Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine最新文献

{"title":"Comparison <i>of Hibiscus sabdariffa L.</i> extract and hydrochlorothiazide as adjuncts to Valsartan in managing hypertension in type 2 diabetic nephropathy: A randomized clinical trial.","authors":"Maryam Kiani, Hassan Mirzaei, Ayesheh Enayati, Somayeh Ghorbani, Gokhan Zengin, Saeid Amirkhanlou","doi":"10.22038/ajp.2025.26575","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ajp.2025.26575","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The effects of <i>Hibiscus sabdariffa</i> L. extract (HSE) as a supplemental therapy with valsartan for type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy and its underlying biological functions were investigated in this study.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This clinical trial took place in Gorgan, Iran with 70 diabetic nephropathy patients who had hypertension. The participants were divided into two groups: The HSE group which received 500 mg HSE along with valsartan 40 mg twice daily over three months (n=35) and the control group which received valsartan plus hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg (n=35). The study measured blood pressure levels with additional assessments of microalbuminuria, proteinuria, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) alongside lipid profile analysis, and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose (FBS), and electrolyte tests. Molecular docking simulations tested HSE compounds as potential inhibitors of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2), dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both groups showed improvements, but HSE had a greater impact on kidney function and lipid levels, while control group was more effective in lowering blood pressure and improving glucose metabolism. Docking analysis revealed that cyanidin 3-O-beta-D-sambubioside and tiliroside strongly interacted with targets, suggesting a role in blood glucose regulation and insulin secretion.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HSE demonstrates the potential to help type 2 diabetic nephropathy patients by modifying renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activity carbohydrate digestion processes and lipid metabolism which reduces diabetic complications risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":8677,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine","volume":"16 2","pages":"136-147"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13092151/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147728131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of nano-curcumin oral formulation efficacy in prevention of chemotherapy-induced adverse reactions in metastatic colorectal cancer patients.","authors":"Mahdi Jannati Yazdan Abad, Abolghasem Allahyari, Mostafa Kamandi, Omid Arasteh, Mehdi Varmaghani, Hedyieh Karbasforooshan, Mahmoud Reza Jaafari, Hamidreza Kheradmand, Abolfazl Eftekhari, Sepideh Elyasi","doi":"10.22038/ajp.2025.26317","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ajp.2025.26317","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effectiveness of oral formulation of nano-curcumin in prevention of some chemotherapy-induced adverse reactions.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this study, 84 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer were randomly assigned into the nano-curcumin (40 mg capsule) or placebo groups, receiving treatments three times daily, beginning the first day to the end of the sixth cycle of chemotherapy. To investigate various adverse events, including hematologic adverse reactions, diarrhea, hand-foot syndrome (HFS) and neuropathy, the criteria of National Cancer Institute Common Terminology for Adverse Events (NCI-CTCAE) version 5 were implemented after the third and sixth course.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The CTCAE peripheral neuropathy score was significantly different between the two groups at the end of the 6^th course (p=0.029) but not the third course (p=0.157). No significant response was observed for neutropenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, HFS, or diarrhea at the end of both third (P=0.267, 0.258, 0.933, 0.377, and 0.811, respectively) and 6^th courses (p=0.456, 0.645, 0.772, 0.34, and 0.114, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Nano-curcumin in dose of 40 mg thrice daily was not effective in prevention of neuropathy, HFS and hematologic adverse reactions induced by XELOX/FOLFOX-6 regimens. Further research with larger sample size on different nano-curcumin dosing schedules is suggested.</p>","PeriodicalId":8677,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine","volume":"16 2","pages":"148-161"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13092154/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147728074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dexamethasone-induced hepatic biochemical and pathological damages are attenuated by <i>Cynodon dactylon</i> extract containing hexadecanoic acid via reduction of glucose uptake: <i>In vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> studies.","authors":"Sadaf Mottaghian, Ayshin Khalilarya, Hassan Malekinejad","doi":"10.22038/ajp.2025.26623","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ajp.2025.26623","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The protective effects of ethanolic extract of <i>Cynodon dactylon</i> (CD) on dexamethasone (DEX)-induced hepatic injuries were investigated.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Following GC-MS phytochemical analyses of the extract, <i>in vivo</i> studies were conducted in male rats which were grouped as: control, dexamethasone (8mg/kg, intraperitoneally), DEX+CD (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, orally), CD 400 and DEX+metformin (MET, 300mg/kg, orally) for 15 days. The <i>in vitro</i> studies were performed in HepG2 cells that grouped as: Control, DEX (1 µM), DEX+CD (0.1, 0.5 and 1 mg/ml), CD 0.5 mg/ml, and DEX+MET (500 µM). Cell viability and animal weight changes were recorded. Following the study period, biochemical and histopathological analyses were conducted on hepatic tissue and HepG2 cells.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings revealed that CD extract does have concentration-dependent free radical-scavenging activity, and it possesses phenols and flavonoids contents. The most abundant compound of the CD extract was n-hexadecanoic acid. The DEX-induced hepatic functional enzymes and lactate dehydrogenase levels were significantly (p<0.05) reduced in both models. Moreover, the DEX-induced oxidative stress was improved by CD extract (45%). The DEX-elevated blood glucose (20%) and triglycerides (60%) were reduced in CD-treated animals. The DEX-generated hepatic macrovesicles and lipid droplets in HepG2 cells were reduced.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results suggest that CD extract could be an effective compound for protection from DEX-induced hepatic injuries.</p>","PeriodicalId":8677,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine","volume":"16 2","pages":"173-191"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13092158/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147728127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review of the biological effects of resveratrol on venous thromboembolism.","authors":"Hasan Momeni, Fatemeh Shirvani-Farsani, Iraj Baratpour, Saeid Heidari-Soureshjani, Catherine Mt Sherwin","doi":"10.22038/ajp.2025.26263","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ajp.2025.26263","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Venous thromboembolism (VTE) has high morbidity in major surgery, serious injury, or during periods of inflammation and infection. VTE has serious complications, resulting in death. This review aims to evaluate the efficacy and mechanisms of resveratrol (RSV) in preventing and treating deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE).</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Various databases like MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were comprehensively searched to find relevant studies published before January 2024. After defining the inclusion and exclusion criteria, selecting studies related to the purpose of the study, data were extracted, and study characteristics, methods, and biological mechanisms were recorded and reviewed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>RSV potentially prevents and attenuates VTE through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticoagulant mechanisms. It inhibited endothelial and platelet reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, enhanced endogenous antioxidants, and downregulated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and proinflammatory cytokines. RSV also regulated coagulation and fibrinolysis, inhibited tissue factor (TF) and myeloperoxidase (MPO), and reduced apoptosis. Additionally, RSV reduced adhesion molecule expression, including vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), P-selectin, and von Willebrand Factor (vWF), while promoting vasodilation and endothelial protection through increased nitric oxide (NO) production, SIRT1 activation, and ANGPT2 expression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong><i>In vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> studies have revealed that RSV has promising effects on DVT and PE. However, more well-designed controlled clinical trials with human subjects are needed to examine its application in clinical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":8677,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine","volume":"16 1","pages":"25-47"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12872061/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146123689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antioxidant efficacy of <i>Cotoneaster nummularius</i> in phenylhydrazine-induced hyperbilirubinemia: A rat model study.","authors":"Faezeh Valipour, Akbar Safipour Afshar, Mohammad Azadbakht, Hamidreza Mohammadi, Rahele Zhiani","doi":"10.22038/ajp.2025.26368","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ajp.2025.26368","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigated the hepatoprotective effects of <i>Cotoneaster nummularius</i> manna extract (CNE) against phenylhydrazine (PHZ)-induced hyperbilirubinemia and oxidative stress in a neonatal rat model.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Fifty neonatal Wistar rats (2 weeks old) were divided into five groups (n=10): a control group, a PHZ-only group, and three PHZ-treated groups receiving CNE (1, 2.5, and 5 mg/kg, orally, thrice daily for 10 days). PHZ was used to induce hemolysis and hyperbilirubinemia. Markers of liver function, oxidative stress, and antioxidant capacity were analyzed, alongside β-glucuronidase activity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CNE significantly mitigated PHZ-induced hyperbilirubinemia by reducing serum bilirubin levels and dose-dependently decreasing oxidative stress markers, including reactive oxygene species ROS, malondialdehyde (MDA), and protein carbonylation. It also restored glutathione (GSH) levels and total antioxidant capacity. The highest CNE dose (5 mg/kg) demonstrated the most pronounced effects. Furthermore, CNE inhibited β-glucuronidase activity, contributing to its hepatoprotective action. Hierarchical clustering and heatmap analyses corroborated the dose-dependent antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties of CNE.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings highlight the hepatoprotective potential of <i>C. nummularius</i> extract in reducing oxidative stress and hyperbilirubinemia. CNE dose-dependent effects, particularly at 5 mg/kg, suggest its promise as a therapeutic agent for neonatal liver dysfunction and oxidative damage. Further clinical studies are warranted to explore its potential applications in managing liver disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":8677,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine","volume":"16 1","pages":"169-183"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12872067/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146123703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the effect of trans sodium crocetinate and crocetin on reperfusion injury in acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.","authors":"Ghazaleh Elahabadi, Arash Gholoobi, Javad Ramezani, Ali Eshraghi, Reza Javidi Dasht Bayaz, Vahid Ghavami, Majid Sezavar Dokht Faroughi, Amir Hooshang Mohammadpour, Hossein Hosseinzadeh","doi":"10.22038/ajp.2025.26046","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ajp.2025.26046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This randomized, double-blind trial evaluated trans sodium crocetinate (TSC)-a crocetin-derived antioxidant and crocetin with potential cardioprotective effects-on reperfusion injury in 90 ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Patients received either TSC (0.5 mg/kg injection pre-PPCI + 7.5 mg crocetin tablets for 3 days) or placebo. The primary outcome was ≥ 70% ST-segment resolution 1-hr post-PPCI. Secondary outcomes included corrected thrombolysis in myocardial infarction frame count (CTIMIFC), arrhythmia rates, and echocardiographic parameters (left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and LV size).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ST-segment resolution occurrence was significantly higher in the TSC group versus placebo (p=0.018). There was no difference in CTIMIFC between the two groups. Echocardiographic parameters were similar between the TSC and placebo groups. Although not statistically significant, the frequency of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias was lower in the TSC group. Adverse drug effects were comparable between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TSC (0.5 mg/kg injection pre-PPCI + 7.5 mg crocetin tablets for 3 days) administration improved myocardial reperfusion, as evidenced by enhanced ST-segment resolution, suggesting reduced reperfusion injury in STEMI patients post-PPCI. While no benefits were observed in CTIMIFC or cardiac remodeling, the safety profile and primary outcome results support further investigation. Larger trials are needed to confirm efficacy and assess long-term clinical impacts.</p>","PeriodicalId":8677,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine","volume":"16 1","pages":"130-141"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12872059/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146123267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the effects of standardized hydroalcoholic extract of oat grains (<i>Avena sativa</i> L.) capsules as an adjunctive treatment on allergic rhinitis.","authors":"Farzad Nasrpour Tahouneh, Mehdi Ansari Dogaheh, Fariba Sharififar, Fatemeh Dabaghzadeh, Nasrin Bazargan, Sarehossadat Ebrahimi, Tania Dehesh, Faraz Ahmad","doi":"10.22038/ajp.2025.26055","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ajp.2025.26055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Allergic rhinitis is a chronic inflammatory disease which exists throughout people's lives. <i>Avena sativa</i> L. (oat) belongs to the Poaceae family and has antihistamine, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of standardized hydroalcoholic extract of oat grains capsules as an adjunctive treatment on allergic rhinitis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Hard gelatin capsules of the dried extract of oat grains were prepared, and characterized for key physico-chemical properties. Patients diagnosed with allergic rhinitis were recruited for the clinical trial to assess the effectiveness of these capsules, and were randomly divided into treatment and control groups. The participating subjects received one oat extract or placebo capsule twice daily for two weeks. All the subjects (in the control and treatment groups) also received oral antihistamines and glucocorticoid nasal spray as the standard treatment. The patients' total nasal symptom scores and the presence of allergic rhinitis symptoms were recorded at the baseline and at the end of the second week.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After two weeks of intervention, the patients' total nasal symptom scores and the prevalence of allergic rhinitis symptoms significantly decreased in all of them. However, supplementation with oat grain extract capsules was associated with significantly higher improvements in the outcomes in the treatment group compared with the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The dried extract of oat grains (<i>Avena sativa</i> L.) capsules was an effective adjunctive therapy to improve allergic rhinitis symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":8677,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine","volume":"16 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12872066/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146123121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combination therapy with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell transplantation and propolis improves streptozotocin-induced kidney injury in diabetic rats.","authors":"Fatemeh Salami, Sara Hosseinian, Elahe Mahdipour, Samira Shahraki, Mohammad Hossein Rigi, Zahra Samadi Noshahr, Hossein Hosseinzadeh, Abolfaz L Khajavi Rad","doi":"10.22038/ajp.2025.26229","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ajp.2025.26229","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of the current study was to determine the therapeutic effects of combination therapy with propolis extract and rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Firstly, characterization of MSCs was performed and MTT assay was done to determine the optimum concentration of propolis for incubation with MSCs. Rats were divided into 8 groups: Control, diabetic , diabetic+propolis, diabetic+metformin, diabetic+MSCs, diabetic+MSCs+ propolis, diabetic+ MSCs pre-incubated with propolis. MSCs were transplanted via the tail vein on the 7^th and 21^st days of the study. Renal function tests and histopathologic examination were performed for all groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Serum glucose concentration in all propolis and MSCs treatment groups was significantly lower than that of the STZ group on the 21^st and 42^nd days of the study. On the 42^nd day, the concentration of serum albumin in the STZ group was significantly lower than the control. Serum albumin concentration in all diabetic groups treated with propolis and MSCs was significantly higher than the diabetic animals. On the 42^nd day, the concentrations of creatinine and urea in the STZ group were significantly higher than all the treatment and control groups. The renal index and histopathological parameters improved in all treatment groups compared with the STZ group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings demonstrated, MSCs, propolis, and their combination demonstrate positive effects on renal function, kidney index, and histopathology in all treated animals compared with the STZ diabetic rats. These beneficial effects are comparable to those of metformin.</p>","PeriodicalId":8677,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine","volume":"16 1","pages":"155-168"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12872060/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146123726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of training and <i>Tribulus terrestris</i> extract on the antioxidant system and telomere functional markers in the liver tissue of rats exposed to stanozolol.","authors":"Najmeh Kiani, Saeed Keshavarz, Seyed Ali Hosseini, Jamshid Banai","doi":"10.22038/ajp.2025.26403","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ajp.2025.26403","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present study aimed to assess the effect of training along with administration of <i>Tribulus terrestris</i> (T) on the antioxidant system and telomere functional markers in the liver tissue of rats exposed to stanozolol.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Forty- nine male rats, with average age and weight of 8-10 weeks and 180-220 g respectively, were randomly divided into 7 groups of seven rats: 1) Sh: Sham, 2) S: stanozolol, 3) S+T50: stanozolol+ 50 mg/kg <i>T. terrestris</i>, 4) S+T100: stanozolol+ 100 mg/kg <i>T. terrestris</i>, 5) S+RT: stanozolol + resistance training, 6) S+RT+T50: stanozolol + resistance training + 50 mg/kg <i>T. terrestris</i>, and 7) S+RT+T100: stanozolol + resistance training + 100 mg/kg <i>T. terrestris</i>. Rats in the S groups received 5 mg/kg stanozolol intraperitoneally (25 mg/kg/wk). Groups 5 (R+T), 6 (S+RT+T50), and 7 (S+RT+T100) performed resistance trainings three sessions per week with an intensity of 30-100 percent of body weight for eight weeks. Also, groups 3 (S+T50), 4 (S+T100), 6 (S+RT+T50) and 7 (S+RT+T100) received daily ethanolic extract of T with doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg intraperitoneally.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the S+RT, S+T50, S+T100, S+RT+T50, and S+RT+T100 groups, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly lower and gene expression of phosphoinositide 3-kinases <i>(PI3K</i>), protein kinase B (<i>Akt</i>), and telomerase reverse transcriptase (<i>TERT</i>) levels were higher than the S group. Also, <i>phosphatase and tensin homolog</i> (<i>PTEN</i>) and <i>TERT</i> gene expression levels in the S+T100 group were significantly higher than the S+T50 group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Training and T have a positive effect on the transcription pathway of antioxidants and telomere protection.</p>","PeriodicalId":8677,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine","volume":"16 1","pages":"184-194"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12872058/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146123425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunosuppressant activity and morphological changes in <i>Leishmania amazonensis</i> treated with extracts from seeds of <i>Lonchocarpus cultratus</i>.","authors":"Fernanda Weyand Banhuk, Izabela Virginia Staffen, Fernanda Tomiotto-Pellissier, Bruna Taciane da Silva Bortoleti, Wander Rogério Pavanelli, Thaís Soprani Ayala, Rafael Andrade Menolli","doi":"10.22038/ajp.2025.26025","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ajp.2025.26025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The first-line drugs used for treating leishmaniasis are highly costly and aggressive. Extracts from <i>Lonchocarpus cultratus</i> have trypanocidal activity and possess several compounds with biological activities. This study sought to observe the <i>in vitro</i> anti-<i>Leishmania amazonensis</i> action of extracts from seeds of <i>L. cultratus</i>. Furthermore, the immunomodulatory and antioxidant characteristics of the extracts were determined.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Sequential extraction with hexane, dichloromethane, and methanol was performed to obtain extracts from <i>L. cultratus</i> seeds, which were characterized via ¹H NMR. Promastigotes, intracellular amastigotes, and murine macrophages were treated with increasing concentrations of the extracts, and the inhibition rates were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of the extracellular forms of the extracts. The immunomodulatory activity of the extract was determined against stimulated RAW macrophages.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Isocordoin and lonchocarpine were identified in dichloromethane and hexane extracts. Dichloromethane (LDS), hexane (LHS), and methanolic (LMS) extracts inhibited promastigote cell growth (IC₅₀ values of 5.18±1.18, 5.25±1.47, and 33.89±1.62 μg/ml, respectively) and decreased the number of amastigotes in the macrophages (IC₅₀ values of 1.41±0.31, 6.33±1.42, and 5.87±1.37 μg/ml, respectively). Hexane and methanolic extracts showed low toxicity in macrophages, resulting in a high selectivity index against promastigotes and amastigotes. In addition, the three extracts immunomodulated macrophages, reducing nitric oxide (NO) secretion.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results revealed that the activities of the <i>L. cultratus</i> extracts included leishmanicidal effects, low cytotoxicity to macrophages, and immunosuppression <i>in vitro</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":8677,"journal":{"name":"Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine","volume":"16 1","pages":"78-93"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12872069/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146123388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}