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STUDIES OF THE RESISTANCE OF «TERRESTRIAL» AND «SPACE» BACILLUS LICHENIFORMIS STRAINS TO THE EXTREME SPACEFLIGHT FACTORS 地衣芽孢杆菌“陆地”和“太空”菌株对极端航天因素的抗性研究
Aviakosmicheskaia i ekologicheskaia meditsina = Aerospace and environmental medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-1-76-85
S. Kharin, E. Deshevaya, S. V. Fialkina, А.А. Guridov, A.B. Polianskaya, А. Dymova, P.D. Osipova, S. Poddubko
{"title":"STUDIES OF THE RESISTANCE OF «TERRESTRIAL» AND «SPACE» BACILLUS LICHENIFORMIS STRAINS TO THE EXTREME SPACEFLIGHT FACTORS","authors":"S. Kharin, E. Deshevaya, S. V. Fialkina, А.А. Guridov, A.B. Polianskaya, А. Dymova, P.D. Osipova, S. Poddubko","doi":"10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-1-76-85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-1-76-85","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the results of studying resistance of spores from «terrestrial» and «space» Bacillus licheniformis strains to antimicrobial agents, ultraviolet and radiation. It was established that the resistance of «space» strains to the influence of these extreme factors was noticeably more than for \"terrestrial\" strains. The most probable explanation of the stronger resistance of «space» strains can be genetic changes aimed to activate intracellular adaptive mechanisms preserved in succeeding generations. Spores from B. licheniformis 24 strain isolated from the ISS environment and exposed to the outer space as part of the EXPOSE-R2 experiment were found to have weakened resistance to antimicrobial agents in subsequent generations. Some of the «space» strains showed the ability to survive exposure to high doses of pulsed UV (1 kJ/m2) and ionizing radiation (20 kGy).","PeriodicalId":8683,"journal":{"name":"Aviakosmicheskaia i ekologicheskaia meditsina = Aerospace and environmental medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67951239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
THEORETICAL EVALUATION OF THE HUMAN DECOMPRESSION TOLERANCE INSIDE A PRESSERIZED HERMETIC CABIN 加压密闭舱内人体减压耐受性的理论评价
Aviakosmicheskaia i ekologicheskaia meditsina = Aerospace and environmental medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-2-90-97
T. V. Matyushev, M. Dvornikov, S. Ryzhenkov, I. D. Maximova, A.S. Rybina, A.D. Malyshev, R.G. Noskov
{"title":"THEORETICAL EVALUATION OF THE HUMAN DECOMPRESSION TOLERANCE INSIDE A PRESSERIZED HERMETIC CABIN","authors":"T. V. Matyushev, M. Dvornikov, S. Ryzhenkov, I. D. Maximova, A.S. Rybina, A.D. Malyshev, R.G. Noskov","doi":"10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-2-90-97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-2-90-97","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents an approach to evaluating decompression tolerance with the use of a model of gas dynamics in a partitioned aircraft cabin after loss of pressure. The model takes in decompression effects on a pilot as a function of flight parameters, cabin interior structures and mode of the pressurization system operation. Mathematical simulation of decompression due to loss of cabin pressure made it possible to define time of decompression, pressure differential between compartments, amount of oxygen to be supplied, and safe altitude. The model can be instrumental to aircraft cabin designers in making a rational choice of pressurization and gas dynamics characteristics, as well as performance abilities in the event of loss of cabin pressure or evaluate risk level in specific cases to consider safety provisions.","PeriodicalId":8683,"journal":{"name":"Aviakosmicheskaia i ekologicheskaia meditsina = Aerospace and environmental medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67951423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
INTERRELATION BETWEEN BIOELECTRICAL ACTIVITY OF THE BRAIN, SYMPATHETIC REGULATION OF THE CARDIAC RHYTHM AND HEMODYNAMICS IN PATIENTS WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION LIVING IN A MIDALTITUDE REGION 中高海拔地区高血压患者脑生物电活动、心律交感调节和血流动力学的相互关系
Aviakosmicheskaia i ekologicheskaia meditsina = Aerospace and environmental medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-3-33-39
M. Kurdanova, I. .. Beslaneev, M. Kurdanova, L. M. Batyrbekova, K. Kurdanov
{"title":"INTERRELATION BETWEEN BIOELECTRICAL ACTIVITY OF THE BRAIN, SYMPATHETIC REGULATION OF THE CARDIAC RHYTHM AND HEMODYNAMICS IN PATIENTS WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION LIVING IN A MIDALTITUDE REGION","authors":"M. Kurdanova, I. .. Beslaneev, M. Kurdanova, L. M. Batyrbekova, K. Kurdanov","doi":"10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-3-33-39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-3-33-39","url":null,"abstract":"Interrelation between amplitude and frequency of the α- and β- brain waves, heart rate variability (HRV) and hemodynamics was studied in 65 hypertensive patients (level 2) and compared to 75 healthy people. Methods of the investigations included EEG, 24-hour Holter monitoring, echo-cardiography, blood pressure measurement and HRV calculation. In patients, α and β parameters decreased by 27 to 35 %, respectively. In comparison to normal people, reductions of α and β amplitudes as well as powers made up 20%, 30 % and 16–45 %, respectively. Total HRV in patients decreased 60 %. Interrelations between the α- and β- waves, HRV and hemodynamics were numerous and multidirectional in patients, whereas in normal people they were weak or absent at all. The results evidence interrelations between the cerebral bioelectrical activity, sympathetic heart rate regulation and hemodynamics in hypertensive patients living in a midaltitude region.","PeriodicalId":8683,"journal":{"name":"Aviakosmicheskaia i ekologicheskaia meditsina = Aerospace and environmental medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67953062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
REGULATION OF CALCIUM METABOLISM IN SKELETAL MUSCLES DURING FUNCTIONAL UNLOADING 功能卸荷时骨骼肌钙代谢的调节
Aviakosmicheskaia i ekologicheskaia meditsina = Aerospace and environmental medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-1-5-13
T. Nemirovskaya, K. Sharlo
{"title":"REGULATION OF CALCIUM METABOLISM IN SKELETAL MUSCLES DURING FUNCTIONAL UNLOADING","authors":"T. Nemirovskaya, K. Sharlo","doi":"10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-1-5-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-1-5-13","url":null,"abstract":"Lowering or full stopping of the skeletal muscles contraction activities leads to atrophy of the muscle fibers and loss of performance. These changes affect the life quality of people who for one or another reason are faced with a limited ability to move. Among the key triggers of events in regulation responsible for the changes due to low muscle activity (disuse) is disturbance of calcium homeostasis and consequent build up of Ca deposits in the fiber myoplasm. The review is devoted to analysis of causes for Ca homeostasis disturbance, including macroergic phosphate accumulation, by the muscle disuse. The authors hypothesize a mechanism regulating the SERCA and IP3-receptors and their role in myoplasmic Ca deposit during functional unloading of muscles.","PeriodicalId":8683,"journal":{"name":"Aviakosmicheskaia i ekologicheskaia meditsina = Aerospace and environmental medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67950162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
FACTORS OF POTENTIAL HAZARD OF REGOLITH MICROELEMENT COMPOSITION TO THE HEALTH OF FUTURE SETTLERS ON THE MOON 风化层微量元素组成对未来月球定居者健康的潜在危害因素
Aviakosmicheskaia i ekologicheskaia meditsina = Aerospace and environmental medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-1-14-25
A. Gavrishin, I. Ivanov
{"title":"FACTORS OF POTENTIAL HAZARD OF REGOLITH MICROELEMENT COMPOSITION TO THE HEALTH OF FUTURE SETTLERS ON THE MOON","authors":"A. Gavrishin, I. Ivanov","doi":"10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-1-14-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-1-14-25","url":null,"abstract":"The paper gives quantitative and qualitative evaluations of the lunar soil microelements, and potential hazard to the health of future Moon settlers. Chemical composition of regoliths from 4 lunar regions was analyzed and compared to terrestrial soil clarkes. Object of the investigation was regolith samples obtained from the mare regions in the missions of Luna-16, -24 and Apollo-11, -12. It was found that concentrations of microelements Cr, Ni, Co, Be, Sc, Y, Au, Ag as well as the majority of lanthanides were much higher than in terrestrial soils. The direct contact with high concentration of these elements is likely to endanger the health of settlers on the Moon.","PeriodicalId":8683,"journal":{"name":"Aviakosmicheskaia i ekologicheskaia meditsina = Aerospace and environmental medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67950368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
ANALYSIS OF THE SIGNIFICANCE OF FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO THE PILOTLESS VEHICLE ACCIDENT RATE 无人驾驶汽车事故率影响因素的意义分析
Aviakosmicheskaia i ekologicheskaia meditsina = Aerospace and environmental medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-2-73-84
V. Burmistrov, I. V. Ivanov, E. Matkevich, E. Praskurnichiy
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF THE SIGNIFICANCE OF FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO THE PILOTLESS VEHICLE ACCIDENT RATE","authors":"V. Burmistrov, I. V. Ivanov, E. Matkevich, E. Praskurnichiy","doi":"10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-2-73-84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-2-73-84","url":null,"abstract":"Analysis of the air accident rates of MQ-1 Predators and MQ-9 Reapers from the Drone Crash Database in the period from 2001 till 2021 (12 countries, 174 accidents total) disclosed major factors, including human, for accidents. The main reason was structural faults and manufacturing defects due to, probably, long time in service. Frequency of accidents due to errors of experienced pilot-operator's varied between 19.4% and 22.9 % and due to errors in the course of skill training, 60–64.7 %. To reduce the accident rate, pilot-operators need to be trained on cutting-edge VR simulators and challenged by atypical stress situations such as multiple causation.","PeriodicalId":8683,"journal":{"name":"Aviakosmicheskaia i ekologicheskaia meditsina = Aerospace and environmental medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67951578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
CHANGES OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND MYOSIN PHENOTYPE OF POSTURAL AND LOCOMOTOR MUSCLES AFTER 21-DAY MOTOR CONSTRAINT 运动约束21天后体位和运动肌肉力学特性和肌球蛋白表型的变化
Aviakosmicheskaia i ekologicheskaia meditsina = Aerospace and environmental medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-4-70-76
S. Belova, S.A. Tyganova, B. Shenkman
{"title":"CHANGES OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND MYOSIN PHENOTYPE OF POSTURAL AND LOCOMOTOR MUSCLES AFTER 21-DAY MOTOR CONSTRAINT","authors":"S. Belova, S.A. Tyganova, B. Shenkman","doi":"10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-4-70-76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-4-70-76","url":null,"abstract":"Active mechanical properties of postural and locomotor muscles were investigated in Wistar rats after 21-d motor constraint in small cages. Muscles Soleus and EDL of the right leg were tested mechanically ex vivo; RNA obtained from the left legs was used to determine concentrations of various type myosin. Motor constraint caused a significant degradation of active mechanical properties (peak strength of tetanic contraction and intensity) and reliable mass loss in both muscles. Enhanced expression of myosin IIa, IIb and IId/x was revealed in m. soleus only. Also, motor constraint affected functional properties of equally fast and slow muscles. We anticipate that further investigations will shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying degradation of the skeletal muscles activity.","PeriodicalId":8683,"journal":{"name":"Aviakosmicheskaia i ekologicheskaia meditsina = Aerospace and environmental medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67955110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
EFFECT OF LONG-TERM FRACTIONATED ϒ-IRRADIATION ON MICE LIFESPAN 长期分离ϒ-irradiation对小鼠寿命的影响
Aviakosmicheskaia i ekologicheskaia meditsina = Aerospace and environmental medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-4-77-82
T. M. Bychkova, O. Nikitenko, D. Utina, А.А. Ivanov
{"title":"EFFECT OF LONG-TERM FRACTIONATED ϒ-IRRADIATION ON MICE LIFESPAN","authors":"T. M. Bychkova, O. Nikitenko, D. Utina, А.А. Ivanov","doi":"10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-4-77-82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-4-77-82","url":null,"abstract":"The bio-effect of long-term fractionated γ-irradiation with a low total dose was assessed by the criteria of lifespan and death rate in certain life periods. The experiment was made with 40 female ICR (CD-1) mice. Fractionated irradiation of the animals with γ-quants 60Co (50 mGy×33 wks) brought about reduction of the mice mean life by more than 150 days. The total dose of 1.65 Gy is approximate to the admissible career dose limit for cosmonauts. Untimely deaths, in comparison with the control mice, were observed both in the early and terminal periods. Also, body mass of the irradiated animals was increased throughout the follow-up time. The data can be used for evaluation of the risks of tumor and cardiovascular diseases from chronic irradiation of crews during long-term exploration missions.","PeriodicalId":8683,"journal":{"name":"Aviakosmicheskaia i ekologicheskaia meditsina = Aerospace and environmental medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67955155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
TOLERANCE OF MEDICAMENT B-190 (INDRALIN); ITS EFFECT ON PILOT'S PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES AND RESISTANCE TO EXTREME FLIGHT FACTORS 药物b-190(吲哚林)耐受性;它对飞行员职业活动和抵抗极端飞行因素的影响
Aviakosmicheskaia i ekologicheskaia meditsina = Aerospace and environmental medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-4-27-34
L. Ilyin, M. V. Vasin, I. Ushakov
{"title":"TOLERANCE OF MEDICAMENT B-190 (INDRALIN); ITS EFFECT ON PILOT'S PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES AND RESISTANCE TO EXTREME FLIGHT FACTORS","authors":"L. Ilyin, M. V. Vasin, I. Ushakov","doi":"10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-4-27-34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-4-27-34","url":null,"abstract":"We undertook analysis of testing tolerance to fast-acting radioprotector B-190 (indralin) by 147 pilots and test-subjects in a number of simulators. Indralin, a direct 1(В)-adrenergic vasopressor, increases peripheral resistance and controls local blood flow. As a result, diastolic and systolic pressure grows and heart rate decreases reflectively for a period of up to an hour. Indralin did not impact endurance of head-to-pelvis g-loading (+5 g, 30 s), hypobaric hypoxia (5 000 m, 30 min), vestibular stimulation (continuous cumulative Coriolis effect), hyperthermia (+35 °С and 55 % relative humidity) and 1-hour physical work at 50 watts in a protective marine outfit and sealed respirator mask. Indralin did not affect physical endurance or performance assessed by functioning of the neuromotor apparatus (dynamic work, static stability, resting and motion tremor, sensorimotor reaction). Investigations of the indralin effects on operator's psychophysiology and efficiency in a flight simulator showed that it did not act dramatically on job quality and attention, visual or motor functions and that operator's self-appraisal remained adequate.","PeriodicalId":8683,"journal":{"name":"Aviakosmicheskaia i ekologicheskaia meditsina = Aerospace and environmental medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67952848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
POSSIBILITIES TO STUDY FORCE AND ENERGY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CARDIAC MUSCLE IN MICROGRAVITY USING BALLISTOCARDIOGRAPHY 利用弹道心动图研究微重力下心肌的力和能量特征的可能性
Aviakosmicheskaia i ekologicheskaia meditsina = Aerospace and environmental medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-5-60-64
E. Luchitskaya, I. Funtova
{"title":"POSSIBILITIES TO STUDY FORCE AND ENERGY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CARDIAC MUSCLE IN MICROGRAVITY USING BALLISTOCARDIOGRAPHY","authors":"E. Luchitskaya, I. Funtova","doi":"10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-5-60-64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-5-60-64","url":null,"abstract":"The paper is concerned with measuring force and energy of the cardiac muscle contraction in microgravity using spatial ballistocardiography (Cardiovector). The investigations were performed with participation of cosmonauts twice prior to launch, once a month during a mission, and on recovery days 3/4 and 7/8. Absence of significant changes in contraction force and energy reduction in space can be explained by the effort economy. Mission extension does not lead to energy reduction to levels that would suggest the development of energy deficit.","PeriodicalId":8683,"journal":{"name":"Aviakosmicheskaia i ekologicheskaia meditsina = Aerospace and environmental medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67956329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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