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Environmental sciences : an international journal of environmental physiology and toxicology最新文献

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Pilot-scale laboratory waste treatment by supercritical water oxidation. 超临界水氧化中试实验室废物处理。
Environmental sciences : an international journal of environmental physiology and toxicology Pub Date : 2006-01-01
Yoshito Oshima, Rumiko Hayashi, Kazuo Yamamoto
{"title":"Pilot-scale laboratory waste treatment by supercritical water oxidation.","authors":"Yoshito Oshima,&nbsp;Rumiko Hayashi,&nbsp;Kazuo Yamamoto","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) is a reaction in which organics in an aqueous solution can be oxidized by O2 to CO2 and H2O at a very high reaction rate. In 2003, The University of Tokyo constructed a facility for the SCWO process, the capacity of which is approximately 20 kl/year, for the purpose of treating organic laboratory waste. Through the operation of this facility, we have demonstrated that most of the organics in laboratory waste including halogenated organic compounds can be successfully treated without the formation of dioxines, suggesting that SCWO is useful as an alternative technology to the conventional incineration process.</p>","PeriodicalId":87178,"journal":{"name":"Environmental sciences : an international journal of environmental physiology and toxicology","volume":"13 4","pages":"213-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26356489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Assessment of exposure to and risk posed by toluene in Japanese residents: combining exposure from indoor and outdoor sources. 评估日本居民对甲苯的接触和风险:结合室内和室外来源的接触。
Environmental sciences : an international journal of environmental physiology and toxicology Pub Date : 2006-01-01
Atsuo Kishimoto, Hongbin Cao, Masashi Gamo
{"title":"Assessment of exposure to and risk posed by toluene in Japanese residents: combining exposure from indoor and outdoor sources.","authors":"Atsuo Kishimoto,&nbsp;Hongbin Cao,&nbsp;Masashi Gamo","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Toluene is a chemical substance whose release to the atmosphere is the largest among the pollutant release and transfer registers (PRTR) chemicals and is regarded as one of the major indoor air pollutants. We have developed a method of estimating the distribution of personal exposures of Japanese residents, combining exposure from indoor and outdoor sources. Personal exposure was divided into contributions of indoor and outdoor sources. Ambient toluene concentration was estimated for a 5 x 5 km square grid spatial resolution using the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology-atmospheric dispersion model for exposure and risk assessment (AIST-ADMER) using PRTR emission data. The contribution of indoor sources was assumed to be the difference between indoor and outdoor concentrations, which was regarded to have a lognormal distribution. The health risk from toluene exposure in Japanese residents is expressed as the number of people whose personal exposure exceeded the reference values, which were set on the basis of a review of epidemiological studies. Finally, a risk-reduction strategy is suggested according to the proposed principle of risk management.</p>","PeriodicalId":87178,"journal":{"name":"Environmental sciences : an international journal of environmental physiology and toxicology","volume":"13 1","pages":"31-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26011383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Molecular targets of organotin compounds in endocrine disruption: do organotin compounds function as aromatase inhibitors in mammals? 内分泌干扰中有机锡化合物的分子靶点:在哺乳动物中有机锡化合物是否具有芳香酶抑制剂的功能?
Environmental sciences : an international journal of environmental physiology and toxicology Pub Date : 2006-01-01
Tsuyoshi Nakanishi, Jun-ichi Nishikawa, Keiichi Tanaka
{"title":"Molecular targets of organotin compounds in endocrine disruption: do organotin compounds function as aromatase inhibitors in mammals?","authors":"Tsuyoshi Nakanishi,&nbsp;Jun-ichi Nishikawa,&nbsp;Keiichi Tanaka","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPT) cause masculinization in female mollusks. These compounds may act as potential competitive inhibitors of aromatase, which converts androgens to estrogens, although effective concentrations are high. TBT and TPT may, therefore, increase the levels of unconverted androgens in invertebrates and vertebrates. However, at concentrations effective for aromatase inhibition, they are generally toxic to mammalian cells. These compounds markedly enhance aromatase activity and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) production, along with their mRNA expression, at very low concentrations in human choriocarcinoma cells. In ovarian granulosa cells, these compounds suppress aromatase gene expression at the same low concentrations. Therefore, it is suspected that, in mammals, these organotin compounds affect target molecules that regulate the gene expressions of aromatase and hCG, rather than functioning as aromatase inhibitors. Recently, it has been demonstrated that TBT and TPT directly bind to the retinoid X receptor (RXR) and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma with high affinity and function as transcriptional activators. These compounds promoted adipocyte differentiation, which is triggered by the PPAR gamma/RXR signaling pathway. They may, therefore, exert their toxic effects through the activation of these pathways in mammals. Here, we review the potential endocrine disruption of organotin compounds via these nuclear receptors in mammals.</p>","PeriodicalId":87178,"journal":{"name":"Environmental sciences : an international journal of environmental physiology and toxicology","volume":"13 2","pages":"89-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26100610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
New aspects of cadmium as endocrine disruptor. 镉作为内分泌干扰物的新认识。
Environmental sciences : an international journal of environmental physiology and toxicology Pub Date : 2006-01-01
Masufumi Takiguchi, Shin'ichi Yoshihara
{"title":"New aspects of cadmium as endocrine disruptor.","authors":"Masufumi Takiguchi,&nbsp;Shin'ichi Yoshihara","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cadmium (Cd) is an industrial and environmental pollutant that exerts adverse effects on a number of organs in humans and animals. Reproductive organs, such as the testis and placenta, are sensitive to the toxic effects of Cd. In animal experiments, high-dose exposure to Cd induced severe testicular interstitial hemorrhage with edema, and increased incidence of fetal death and placental necrosis. Low-dose exposure to Cd affects steroid synthesis in male and female reproductive organs. In 1998, the Ministry of Environment in Japan listed Cd in the strategy plan SPEED98 as one of the chemicals suspected of having possible endocrine disrupting activity. Recently, it has been shown that Cd has potent estrogen- and androgen-like activities in vivo and in vitro, by directly binding to estrogen and androgen receptors. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the effects of Cd as an endocrine disruptor remain to be elucidated. In this review, we will discuss evidence thus far presented concerning the effects of Cd on the endocrine system.</p>","PeriodicalId":87178,"journal":{"name":"Environmental sciences : an international journal of environmental physiology and toxicology","volume":"13 2","pages":"107-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26101121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Specific dual beam fluorometry analysis of benzo[a]pyrene and benzo[k]fluoranthene in diesel exhaust particulate samples. 柴油机尾气颗粒样品中苯并[a]芘和苯并[k]氟蒽的特异性双光束荧光分析。
Environmental sciences : an international journal of environmental physiology and toxicology Pub Date : 2006-01-01
Hiroyuki Masaki, Takashi Korenaga
{"title":"Specific dual beam fluorometry analysis of benzo[a]pyrene and benzo[k]fluoranthene in diesel exhaust particulate samples.","authors":"Hiroyuki Masaki,&nbsp;Takashi Korenaga","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We developed a specific analysis method for benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and benzo[k]fluoranthene (B[k]F) using dual beam fluorometry. B[a]P and B[k]F exhibited two specific fluorescence intensities (up to 10-fold) compared with 22 other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) at 370 nm excitation and 429 nm emission wavelengths, and similarly at 395 nm excitation and 429 nm emission wavelengths. The concentrations of these compounds in diesel exhaust particles were calculated from two calibration curves determined using a mixture of 24 PAH standards. The precision of this detection method was compared with that of conventional high-performance liquid chromatography/fluorescene detector (HPLC/FLD), and our method gave accurate values within the analytical standard deviations. The monitoring method developed in this study will enable more rapid and easier detection.</p>","PeriodicalId":87178,"journal":{"name":"Environmental sciences : an international journal of environmental physiology and toxicology","volume":"13 6","pages":"353-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26530293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Endocrine disruptive effects of inorganic arsenicals. 无机砷对内分泌的干扰作用。
Environmental sciences : an international journal of environmental physiology and toxicology Pub Date : 2006-01-01
Teruaki Sakurai, Seiichiro Himeno
{"title":"Endocrine disruptive effects of inorganic arsenicals.","authors":"Teruaki Sakurai,&nbsp;Seiichiro Himeno","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although inorganic arsenicals are toxic and carcinogenic in humans, inorganic arsenite has recently emerged as a highly effective chemotherapeutic agent for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Recently, the number of arsenic-related publications has greatly increased, but the effects of arsenicals on the endocrine system have not been well studied. A number of in vivo studies about only inorganic-arsenical-induced endocrine-disruptor-like effects have been conducted using mouse models, and they demonstrated that inorganic arsenicals might act as an estrogen-like chemical in vivo and induce some tumors in mice. In most mammalian species, however, inorganic arsenicals are enzymatically methylated as a detoxifying metabolic response. Thus, studies of endocrine disruptive effects of methylated arsenicals are also needed for a clinical understanding of this attractive metalloid in the near future.</p>","PeriodicalId":87178,"journal":{"name":"Environmental sciences : an international journal of environmental physiology and toxicology","volume":"13 2","pages":"101-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26100614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Characterization of hydrophilic polymer fine particles by steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy. 用稳态荧光光谱法表征亲水聚合物微粒。
Environmental sciences : an international journal of environmental physiology and toxicology Pub Date : 2006-01-01
Daisuke Nanjo, Kenji Hara, Tatsuya Fujino, Takashi Korenaga
{"title":"Characterization of hydrophilic polymer fine particles by steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy.","authors":"Daisuke Nanjo,&nbsp;Kenji Hara,&nbsp;Tatsuya Fujino,&nbsp;Takashi Korenaga","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We synthesized hydrophilic polymer particles based on acrylamide, and their chemical properties are investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy. The morphology of the synthesized polymers was monitored by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and a dynamic light-scattering analyzer, and it was observed that the synthesized polymers are spherical with a median diameter of approximately 500 nm. A fluorescent probe molecule (C153) was introduced into the polymer/water solution, and the steady-state fluorescence spectrum was observed. In the C153/polymer/water solution, strong fluorescence inHtensity from the C153 molecules was observed with a maximum intensity at 515 nm, whereas the C153/water solution only gave very weak fluorescence with a maximum at 540 nm. Since C153 is hardly soluble in water, it was concluded that the C153 molecules existed selectively around the particle surfaces. Because of the difference between the fluorescence spectra, it was found that the chemical properties around the polymer surface were very different from that of the bulk water.</p>","PeriodicalId":87178,"journal":{"name":"Environmental sciences : an international journal of environmental physiology and toxicology","volume":"13 5","pages":"271-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26356386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
In utero exposure to diesel exhaust increased accessory reproductive gland weight and serum testosterone concentration in male mice. 在子宫内暴露于柴油废气增加雄性小鼠副生殖腺重量和血清睾酮浓度。
Environmental sciences : an international journal of environmental physiology and toxicology Pub Date : 2006-01-01
Seiichi Yoshida, Naoka Ono, Naomi Tsukue, Shigeru Oshio, Takashi Umeda, Hirohisa Takano, Ken Takeda
{"title":"In utero exposure to diesel exhaust increased accessory reproductive gland weight and serum testosterone concentration in male mice.","authors":"Seiichi Yoshida,&nbsp;Naoka Ono,&nbsp;Naomi Tsukue,&nbsp;Shigeru Oshio,&nbsp;Takashi Umeda,&nbsp;Hirohisa Takano,&nbsp;Ken Takeda","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effects of in utero exposure to diesel exhaust (DE) on the male mouse reproductive system were examined. Pregnant ICR mice inhaled DE at soot concentrations of 0.3, 1.0, or 3.0 mg DEP/m3 or clean air as the control, for 2-16 days postcoitum. On postnatal day (PND) 28, the weights of the testes and accessory glands and testosterone concentration in serum were significantly higher in the DE-exposed male pups. Testosterone concentration correlated significantly (P<0.01) with the expression levels of steroidogenic enzyme mRNAs, weights of the testes and male reproductive accessory glands, and daily sperm production. These findings indicate that very early stage mouse embryo exposure to DE leads to endocrine disruption after birth and acceleration of male puberty.</p>","PeriodicalId":87178,"journal":{"name":"Environmental sciences : an international journal of environmental physiology and toxicology","volume":"13 3","pages":"139-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26176421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Axopodial degradation in the heliozoon Raphidiophrys contractilis: a novel bioassay system for detecting heavy metal toxicity in an aquatic environment. 收缩蛇尾虫轴足降解:一种检测水生环境中重金属毒性的新型生物测定系统。
Environmental sciences : an international journal of environmental physiology and toxicology Pub Date : 2006-01-01
S M Mostafa Kamal Khan, Chisato Yoshimura, Mikihiko Arikawa, Gen Omura, Satoru Nishiyama, Yasutaka Suetomo, Soichiro Kakuta, Toshinobu Suzaki
{"title":"Axopodial degradation in the heliozoon Raphidiophrys contractilis: a novel bioassay system for detecting heavy metal toxicity in an aquatic environment.","authors":"S M Mostafa Kamal Khan,&nbsp;Chisato Yoshimura,&nbsp;Mikihiko Arikawa,&nbsp;Gen Omura,&nbsp;Satoru Nishiyama,&nbsp;Yasutaka Suetomo,&nbsp;Soichiro Kakuta,&nbsp;Toshinobu Suzaki","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We observed the physiological effects of zinc, lead, mercury, copper, cadmium, and arsenic on the axopodia of the centrohelid heliozoon Raphidiophrys contractilis. In the presence of these heavy metal ions, the axopodial length of the heliozoon decreased in a concentration-dependent manner. When the heavy metal ions were examined at the same concentration, mercury produced the strongest effect on axopodia. At a high concentration (> 10-3 M) of any of the heavy metal ions examined, axopodia disappeared and cells became disrupted. Axopodia were also degraded by the addition of solutions with an acidic (< or = 6) or basic (> or = 8) pH. These observations indicate the toxic effects of heavy metal ions and non-neutral pHs on axopodial length, and also signify that R. contractilis can be used as an effective biological tool for the study of metal poisoning in eukaryotic cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":87178,"journal":{"name":"Environmental sciences : an international journal of environmental physiology and toxicology","volume":"13 4","pages":"193-200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26356486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Approach to and effectiveness of environmental risk education of public: case of indoor environmental risk consciousness in beijing. 公众环境风险教育的途径与效果——以北京市室内环境风险意识为例。
Environmental sciences : an international journal of environmental physiology and toxicology Pub Date : 2006-01-01
Nan Sheng, Sheng-Ji Luan, Hua-Peng Qin
{"title":"Approach to and effectiveness of environmental risk education of public: case of indoor environmental risk consciousness in beijing.","authors":"Nan Sheng,&nbsp;Sheng-Ji Luan,&nbsp;Hua-Peng Qin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Increasing concern regarding environmental risk in China has led to a need for education on environmental health and safety. In this paper, we report on four main ways to enhance environmental risk consciousness of the public. By investigating residents' indoor environmental risk consciousness in Beijing, we appraised the effectiveness of current environmental risk education approaches. Our investigation showed that the indoor environmental risk consciousness of most residents is high. Most residents have some environmental risk knowledge, have a strong desire to demand better quality of their living environment, and would like to invest in it. However, people's actual behavior in terms of reducing health risk factors fall comparatively behind. It is important to use all approaches to carry out environmental risk education. Not only should new knowledge be imparted, but the public should also be trained how to take precautions against pollution. The extension of education from campus to society is also necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":87178,"journal":{"name":"Environmental sciences : an international journal of environmental physiology and toxicology","volume":"13 6","pages":"339-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26530291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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