Environmental sciences : an international journal of environmental physiology and toxicology最新文献_第10页

Rural-urban migration and changing physical activity among Papua New Guinea highlanders from the perspective of energy expenditure and time use. 从能量消耗和时间使用的角度看巴布亚新几内亚高地人的城乡迁移和身体活动的变化。

Environmental sciences : an international journal of environmental physiology and toxicology Pub Date : 2005-01-01

Taro Yamauchi, Masahiro Umezaki

{"title":"Rural-urban migration and changing physical activity among Papua New Guinea highlanders from the perspective of energy expenditure and time use.","authors":"Taro Yamauchi, Masahiro Umezaki","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"We examined the effects of rural-urban migration on nutritional status, daily activity patterns and physical activity levels for a Papua New Guinea Highland population. A large sample (n = 353) of adult males and females was selected for anthropometry and a smaller sample (n = 56) for behavioral observation in conjunction with heart rate monitoring. Urban migrants had higher body mass index and more body fat than their rural counterparts, particularly the females. The physical exertion index calculated for observed activities using heart rate values was much higher in farming activities in the rural area than in sedentary work activities in the urban area. In addition, walking time was notably shorter in the urban group than in the rural group (118 vs 52 min/day in males and 116 vs 29 min/day in females). Consequently, despite the urban group spending a shorter time resting and a longer time working, their daily physical activity level did not achieve the desirable level (1.75-1.80). It is thus necessary for urban residents to increase walking time to about 2 h per day, the level observed in their rural counterparts.","PeriodicalId":87178,"journal":{"name":"Environmental sciences : an international journal of environmental physiology and toxicology","volume":"12 3","pages":"155-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24937061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Methods of analysis for chemicals that disrupt cellular signaling pathways: risk assessment for potential endocrine disruptors. 破坏细胞信号通路的化学物质的分析方法:潜在内分泌干扰物的风险评估。

Environmental sciences : an international journal of environmental physiology and toxicology Pub Date : 2005-01-01

Yoshio Umezawa, Takeaki Ozawa, Moritoshi Sato, Hidekuni Inadera, Shuichi Kaneko, Manabu Kunimoto, Shin-ichi Hashimoto

{"title":"Methods of analysis for chemicals that disrupt cellular signaling pathways: risk assessment for potential endocrine disruptors.","authors":"Yoshio Umezawa, Takeaki Ozawa, Moritoshi Sato, Hidekuni Inadera, Shuichi Kaneko, Manabu Kunimoto, Shin-ichi Hashimoto","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Here we present a basic concept and several examples of methods of analysis for chemicals that disrupt cellular signaling pathways, in view of risk assessment for potential endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). The key cellular signaling pathways include 1) ER/coactivator interaction, 2) AR translocation into the nucleus, 3) ER/NO/sGC/cGMP, 4) ER/Akt, 5) ER/Src, 6)ER/Src/Grb2, and 7) ER/Ca2+/CaM/CaMK pathways. These were visualized in relevant live cells using newly developed fluorescent and bioluminescent probes. Changes in cellular signals were thereby observed in nongenomic pathways of steroid hormones upon treatment of the target cells with steroid hormones and related chemicals. This method of analysis appears to be a rational approach to high-throughput prescreening (HTPS) of biohazardous chemicals, EDCs, in particular. Also described was the screening of gene expression by serial analysis of gene expression and gene chips upon applying EDCs to breast cancer cells, mouse livers, and human neuroblastoma NB-1 cells.","PeriodicalId":87178,"journal":{"name":"Environmental sciences : an international journal of environmental physiology and toxicology","volume":"12 1","pages":"49-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25196637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Estrogen-antagonist activities of phthalic acid mono-n-butyl ester and phthalic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester. 邻苯二甲酸单正丁基酯和邻苯二甲酸单2-乙基己基酯的雌激素拮抗剂活性。

Environmental sciences : an international journal of environmental physiology and toxicology Pub Date : 2005-01-01

Yoshimi Ohtani, Yoshitaka Shimada, Fujio Shiraishi, Kunihisa Kozawa

引用次数: 0

Distributions of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in Japan and their toxicities. 全氟辛酸和全氟辛烷磺酸在日本的分布及其毒性。

Environmental sciences : an international journal of environmental physiology and toxicology Pub Date : 2005-01-01

Shoji Nakayama, Kouji Harada, Kayoko Inoue, Kazuaki Sasaki, Benjamin Seery, Norimitsu Saito, Akio Koizumi

{"title":"Distributions of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in Japan and their toxicities.","authors":"Shoji Nakayama, Kouji Harada, Kayoko Inoue, Kazuaki Sasaki, Benjamin Seery, Norimitsu Saito, Akio Koizumi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) are end products of many fluorochemical compounds in the natural environment. The aim of this review is to summarize several studies in Japan and characterize the toxicities of these compounds. We also compared the levels of contamination with those reported from various countries to illustrate the unique situation of the toxicological issues within Japan. PFOA and PFOS concentrations in surface water in Japan are in the ranges of 0.1-67,000 ng/L and 0.1-526 ng/L, respectively. While the origin of PFOS in surface water remains unknown, PFOA present in surface water is very likely to have been released from a few industries. The levels of PFOA and PFOS in the atmosphere are 71.8-919 pg/m3 and 2.3-21.8 pg/m3, respectively. The concentrations of PFOA and PFOS in Japanese serum range from an undetectable level to 52.2 ng/ml and from 0.2 to 57.7 ng/ml, respectively. The levels of PFOA and PFOS present in the serum of the inhabitants of Kyoto are higher than those of other cities. One epidemiological study conducted by 3M revealed an increase in prostate cancer mortality [3.3-fold increase (95% CI, 1.02-10.6)] among workers exposed to PFOA. Another study conducted by 3M revealed an increase in bladder cancer mortality (SMR 12.77, 95% CI 2.63-37.35) among workers exposed to PFOS. PFOA and PFOS had a low order of toxicity in an acute toxicity study in rodents; however, they exhibited versatile toxicities in primates. Both chemicals are carcinogenic in rodents, causing reproductive toxicity, neurotoxicity, and hepatotoxicity. Additionally, peroxisome proliferation and calcium channel modulation are demonstrated effects. There are large interspecies differences in toxicokinetics.","PeriodicalId":87178,"journal":{"name":"Environmental sciences : an international journal of environmental physiology and toxicology","volume":"12 6","pages":"293-313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25969682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Complementary DNA cloning and constitutive expression of cytochrome P450 1C1 in the gills of carp (Cyprinus carpio). 鲤鱼鳃细胞色素P450 - 1C1的互补DNA克隆及组成性表达。

Environmental sciences : an international journal of environmental physiology and toxicology Pub Date : 2005-01-01

Takao Itakura, Mohamed El-Kady, Ryoichi Mitsuo, Yoshio Kaminishi

{"title":"Complementary DNA cloning and constitutive expression of cytochrome P450 1C1 in the gills of carp (Cyprinus carpio).","authors":"Takao Itakura, Mohamed El-Kady, Ryoichi Mitsuo, Yoshio Kaminishi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes constitute a multigene family of many endogenous and xenobiotic substances. The CYP1 family is of particular interest in environmental toxicology because its members are dominant in the metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and aryl amines. A new complementary DNA of the CYP1C subfamily encoding CYP1C1 was isolated from carp liver after intraperitoneal injection of beta-napthoflavone (BNF). The full-length cDNA obtained contained a 5' noncoding region of 244 bp, an open reading frame of 1572 bp coding for 524 amino acids, a stop codon, and a 3' noncoding region of 965 bp. The predicted molecular weight of the protein was approximately 59.3 kDa. The deduced amino acid sequence of this cDNA was 82.1% and 80.2% similar to Japanese eel and scup CYP1C1 sequences, respectively, while it exhibited a similarity of 74.9% with the scup CYP1C2 sequence. The deduced amino acid sequence of carp CYP1C1 showed similarities with those of the reported CYP1B1s of teleosts and mammals of 48.4, 48.8, 48.2, 48.6, 45.3, and 45.5% for carp CYP1B1, carp CYP1B2, plaice CYP1B1, and human, rat, and mouse CYP1B1, respectively. The phylogenetic tree constructed using fish and mammalian CYP1 sequences suggested a closer relationship of the CYP1C subfamily to CYP1B than to CYP1A. The tree showed the possibility of the existence of CYP1C subfamily genes in mammalian species. Northern blot analysis for the liver, intestine, gills, and kidney showed no detectable induced expression but constitutive expression in the gill organs.","PeriodicalId":87178,"journal":{"name":"Environmental sciences : an international journal of environmental physiology and toxicology","volume":"12 2","pages":"111-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40931319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Arsenic-contaminated water and extent of acute childhood malnutrition (wasting) in rural Bangladesh. 砷污染的水和孟加拉国农村儿童急性营养不良(消瘦)的程度。

Environmental sciences : an international journal of environmental physiology and toxicology Pub Date : 2005-01-01

Keiko Minamoto, C G Nicholas Mascie-Taylor, Kazuhiko Moji, Enamul Karim, Mahmudur Rahman

{"title":"Arsenic-contaminated water and extent of acute childhood malnutrition (wasting) in rural Bangladesh.","authors":"Keiko Minamoto, C G Nicholas Mascie-Taylor, Kazuhiko Moji, Enamul Karim, Mahmudur Rahman","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"To investigate whether children's nutritional status, especially the extent of wasting [acute malnutrition as measured by weight-for-height Z (WHZ) score] is associated with arsenic contamination of drinking water, a survey was carried out in two discrete rural areas located less than 30 km southeast and northeast of Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. 761 children between 7 and 14 years of age were randomly selected, one child per household. The arsenic concentration in the tube well water used by each child and the prevalence and intensity of infection of three geo-helminths [Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and hookworm (Ancylostoma duodenale or Necator americanus)] were determined. Each child had their height and weight measured and WHZ score determined using the World Health Organization (WHO) reference values. Basic socio-demographic data and knowledge of arsenic poisoning were collected using a questionnaire. 62.2% of the households studied were using well water with arsenic concentrations above the 0.01 mg/L WHO guideline (i.e. arsenic-contaminated households). The mean WHZ score of all the 761 children was -0.843 (sd 1.227) but children living in contaminated households were significantly more wasted than children living in noncontaminated households (mean difference = -0.361, p 0.001). When the effects of the differences in socio-economic status and prevalence of geo-helminths were also taken into account, the difference in means remained highly significant (-0.330, p = 0.006). This study suggests that arsenic contamination has a negative impact on children's acute nutritional status.","PeriodicalId":87178,"journal":{"name":"Environmental sciences : an international journal of environmental physiology and toxicology","volume":"12 5","pages":"283-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25705461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multi-source water pollution in the Upper Citarum watershed, Indonesia, with special reference to its spatiotemporal variation. 印尼上Citarum流域多源水污染时空变化特征

Environmental sciences : an international journal of environmental physiology and toxicology Pub Date : 2005-01-01

Parikesit, H Salim, E Triharyanto, B Gunawan, Sunardi, O S Abdoellah, R Ohtsuka

引用次数: 0

Effect of soil acidification on the growth of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) seedlings in a granite-derived forest soil. 土壤酸化对花岗岩源森林土壤中红松幼苗生长的影响

Environmental sciences : an international journal of environmental physiology and toxicology Pub Date : 2005-01-01

Dong-Su Choi, Hyun-O Jin, Choong-Hwa Lee, Young-Chai Kim, Masazumi Kayama

{"title":"Effect of soil acidification on the growth of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) seedlings in a granite-derived forest soil.","authors":"Dong-Su Choi, Hyun-O Jin, Choong-Hwa Lee, Young-Chai Kim, Masazumi Kayama","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The growth of pine trees has diminished in recent years in industrial areas of Korea. Soil acidification is believed to be responsible. To study its effects, we grew seedlings of three-year-old Korean pine in brown forest soil derived from granite, which had been treated with an acid solution, for 182 days. The anion mol ratio in the solution was SO4(2-):NO3-:Cl-=5:3:2, which is the average in the total precipitation in Korea; six H+ ion concentrations in the soil were studied (0 (control), 10, 30, 60 and 90 mmol H+.kg-1). With increasing amounts of H+ added to the soil, the concentrations of Ca, Mg, K, Al and Mn increased, especially below a soil pH of 3.8. The concentrations of Ca, Mg and K in pine needles and stems increased with increasing H+ added to the soil, whereas their concentrations in the root decreased. Conversely, the concentration of N and P in each organ of the pine plant was higher in all treatments than in controls. Also, the concentrations of Al and Mn increased significantly in all organs of the plant with increasing H+. We also estimated the effect of deliberate soil acidification on tree growth, using the molar ratio (Ca+Mg+K)/Al as an indicator of soil acidification. A strong positive correlation was found between the total dry mass (TDM) of seedlings and the (Ca+Mg+K)/Al molar ratio calculated from the concentrations of water-soluble elements in soil (r=0.99, p<0.001). When the (Ca+Mg+K)/Al molar ratio reached 1.0, the relative TDM had fallen to 40%. These results show that deliberate soil acidification reduces the growth of the Korean pine less than it does the Red pine, which has been the dominant species in Korea.","PeriodicalId":87178,"journal":{"name":"Environmental sciences : an international journal of environmental physiology and toxicology","volume":"12 1","pages":"33-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25196636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Inhibitory effects of some possible endocrine-disrupting chemicals on the isozymes of human 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and expression of their mRNA in gonads and adrenal glands. 一些可能的内分泌干扰物对人11 -羟基类固醇脱氢酶同工酶及其在性腺和肾上腺mRNA表达的抑制作用。

Environmental sciences : an international journal of environmental physiology and toxicology Pub Date : 2005-01-01

Masayoshi Ohshima, Shuji Ohno, Shizuo Nakajin

{"title":"Inhibitory effects of some possible endocrine-disrupting chemicals on the isozymes of human 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and expression of their mRNA in gonads and adrenal glands.","authors":"Masayoshi Ohshima, Shuji Ohno, Shizuo Nakajin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The in vitro inhibitory effects of 23 compounds designated as possible endocrine-disrupting chemicals, such as alkylphenols, phthalate esters, phytoestrogens, organotins, and pesticides, on the enzyme activity of the isozymes of human 11beta-HSD, type 1 and 2, were examined. Human liver microsomal 11beta-HSD type 1 was inhibited by 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) and diethylhexyl adipate (IC50 = 49.3 and 49.4 mM, respectively). Further, human kidney microsomal 11beta-HSD type 2 was inhibited by triphenyltin, tributyltin, 4-t-octylphenol, 4-NP, 4-n-octylphenol, 4-n-nonylphenol, and dicyclohexyl phthalate (IC50 = 3.3, 16.5, 8.9, 20.3, 23.5, 26.2 and 46.5 microM, respectively). The other chemicals studied did not significantly inhibit the enzyme at concentrations lower than 50 microM. The expression of mRNA of the isozymes in gonads, accessory genital glands, and adrenal glands were investigated by RT-PCR. 11beta-HSD type 1 was detected in human testis, ovary, and prostate. The level in the adrenal gland(s) was similar to that in the liver, which is known to be expressed in large quantities. In contrast, except for the prostate, only small amounts of the 11beta-HSD type 2 isozyme were detected in these human tissues compared to kidney.","PeriodicalId":87178,"journal":{"name":"Environmental sciences : an international journal of environmental physiology and toxicology","volume":"12 4","pages":"219-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25604397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Occurrence and origin of mutagenicity in soil and water environment. 土壤和水环境中致突变性的发生与起源。

Environmental sciences : an international journal of environmental physiology and toxicology Pub Date : 2005-01-01

Tetsushi Watanabe, Takeshi Ohe, Teruhisa Hirayama

{"title":"Occurrence and origin of mutagenicity in soil and water environment.","authors":"Tetsushi Watanabe, Takeshi Ohe, Teruhisa Hirayama","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Surface soil and surface water are repositories of chemicals released into the environment, and contaminations of surface soil and river water with mutagens were first reported in the 1970s. However, the identity of major mutagens in surface soil and river water remained unclear for more than two decades. Recently, we have identified some nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs), e.g., dinitropyrene isomers and 3-nitrobenzanthrone, as major mutagens in the organic extracts of surface soil that showed strong mutagenicities toward Salmonella typhimurium TA98 in the absence of a mammalian metabolic system (S9 mix), using a bioassay-directed fractionation method. Moreover, we identified new potent mutagens from substances adsorbed on a blue cotton (blue rayon) from river water samples, which showed strong mutagenicity toward S.typhimurium YG1024 with or without the S9 mix. One group was the phenylbenzotriazole (PBTA)-type mutagens, which were detected in river water samples collected at sites below textile dyeing factories. The other group has a dichlorobiphenyl skeleton, i.e., 4-amino-3,3'-dichloro-5,4'-dinitrobiphenyl, and was isolated from a river water sample contaminated with effluent from chemical plants treating polymers and dye intermediates. Some of the nitro-PAHs detected in surface soil, such as PBTA-type mutagens, and 4-amino-3,3'-dichloro-5,4'-dinitrobiphenyl are novel compounds. Up to approximately 50% of the total mutagenicity of extracts from surface soils and river waters was accounted for by nitro-PAHs, PBTA-type mutagens, or 4-amino-3,3'-dichloro-5,4'-dinitrobiphenyl. However, major mutagens in most types of surface soil and river water with high mutagenicity remain unknown. Because environmental mutagens may play some role in the development of diseases such as cancer, their identification is an important step for understanding the risks to indigenous biota and human health. Further effort to identify these major mutagens must be made.","PeriodicalId":87178,"journal":{"name":"Environmental sciences : an international journal of environmental physiology and toxicology","volume":"12 6","pages":"325-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25968482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0