in-game Deaths are negatively associated with altered sensory perceptions-specifically Altered Visual and Auditory Perceptions (AVP and AAP)-suggesting that performance failures may disrupt immersive engagement. In contrast, Assists, as indicators of team-based collaboration, are positively associated with Automatic Mental Processes (AMP), highlighting the cognitive impact of cooperative gameplay. Although no significant mediating effects were observed, emotional dimensions, such as Social Discomfort and Cognitive Focus, offered additional insights into the transfer between in-game and post-game experiences. These findings bridge the gap between virtual and real-world experiences, offering theoretical advancements in GTP research and practical implications for game design, emotional regulation, and psychological interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8742,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Sciences","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12466803/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145172823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}