Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine最新文献

{"title":"Protective effect of pomegranate seed oil against lead acetate-induced toxicity on the hippocampus and bone marrow in rats.","authors":"Mohaddeseh Sadat Alavi, Azar Hosseini, Fereshte Torabi, Mitra Rayati Banadkooki, Zahra Taghadosi, Mohammad Taher Boroushaki","doi":"10.22038/ajp.2025.26495","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ajp.2025.26495","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Lead poisoning is one of the oldest occupational and environmental diseases in the world. It can enter the body by being absorbed in water, air, and food. Oxidative stress is one of the mechanisms responsible for lead toxicity. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties are the primary effects of pomegranate seed oil (PSO). This research is designed to determine the impact of PSO on damage to the hippocampus, bone, and bone marrow in rats triggered by lead acetate.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Thirty-two adult male rats were subjected to this study. The animals were divided into four groups at random after they had acclimated. The control group received 1 ml/kg of normal saline for 21 days. Animals in the Pb group received 500 ppm of lead acetate in drinking water for 21 days. Pb+ PSO 0.4 ml/kg and Pb+ PSO 0.8 ml/kg received 0.4 or 0.8 ml/kg of PSO intraperitoneally, concomitant with exposure to lead acetate for 21 days. Blood, bone, bone marrow, and hippocampus samples were taken after the treatment for measuring malondialdehyde (MDA), thiol content and superoxide dismutase (SOD).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results revealed that 0.8 ml/kg of PSO significantly decreased malondialdehyde in bone marrow, serum, and hippocampus. It also could increase thiol in serum and superoxide dismutase in bone marrow.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PSO could protect against lead-induced damage in bone, bone marrow, and hippocampus of treated animals through reduction of oxidative stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":8677,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine","volume":"16 2","pages":"192-203"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13092153/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147728066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suppressive effect of lemon (<i>Citrus limon</i> L. Burm. f.) extract toward pro-tumor immune response in DMBA-induced carcinogenesis mouse.","authors":"Wira Eka Putra, Chalissa Nuruzzulfa, Dea Esaayu Mahabella, Ramdhani Faradilla Intania Nuraıda, Arief Hıdayatullah, Muhaimin Rifa'i","doi":"10.22038/ajp.2025.26348","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ajp.2025.26348","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Cancer is a worldwide health issue which recognized as a chronic condition resulting from the unregulated growth of abnormal cells. Breast cancer has overtaken lung cancer as the most often diagnosed malignancy among all genders, with a projected three million new cases by 2040. Many treatment options are available, however, latest therapies are associated with undesirable side effects. <i>Citrus limon</i> is among the medicinal plants recognized to have immunomodulatory properties. This research aimed to examine the immunomodulatory effect of <i>C. limon</i> extract (CLE) in 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced carcinogenesis mice.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The treatment group consisted of four subgroups: a vehicle control group, a DMBA induction group, a CLE 50 group, and a CLE 200 group. Flow cytometry was used to assess the proportions of the following cell populations: Gr-1⁺, CD68⁺IL-17⁺, CD68⁺TNF-α⁺, NK1.1⁺, CD4⁺CD25⁺, and CD4⁺CD25⁺CD62L⁺.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, we discovered that CLE reduces the number of immune system profiles to normal levels, including granulocytes, macrophages, natural killer cells, and effector T cells, while increasing the population of regulator T cells to normal levels. Moreover, the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) evaluation showed that several significant CLE compounds meet the drug-like requirements.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This research revealed that CLE might be developed as a supplemental or additional cancer treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":8677,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine","volume":"16 2","pages":"99-110"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13092160/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147728145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects of crocin, a bioactive constituent of saffron, in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases with a focus on molecular mechanisms: A systematic review.","authors":"Zahra Tayarani-Najaran, Elham Hadipour, Shirin Ramazani, Leyli Taghizadeh, Elham Ramazani","doi":"10.22038/ajp.2025.26032","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ajp.2025.26032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study assessed the neuroprotective effects of crocin one of the main bioactive compounds of saffron, in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, by focusing on its anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective properties.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this systematic review, we evaluated the efficacy of crocin on <i>in vivo</i> models of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Using three online literature databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar), we identified studies describing the neuroprotective effects of crocin in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. A literature search was carried out using a combination of keywords such as crocin, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective. Papers were identified to describe the neuroprotective effects of crocin from 2013 until 2024.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The total number of articles included in the present review is 28. Reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels indicate the anti-oxidant effects of crocin. Crocin can show anti-inflammatory activities via decreasing tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin levels. Crocin can display cytoprotective effects via down-regulation of p- extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, and augmentation of phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K)/Akt/ mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway activity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Finally due to a noticeable efficacy of crocin, it is suggested that crocin can be used as a suitable neuroprotective agent against Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":8677,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine","volume":"16 2","pages":"13-34"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13092161/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147728086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Vitex agnus-castus</i> extract improved the endocrine profile and important gene expression in rat ovaries with polycystic ovary syndrome.","authors":"Mahtab Abbaszadeh, Gholamali Jelodar, Aazam Salmani, Saeid Hosseinzadeh","doi":"10.22038/ajp.2025.26622","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ajp.2025.26622","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The beneficial effect of <i>Vitex agnus-castus</i> on the female endocrine system has been reported. This study examines the impact of <i>Vitex</i> extract (VE) on the serum anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), sex hormones, and <i>P450</i> _arom, <i>AMH</i>, and <i>CTRP6</i> gene expression in the ovaries of a rat model of PCOS.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Thirty-two rats with regular estrous cycles were enrolled as controls, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and two treatment groups. PCOS was induced by estradiol valerate. The treatment groups (T1 &T2) received VE (150 or 200 mg/kg body weight, respectively) for 30 days following PCOS induction. Serum and left ovary were used to assess hormone levels and <i>P450</i> _arom, <i>AMH</i>, and <i>CTRP6</i> gene expression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the T2 group, a significant decrease in estradiol (E2, testosterone, and AMH levels (p=0.028) was observed with no significant change in DHEA (p=0.967) in comparison with the PCOS group. AMH in the serum was significantly higher in the PCOS group than in all the other groups (p=0.021). The level of progesterone was not considerably changed between treatments and the PCOS group (p=0.11). The expression of <i>P450</i> _arom in the T2 group was significantly higher than the PCOS group (p=0.003) and had no significant difference from the control (p=0.200). The expression of <i>AMH</i> (p=0.003) and <i>CTRP6</i> was significantly (p=0.0001) higher in the ovaries of the PCOS group compared to other groups, and consumption of the extract improved the evaluated parameters significantly.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The endocrine profile and gene expression were improved in the rat ovary following administration of VE, and therefore, the therapeutic effect of VE may be expected in PCOS.</p>","PeriodicalId":8677,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine","volume":"16 2","pages":"162-172"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13092149/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147728090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nordihydroguaiaretic acid attenuates TNFα-dependent intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells via targeting TNFα-PI3K-NF-κB-ICAM1 pathway.","authors":"Tapan Kumar Mukherjee, Parth Malik, Raj Singh, Vishal Haribhai Patel, Raman Kumar","doi":"10.22038/ajp.2025.26057","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ajp.2025.26057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>During inflammation and oxidative stress, vascular endothelial cell surfaces express high levels of adhesion molecules such as intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1) which bind the circulatory leukocytes (e.g. macrophages), through counter receptors LFA/Mac1. The bound leukocytes on sub-endothelial translocation accumulate oxidized lipids and proteins, developing atherosclerotic plaques by foam cell and fatty streak formations. Herewith, nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) prevails as a polyphenol in the <i>Larrea tridentate</i> plant, with potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory traits. This study for the first time elucidates that NDGA attenuates TNFα-dependent ICAM1 expression in the cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), by targeting the TNFα-PI3K-NF-κB-ICAM1 pathway.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Cultured HUVECs were treated with pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidative cytokine TNFα, to induce ICAM1 mRNA level and protein expression on HUVECs cell surface as documented by northern and western blot, respectively. The effect of varying NDGA concentrations was examined on TNFα-stimulated ICAM1 expression and monocyte attachment assay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pre-TNFα-NDGA treatment of HUVECs moderated TNFα-dependent ICAM1 expression and monocyte attachment on vascular endothelium by inhibiting the PI3K-NF-κB-ICAM1 signaling pathway.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this study, the NDGA anti-inflammatory and anti-adhesion essence is elucidated <i>via</i> impaired cytoplasm to nucleus translocation of pro-oxidative and pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB, moderating the ICAM1 expression and monocyte attachment.</p>","PeriodicalId":8677,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine","volume":"16 2","pages":"66-77"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13092152/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147728123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison <i>of Hibiscus sabdariffa L.</i> extract and hydrochlorothiazide as adjuncts to Valsartan in managing hypertension in type 2 diabetic nephropathy: A randomized clinical trial.","authors":"Maryam Kiani, Hassan Mirzaei, Ayesheh Enayati, Somayeh Ghorbani, Gokhan Zengin, Saeid Amirkhanlou","doi":"10.22038/ajp.2025.26575","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ajp.2025.26575","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The effects of <i>Hibiscus sabdariffa</i> L. extract (HSE) as a supplemental therapy with valsartan for type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy and its underlying biological functions were investigated in this study.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This clinical trial took place in Gorgan, Iran with 70 diabetic nephropathy patients who had hypertension. The participants were divided into two groups: The HSE group which received 500 mg HSE along with valsartan 40 mg twice daily over three months (n=35) and the control group which received valsartan plus hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg (n=35). The study measured blood pressure levels with additional assessments of microalbuminuria, proteinuria, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) alongside lipid profile analysis, and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose (FBS), and electrolyte tests. Molecular docking simulations tested HSE compounds as potential inhibitors of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2), dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both groups showed improvements, but HSE had a greater impact on kidney function and lipid levels, while control group was more effective in lowering blood pressure and improving glucose metabolism. Docking analysis revealed that cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-sambubioside and tiliroside strongly interacted with targets, suggesting a role in blood glucose regulation and insulin secretion.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HSE demonstrates the potential to help type 2 diabetic nephropathy patients by modifying renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activity carbohydrate digestion processes and lipid metabolism which reduces diabetic complications risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":8677,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine","volume":"16 2","pages":"136-147"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13092151/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147728131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dexamethasone-induced hepatic biochemical and pathological damages are attenuated by <i>Cynodon dactylon</i> extract containing hexadecanoic acid via reduction of glucose uptake: <i>In vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> studies.","authors":"Sadaf Mottaghian, Ayshin Khalilarya, Hassan Malekinejad","doi":"10.22038/ajp.2025.26623","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ajp.2025.26623","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The protective effects of ethanolic extract of <i>Cynodon dactylon</i> (CD) on dexamethasone (DEX)-induced hepatic injuries were investigated.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Following GC-MS phytochemical analyses of the extract, <i>in vivo</i> studies were conducted in male rats which were grouped as: control, dexamethasone (8mg/kg, intraperitoneally), DEX+CD (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, orally), CD 400 and DEX+metformin (MET, 300mg/kg, orally) for 15 days. The <i>in vitro</i> studies were performed in HepG2 cells that grouped as: Control, DEX (1 µM), DEX+CD (0.1, 0.5 and 1 mg/ml), CD 0.5 mg/ml, and DEX+MET (500 µM). Cell viability and animal weight changes were recorded. Following the study period, biochemical and histopathological analyses were conducted on hepatic tissue and HepG2 cells.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings revealed that CD extract does have concentration-dependent free radical-scavenging activity, and it possesses phenols and flavonoids contents. The most abundant compound of the CD extract was n-hexadecanoic acid. The DEX-induced hepatic functional enzymes and lactate dehydrogenase levels were significantly (p<0.05) reduced in both models. Moreover, the DEX-induced oxidative stress was improved by CD extract (45%). The DEX-elevated blood glucose (20%) and triglycerides (60%) were reduced in CD-treated animals. The DEX-generated hepatic macrovesicles and lipid droplets in HepG2 cells were reduced.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results suggest that CD extract could be an effective compound for protection from DEX-induced hepatic injuries.</p>","PeriodicalId":8677,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine","volume":"16 2","pages":"173-191"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13092158/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147728127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of nano-curcumin oral formulation efficacy in prevention of chemotherapy-induced adverse reactions in metastatic colorectal cancer patients.","authors":"Mahdi Jannati Yazdan Abad, Abolghasem Allahyari, Mostafa Kamandi, Omid Arasteh, Mehdi Varmaghani, Hedyieh Karbasforooshan, Mahmoud Reza Jaafari, Hamidreza Kheradmand, Abolfazl Eftekhari, Sepideh Elyasi","doi":"10.22038/ajp.2025.26317","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ajp.2025.26317","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effectiveness of oral formulation of nano-curcumin in prevention of some chemotherapy-induced adverse reactions.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this study, 84 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer were randomly assigned into the nano-curcumin (40 mg capsule) or placebo groups, receiving treatments three times daily, beginning the first day to the end of the sixth cycle of chemotherapy. To investigate various adverse events, including hematologic adverse reactions, diarrhea, hand-foot syndrome (HFS) and neuropathy, the criteria of National Cancer Institute Common Terminology for Adverse Events (NCI-CTCAE) version 5 were implemented after the third and sixth course.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The CTCAE peripheral neuropathy score was significantly different between the two groups at the end of the 6^th course (p=0.029) but not the third course (p=0.157). No significant response was observed for neutropenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, HFS, or diarrhea at the end of both third (P=0.267, 0.258, 0.933, 0.377, and 0.811, respectively) and 6^th courses (p=0.456, 0.645, 0.772, 0.34, and 0.114, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Nano-curcumin in dose of 40 mg thrice daily was not effective in prevention of neuropathy, HFS and hematologic adverse reactions induced by XELOX/FOLFOX-6 regimens. Further research with larger sample size on different nano-curcumin dosing schedules is suggested.</p>","PeriodicalId":8677,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine","volume":"16 2","pages":"148-161"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13092154/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147728074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review of the biological effects of resveratrol on venous thromboembolism.","authors":"Hasan Momeni, Fatemeh Shirvani-Farsani, Iraj Baratpour, Saeid Heidari-Soureshjani, Catherine Mt Sherwin","doi":"10.22038/ajp.2025.26263","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ajp.2025.26263","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Venous thromboembolism (VTE) has high morbidity in major surgery, serious injury, or during periods of inflammation and infection. VTE has serious complications, resulting in death. This review aims to evaluate the efficacy and mechanisms of resveratrol (RSV) in preventing and treating deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE).</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Various databases like MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were comprehensively searched to find relevant studies published before January 2024. After defining the inclusion and exclusion criteria, selecting studies related to the purpose of the study, data were extracted, and study characteristics, methods, and biological mechanisms were recorded and reviewed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>RSV potentially prevents and attenuates VTE through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticoagulant mechanisms. It inhibited endothelial and platelet reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, enhanced endogenous antioxidants, and downregulated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and proinflammatory cytokines. RSV also regulated coagulation and fibrinolysis, inhibited tissue factor (TF) and myeloperoxidase (MPO), and reduced apoptosis. Additionally, RSV reduced adhesion molecule expression, including vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), P-selectin, and von Willebrand Factor (vWF), while promoting vasodilation and endothelial protection through increased nitric oxide (NO) production, SIRT1 activation, and ANGPT2 expression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong><i>In vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> studies have revealed that RSV has promising effects on DVT and PE. However, more well-designed controlled clinical trials with human subjects are needed to examine its application in clinical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":8677,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine","volume":"16 1","pages":"25-47"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12872061/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146123689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of green tea on obesity-related hormones in postmenopausal women: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","authors":"Sahar Ghoflchi, Hossein Hosseini, Sajad Rafiee, Ghader Babaei, Majid Effati, Mahdieh Aliyari, Reyhane Ghavour Vatanparast, Masoud Imani, Masoumeh Rajabibazl","doi":"10.22038/ajp.2025.26841","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ajp.2025.26841","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Menopause leads to hormonal changes that increase visceral fat, raising risks for metabolic disorders and breast cancer due to altered adipocytokine levels. Green tea (<i>Camellia sinensis</i> L.), containing catechins like EGCG (epigallocatechin gallate), may improve metabolic health in postmenopausal women. In this review we assessing the effects of green tea consumption on key obesity related hormones in postmenopausal women.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This study reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from PubMed, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar up to March 2024, focusing on green tea's effects on leptin, adiponectin, ghrelin, and insulin. Eight RCTs with 632 participants were analyzed using standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was measured with the I² statistic, and publication bias was assessed via Egger's test and funnel plots.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Green tea significantly reduced ghrelin levels (SMD: -4.63, 95% CI: -8.44 to -0.82, p = 0.02, I² = 98.98%), particularly at doses >1000 mg/day and durations >8 weeks. No significant effects were observed for leptin (SMD: -0.33, 95% CI: -0.89 to 0.22, p = 0.24), adiponectin (SMD: -0.53, 95% CI: -1.44 to 0.39, p = 0.26), or insulin (SMD: -0.87, 95% CI: -4.31 to 2.58, p = 0.62). Subgroup analyses revealed significant reductions in leptin at doses >1000 mg/day, durations ≤8 weeks, and BMI <29 kg/m²; adiponectin at 400-1000 mg/day and insulin at durations ≤8 weeks and BMI <29 kg/m². High heterogeneity and some evidence of publication bias were noted.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Green tea notably reduced ghrelin, with context-specific effects on leptin, adiponectin, and insulin based on dose, duration, and body mass index (BMI), suggesting tailored benefits for postmenopausal women's metabolic health.</p>","PeriodicalId":8677,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine","volume":"16 5","pages":"819-833"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13592758/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149015470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}