Behavior Research Methods最新文献_第5页

The English Pseudoword Lexicon Project (EPLeP): A resource for investigating pseudoword processing. 英语假词词典计划（EPLeP）：一个研究假词处理的资源。

IF 5 2区心理学

Behavior Research Methods Pub Date : 2026-09-22 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-026-03151-5

Fabio Marson, Rolando Bonandrini, Iva Šaban, Simona Amenta, Marco Marelli

{"title":"The English Pseudoword Lexicon Project (EPLeP): A resource for investigating pseudoword processing.","authors":"Fabio Marson, Rolando Bonandrini, Iva Šaban, Simona Amenta, Marco Marelli","doi":"10.3758/s13428-026-03151-5","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13428-026-03151-5","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, psycholinguistics has seen an increase in research focused on the processing of written stimuli that are not attested in the lexicon of a given language. We introduce the English Pseudoword Lexicon Project (EPLeP), a new database of lexical decision data for English pseudowords, nonwords, and words. While large-scale behavioral data have been collected for lexical and non-lexical items in English and other languages, none of these datasets have specifically focused on pseudowords. The EPLeP database fills this gap by considering three types of English-like non-lexical stimuli: (1) morphologically simple pseudowords generated from existing English words; (2) morphologically complex pseudowords obtained by combining existing stems and existing suffixes; and (3) nonwords, not following English graphotactics. This registered report provides an extensive overview of the steps adopted in producing non-lexical stimuli and the criteria for their selection. We collected data for almost 13,500 non-lexical and 4,400 lexical stimuli from 1,416 English-speaking participants across four online studies. Analyses of behavioral responses show that morphologically complex pseudowords trigger the deepest level of processing, whereas nonwords elicit the shallowest processing, reflecting a crucial difference in how these stimuli affect responses to words. This database will be a valuable tool for researchers interested in both pseudoword and word processing, enabling them to evaluate hypotheses by analyzing the collected behavioral data or using them to select stimuli for future studies. The Stage 1 protocol was accepted in principle on July 4, 2025 ( https://osf.io/cz9rh/ ).","PeriodicalId":8717,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Research Methods","volume":"58 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13597635/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149023718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

CoGrid & the Multi-User Gymnasium: A framework for multi-agent experimentation. CoGrid &多用户体育馆：多智能体实验的框架。

IF 5 2区心理学

Behavior Research Methods Pub Date : 2026-09-21 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-026-03078-x

Chase McDonald, Cleotilde Gonzalez

{"title":"CoGrid & the Multi-User Gymnasium: A framework for multi-agent experimentation.","authors":"Chase McDonald, Cleotilde Gonzalez","doi":"10.3758/s13428-026-03078-x","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13428-026-03078-x","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in everyday life brings with it new challenges and questions regarding how humans interact with autonomous agents. Multi-agent experiments, where humans and AI act together, can offer important opportunities to study social decision-making, but there is a lack of accessible tooling available to researchers to run such experiments. We introduce two tools designed to reduce these barriers. The first, COGRID, is a multi-agent grid-based simulation library with dual NumPy and JAX backends. The second, Multi-User Gymnasium (MUG), translates such simulation environments directly into interactive web-based experiments. MUG supports interactions with arbitrary numbers of humans and AI, utilizing either server-authoritative or peer-to-peer networking with rollback netcode to account for latency. Together, these tools can enable researchers to deploy studies of human-AI interaction, facilitating inquiry into core questions of psychology, cognition, and decision-making, and their relationship to human-AI interaction. Both tools are open source and available to the broader research community. Documentation and source code is available at {cogrid, multi-user-gymnasium}.readthedocs.io. This paper details the functionality of these tools and presents several case studies to illustrate their utility in human-AI multi-agent experimentation.","PeriodicalId":8717,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Research Methods","volume":"58 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13593629/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149015510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The MultiSOCIAL Toolbox: An open-source toolkit for advancing multimodal interaction research. MultiSOCIAL工具箱：一个用于推进多模式交互研究的开源工具箱。

IF 5 2区心理学

Behavior Research Methods Pub Date : 2026-09-18 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-026-03176-w

Veronica Romero, Tahiya Chowdhury, Alexandra Paxton, Muneeb Nafees

{"title":"The MultiSOCIAL Toolbox: An open-source toolkit for advancing multimodal interaction research.","authors":"Veronica Romero, Tahiya Chowdhury, Alexandra Paxton, Muneeb Nafees","doi":"10.3758/s13428-026-03176-w","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13428-026-03176-w","url":null,"abstract":"Human interaction is intrinsically multimodal, in that it unfolds across different kinds of behaviors (or modalities). However, many researchers have found it difficult to systematically investigate the richness of multimodal communication due to its theoretical and technical complexity. To help overcome some of the technical hurdles, we introduce an open-source single-platform solution: the MultiSOCIAL (Multimodal timeSeries Open-SourCe Interaction Analysis Library) Toolbox. The Toolbox enables any researcher who has video files to extract time-series data in three modalities: body movement to quantify non-verbal behavior through a pose estimation algorithm; transcripts of what was said during an interaction through the use of an automatic speech recognition system; and acoustic prosodic characteristics of speech through the use of audio signal processing. The toolkit uses existing gold-standard open-source tools, and we have brought them together in a freely available graphical user interface (GUI) that requires no coding and runs exclusively on the user's machine. To provide a concrete use-case, we present an analysis of a new dataset collected by undergraduate students as part of a seminar class. Here, we specifically analyze the movement data from the study to exemplify the complexity available in video data from just one modality. We find that friends show higher interpersonal bodily coordination than strangers and that this coordination is both more stable and more complex throughout a simple affiliative conversation. We end with some practical recommendations for using the Toolbox, including how to best set up experiments to get the most accurate data possible to maximize data quality.","PeriodicalId":8717,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Research Methods","volume":"58 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13588923/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149001207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A systematic scoping review identifying effective virtual reality stress tasks inducing physiological reactivity for future wearables validation. 一项系统的范围审查，确定有效的虚拟现实压力任务，为未来的可穿戴设备验证诱导生理反应。

IF 5 2区心理学

Behavior Research Methods Pub Date : 2026-09-18 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-026-03161-3

Magdalena Sikora, Xiaochang Zhao, Jan-Willem van 't Klooster, Zeynep Koyuncu, Eco de Geus, Matthijs Noordzij

{"title":"A systematic scoping review identifying effective virtual reality stress tasks inducing physiological reactivity for future wearables validation.","authors":"Magdalena Sikora, Xiaochang Zhao, Jan-Willem van 't Klooster, Zeynep Koyuncu, Eco de Geus, Matthijs Noordzij","doi":"10.3758/s13428-026-03161-3","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13428-026-03161-3","url":null,"abstract":"Efficient and ecologically sound validation of wearables remains a major challenge in stress research. Virtual reality (VR) could support this by providing standardized, immersive stress induction, but the field lacks a comprehensive and exhaustive overview of which VR tasks reliably evoke physiological stress responses. This review delivers a systematic comparison of VR stressors, mapping 11 tasks into three core stressor categories (social-evaluative, environmental, and cognitive) and offers a synthesis of their effectiveness, methodological characteristics, and suitability for VR-based wearables validation. We examined VR's effectiveness for physiological stress elicitation, both qualitatively with the focus on task design and quantitatively through available effect sizes of responses. We observed high heterogeneity in stressor design and measurement methods, with the VR Trier Social Stress Test (VR-TSST) and the high-altitude task emerging as most promising VR stressors. Although several studies incorporated wearables, proving feasibility of such setups, none used VR explicitly for validating them. This review supports the use of VR for stress elicitation and for validation of wearable devices. It also enables informed stressor selection and VR study design while highlighting the existing gaps and future directions.","PeriodicalId":8717,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Research Methods","volume":"58 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13588882/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149001302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Extending standardized speech analysis across languages: An Italian toolkit for transcription and coding of neurological speech. 跨语言扩展标准化语音分析：一个用于神经语音转录和编码的意大利语工具包。

IF 5 2区心理学

Behavior Research Methods Pub Date : 2026-09-14 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-026-03175-x

Allegra Benzini, Alyssa M Lanzi, Cinzia Palmirotta, Simona Aresta, Petronilla Battista, Gaia C Santi

{"title":"Extending standardized speech analysis across languages: An Italian toolkit for transcription and coding of neurological speech.","authors":"Allegra Benzini, Alyssa M Lanzi, Cinzia Palmirotta, Simona Aresta, Petronilla Battista, Gaia C Santi","doi":"10.3758/s13428-026-03175-x","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13428-026-03175-x","url":null,"abstract":"Speech and language analysis plays a central role in assessing adult neurological disorders, providing sensitive markers across clinical populations to support diagnosis. Standardized transcription and coding systems are essential to ensure reproducible analyses and enable comparisons across studies and languages. However, practical guidance on adapting such systems for non-English speakers remains limited. This work presents a structured toolkit for adapting speech and language transcription and coding conventions of adult speakers with neurological disorders from English to Italian. The adaptation builds on the CHAT conventions developed within the TalkBank framework. It follows the guiding principles of clarity, readability, and efficiency of data entry, while ensuring linguistic appropriateness for Italian. Original commands and coding options were systematically evaluated and then retained, modified, excluded, or added as needed, with the majority of changes in the coding process reflecting Italian-specific phonetic-phonological and morphosyntactic norms and typical impairment of aphasic production. Beyond providing a ready-to-use Italian manual, this toolkit defines a transparent and replicable framework for cross-linguistic adaptation. The manual was designed as a flexible resource in which users can select coding options guided by specific goals, allowing them to focus on relevant linguistic features at the word or sentence level or across different linguistic domains. By providing linguistically grounded conventions compatible with the TalkBank framework, the Italian Toolkit supports clinically meaningful speech analysis in Italian-speaking adults, and it offers a methodological model for extending standardized annotation systems to other languages.","PeriodicalId":8717,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Research Methods","volume":"58 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13574730/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148966397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Emotion in English as a foreign language: Affective ratings for over 2,000 words by college learners. 英语作为外语的情感：大学学习者对2000多个单词的情感评分。

IF 5 2区心理学

Behavior Research Methods Pub Date : 2026-09-10 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-026-03159-x

Beatriz Bermúdez-Margaretto, Elisa Pérez-García, Angel Fernandez, María Jesús Sánchez

{"title":"Emotion in English as a foreign language: Affective ratings for over 2,000 words by college learners.","authors":"Beatriz Bermúdez-Margaretto, Elisa Pérez-García, Angel Fernandez, María Jesús Sánchez","doi":"10.3758/s13428-026-03159-x","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13428-026-03159-x","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research has consistently shown differences in emotional processing between monolingual and bilingual speakers, highlighting the importance of specific standardized affective norms for studying emotional language processing in different linguistic environments. However, whereas native speaker norms of emotional dimensions are generally well established, this work is scarce in bilinguals and even more rare in populations whose second language exposure and use are circumscribed to formal, instructional contexts. The main goal of this study was to collect affective ratings for a large set of English words in a representative and homogeneous sample of instructional-setting learners of English as a foreign language (EFL). Valence and arousal indexes were obtained from more than 600 Spanish college students of EFL. Reliability and external validity analyses for both dimensions indicated valid psychometric properties for this database. Direct comparisons between the present EFL affective norms and those obtained from immersed-English students who learned English as an additional language (EAL) and English native speakers (L1) revealed interesting patterns of emotional word processing across linguistic contexts, underscoring the differential influence of immersive and formal learning environments in affective processing. Interestingly, the L1-EFL discrepancy increased as a function of affective, lexical, and sensory experience factors, and was particularly high in the arousal dimension, pointing to the important role that emotional intensity might play in the acquisition and use of emotional language. Overall, these affective norms might constitute a useful research tool to study emotional processing in EFL populations, and relevant in applied and educational contexts for the development of teaching strategies.","PeriodicalId":8717,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Research Methods","volume":"58 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148928994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Toolkit for acoustic-phonetic analysis of naturalistic speech data. 自然语音数据的声学-语音分析工具包。

IF 5 2区心理学

Behavior Research Methods Pub Date : 2026-09-09 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-026-03174-y

Ethan Kutlu, Emerson Peters, Ciara Tapanes, Sarmad Chandio, Osama Khalid

{"title":"Toolkit for acoustic-phonetic analysis of naturalistic speech data.","authors":"Ethan Kutlu, Emerson Peters, Ciara Tapanes, Sarmad Chandio, Osama Khalid","doi":"10.3758/s13428-026-03174-y","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13428-026-03174-y","url":null,"abstract":"A major limitation in the speech sciences is access to naturalistic data in experimental settings and the difficulty of translating laboratory designs to real-world contexts. Researchers studying speech production or perception often rely on in-lab recordings, which constrain the sociolinguistic contexts examined and limit ecological validity. The Toolkit for Acoustic-Phonetic Analysis (TAPA) is an open-source pipeline that automates the acquisition, transcription, speaker diarization, forced alignment, and per-segment acoustic analysis of naturalistic, single/multi-speaker audio. The current release supports vowel formant extraction, stop voice onset time, and fricative spectral moments. We demonstrate TAPA on the 2016 U.S. presidential debate, extracting nearly 33,000 segments from a 90-min recording, and validate each measurement type against hand-coded annotation. Vowel formant agreement with expert measurements was high (F1 r = 0.89, F2 r = 0.87). Stop VOT showed reliable aggregate means but poor per-token agreement (r = - 0.04) because of a training-deployment mismatch in the neural VOT classifier. Fricative spectral standard deviation agreed strongly with hand-coded values overall (r = 0.80), and center of gravity agreed strongly for sibilants (/s/ r = 0.87, /ʃ/ r = 0.94), while non-sibilant moments diverged systematically. These findings suggest that TAPA can be used to increase access to naturalistic speech data and speed up the processing timeline with experts' supervision.","PeriodicalId":8717,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Research Methods","volume":"58 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13558450/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148918299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A scalable method for characterizing visual search strategies: A novel application of time-series clustering to raw eye-tracking data. 表征视觉搜索策略的可扩展方法：时间序列聚类在原始眼动追踪数据中的新应用。

IF 5 2区心理学

Behavior Research Methods Pub Date : 2026-09-09 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-026-03154-2

Thomas Seacrist, Elizabeth E Walshe, David Grethlein, Megan S Ryerson, Flaura K Winston

{"title":"A scalable method for characterizing visual search strategies: A novel application of time-series clustering to raw eye-tracking data.","authors":"Thomas Seacrist, Elizabeth E Walshe, David Grethlein, Megan S Ryerson, Flaura K Winston","doi":"10.3758/s13428-026-03154-2","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13428-026-03154-2","url":null,"abstract":"Situational awareness-the ability to comprehend the surrounding environment and anticipate future events-is necessary for safely avoiding hazards while performing a task (e.g., driving a car without crashing). Good situational awareness relies on sufficient visual search of the environment, known as visual search strategy. Insufficient visual search can result in a failure to detect hazards, such as a pedestrian entering the roadway from an obstructed crosswalk. To date, the study of visual search strategy remains limited to small cohorts and short experimental time periods due to the conventional labor-intensive approach of characterizing visual search strategy: video coding. To address this limitation, this study presents an efficient, scalable, machine learning approach to characterize visual search strategy: time series clustering. To demonstrate the feasibility of this novel approach, time series clustering was applied to eye-tracking during driving in a simulated environment. Eye-tracking data were collected from a cohort of young (16-24 years) drivers (n = 36) during a virtual driving assessment of performance. Raw time-series eye-tracking data were compared using dynamic localized coordinate aligned warping (DCLAW), an extension of dynamic time warping. Visual search strategy clusters were identified using k-medoids unsupervised clustering. Characteristics of the visual search strategy clusters were defined by review of the cluster medoids. Time series clustering successfully identified generalizable visual search strategies during a curved roadway driving scenario. This methodology can reduce the need for manual preprocessing of raw eye-tracking data, allowing for analysis of larger, more generalizable datasets to study visual search strategy.","PeriodicalId":8717,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Research Methods","volume":"58 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148918264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Surprisal from Large Language Models as an individual difference: Capturing the individual regardless of the text answer. 来自大型语言模型的惊喜作为个体差异：捕捉个体而不管文本答案。

IF 5 2区心理学

Behavior Research Methods Pub Date : 2026-09-08 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-026-03117-7

José Ángel Martínez-Huertas, Alejandro Martínez-Mingo, Antonio López Rosell, Rodrigo S Kreitchmann, Guillermo Jorge-Botana

{"title":"Surprisal from Large Language Models as an individual difference: Capturing the individual regardless of the text answer.","authors":"José Ángel Martínez-Huertas, Alejandro Martínez-Mingo, Antonio López Rosell, Rodrigo S Kreitchmann, Guillermo Jorge-Botana","doi":"10.3758/s13428-026-03117-7","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13428-026-03117-7","url":null,"abstract":"Surprisal is a measure from information theory that quantifies how unexpected an event is within the context of a particular system. In Large Language Models, higher surprisal of particular words indicates lower predictability or greater difficulty for cognitive processing. In language production, surprisal can be understood as a quantification of individual choices plus other produced linguistic characteristics such as selected content. Thus, this measure could be a quantifiable characteristic of how individuals produce their discourse and its predictability. However, it is not clear whether these measures can be considered an actual stable characteristic of the individuals or a measure of particular text answers without generalization to other language production of the same individual (i.e., a stable individual difference across language-based items). In a series of four studies, we analyzed the stability of surprisal measures across different language-based items of different tasks taken from previous publications. The reliability of mean surprisal scores was found to be excellent in the language-based task consisting of different language-based items, and to vary within the items themselves. We showed that surprisal is a stable individual characteristic regardless of the item but is significantly influenced by the length of the text answer. We also analyzed the relationship between mean surprisal scores and relevant variables ranging from language skills or domain-general cognitive skills to personality traits across the different datasets. We concluded that mean surprisal scores are related to certain cognitive functions and may also reflect alternative styles of speech or communication in speech production.","PeriodicalId":8717,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Research Methods","volume":"58 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148910715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reject common measures like d' and Corrected Recognition, embrace d_a: Simulation explorations of single- and multi-point recognition measures of sensitivity. 拒绝常见的d'和Corrected Recognition等方法，拥抱数据：对单点和多点的灵敏度识别方法进行仿真探索。

IF 5 2区心理学

Behavior Research Methods Pub Date : 2026-09-03 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-026-03130-w

Adva Levi, Raz Danino, Caren M Rotello, Yonatan Goshen-Gottstein

{"title":"Reject common measures like d' and Corrected Recognition, embrace da: Simulation explorations of single- and multi-point recognition measures of sensitivity.","authors":"Adva Levi, Raz Danino, Caren M Rotello, Yonatan Goshen-Gottstein","doi":"10.3758/s13428-026-03130-w","DOIUrl":"10.3758/s13428-026-03130-w","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we address the high prevalence of false discoveries in recognition memory research. Using Monte Carlo simulations, our goal was to find a valid measure of performance that reliably separates the contribution of sensitivity (accuracy) from that of bias. Relevant to myriad tasks, most notably old-new recognition memory, the simulations revealed that common measures confound sensitivity with bias, a finding termed the \"measurement crisis.\" As a solution, we propose a version of d-sub-a (da). We ran comprehensive simulations to evaluate the validity of sensitivity measures, including Pr = HR - FAR, A', d', and AUCg, in addition to da. Memory \"signals\" were randomly sampled from lure and target distributions. Sensitivity measures generated from iso-sensitive conditions that differed in bias were compared using t-tests, across thousands of simulations. For bias-independent measures, the rate of significant results should be 5%. We manipulated several parameters, including the form of the distributions (i.e., from three prominent models of recognition-memory: unequal variance signal detection [UVSD], double-high threshold [2HT], dual-process signal detection [DPSD]), the distance between their means, their relative variance, the placement of response criteria, the sample size, and the number of simulated trials. Results demonstrated that under most experimental scenarios, only da was unaffected by changes in bias. In contrast, all common measures typically exhibited alarmingly high false discovery rates, exceeding 5%. The rates rose to 100% with larger sample sizes and a large number of trials. These findings indicate that da warrants serious consideration as the default measure of sensitivity.","PeriodicalId":8717,"journal":{"name":"Behavior Research Methods","volume":"58 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13541828/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148886369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0