Avian Diseases最新文献_第6页

Microbiota of Chickens and Their Environment in Commercial Production. 商业生产中鸡的微生物群及其环境。

IF 1.4 4区农林科学

Avian Diseases Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-D-22-00048

Ivan Rychlik, Daniela Karasova, Magdalena Crhanova

{"title":"Microbiota of Chickens and Their Environment in Commercial Production.","authors":"Ivan Rychlik, Daniela Karasova, Magdalena Crhanova","doi":"10.1637/aviandiseases-D-22-00048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1637/aviandiseases-D-22-00048","url":null,"abstract":"Chickens in commercial production are subjected to constant interaction with their environment, including the exchange of microbiota. In this review, we therefore focused on microbiota composition in different niches along the whole line of chicken production. We included a comparison of microbiota of intact eggshells, eggshell waste from hatcheries, bedding, drinking water, feed, litter, poultry house air and chicken skin, trachea, crop, small intestine, and cecum. Such a comparison showed the most frequent interactions and allowed for the identification of microbiota members that are the most characteristic for each type of sample as well as those that are the most widespread in chicken production. Not surprisingly, Escherichia coli was the most widely distributed species in chicken production, although its dominance was in the external aerobic environment and not in the intestinal tract. Other broadly distributed species included Ruminococcus torque, Clostridium disporicum, and different Lactobacillus species. The consequence and meaning of these and other observations are evaluated and discussed.","PeriodicalId":8667,"journal":{"name":"Avian Diseases","volume":"67 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9466810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

First Report of Campylobacter hepaticus Isolation in Laying Hens and Broiler Breeders with Spotty Liver Disease in Costa Rica. 哥斯达黎加产蛋鸡和肉鸡斑疹性肝病中分离出肝弯曲杆菌的首次报道。

IF 1.4 4区农林科学

Avian Diseases Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-D-22-00046

Dioney Quesada-Vásquez, Laura Jiménez-Madrigal, Aida Chaves-Hernández, Lohendy Muñoz-Vargas, Elías Barquero-Calvo

{"title":"First Report of Campylobacter hepaticus Isolation in Laying Hens and Broiler Breeders with Spotty Liver Disease in Costa Rica.","authors":"Dioney Quesada-Vásquez, Laura Jiménez-Madrigal, Aida Chaves-Hernández, Lohendy Muñoz-Vargas, Elías Barquero-Calvo","doi":"10.1637/aviandiseases-D-22-00046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1637/aviandiseases-D-22-00046","url":null,"abstract":"Poultry producers in Costa Rica have informally reported a spotty liver disease-like syndrome for more than 20 yr. However, despite many attempts, the infectious agent responsible for this syndrome had not been identified. Therefore, following current knowledge of spotty liver disease diagnosis, we invited veterinarians and poultry producers to submit samples to the diagnostic laboratories of the Veterinary Medicine School, Universidad Nacional, to identify the infectious agent of this syndrome. Veterinarians and poultry producers were instructed to collect gallbladders and livers aseptically and send them for pathology examinations and bacterial cultures in less than 24 hr after collection. Samples were processed for standard histopathologic studies and cultured under aerophilic, anaerobic, and microaerophilic conditions. Campylobacter-like colonies were isolated and identified by biochemical and PCR tests. Here we report for the first time the isolation, biochemical characterization, and molecular confirmation of Campylobacter hepaticus in laying hens and broiler breeders with spotty liver disease in Costa Rica.","PeriodicalId":8667,"journal":{"name":"Avian Diseases","volume":"67 1","pages":"89-93"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9412577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Immune Response Evaluation in Commercial Turkeys Affected with Clostridial Dermatitis. 受梭状菌性皮炎影响的商品火鸡的免疫反应评价。

IF 1.4 4区农林科学

Avian Diseases Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-D-22-00089

Valeria Criollo, Carissa Gaghan, Feba John, Eric Orozco, Anil Thachil, Rocio Crespo, Raveendra R Kulkarni

{"title":"Immune Response Evaluation in Commercial Turkeys Affected with Clostridial Dermatitis.","authors":"Valeria Criollo, Carissa Gaghan, Feba John, Eric Orozco, Anil Thachil, Rocio Crespo, Raveendra R Kulkarni","doi":"10.1637/aviandiseases-D-22-00089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1637/aviandiseases-D-22-00089","url":null,"abstract":"Clostridial dermatitis (CD), caused by Clostridium septicum and Clostridium perfringens, is an economically important emerging disease of turkeys characterized by sudden deaths and necrotic dermatitis. Immune responses in CD-affected commercial turkeys are poorly understood. In the present study, C. septicum was isolated from CD-affected commercial turkeys during a recent outbreak, and the tissues (skin, muscle, and spleen) were collected and analyzed for immune gene expression, along with samples from clinically healthy birds. The results showed that CD-affected turkeys had significantly higher levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IFNγ, and iNOS transcripts in the skin, muscle, and spleen tissues compared to healthy birds. Affected turkeys also had a significantly elevated transcription of toll-like receptor (TLR21) gene in the skin and spleen tissues, suggesting a role for this receptor in the immune recognition. The expression of IL-4 and IL-13 genes in the spleen and muscle was also significantly higher in the affected birds. Additional birds from the same affected and healthy farms examined for serology revealed that the CD-affected turkeys had significantly higher levels of serum IgM and IgY antibodies. Furthermore, in vitro stimulation of MQ-NCSU macrophages with C. septicum led to a significant transcriptional upregulation of IL-1β and IFNγ genes, while the IL-10 gene expression was downregulated. The surface expression of MHC-II protein and cellular production of nitric oxide were also significantly increased in the C. septicum-stimulated macrophages, indicating cellular activation. Collectively, our findings suggest that the host responses in CD-affected turkeys involve a robust inflammatory response as well as a response mediated by IL4/IL-13 cytokines that may aid in antibody-mediated immunity.","PeriodicalId":8667,"journal":{"name":"Avian Diseases","volume":"67 1","pages":"80-88"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9412581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Sulfaquinoxaline Toxicosis in a Juvenile Broiler Breeder Flock. 一种肉鸡幼种群磺胺喹啉中毒的研究。

IF 1.4 4区农林科学

Avian Diseases Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-D-22-00093

Richard M Fulton, John P Buchweitz

引用次数: 0

TLR3 and MDA5 Knockout DF-1 cells Enhance Replication of Avian Orthoavulavirus 1. TLR3和MDA5敲除的DF-1细胞增强禽原avulavirus 1的复制

IF 1.4 4区农林科学

Avian Diseases Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-D-22-00065

Chang-Won Lee, Mahesh Kc, John M Ngunjiri, Amir Ghorbani, Kichoon Lee

{"title":"TLR3 and MDA5 Knockout DF-1 cells Enhance Replication of Avian Orthoavulavirus 1.","authors":"Chang-Won Lee, Mahesh Kc, John M Ngunjiri, Amir Ghorbani, Kichoon Lee","doi":"10.1637/aviandiseases-D-22-00065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1637/aviandiseases-D-22-00065","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the essential role of innate immunity in defining the outcome of viral infections, the roles played by different components of the avian innate immune system are poorly delineated. Here, we investigated the potential implication of avian toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 (TLR3) and melanoma differentiation-associated (MDA) gene 5 (MDA5) receptors of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) in induction of the interferon pathway and avian orthoavulavirus 1 (AOAV-1) replication in chicken-origin DF-1 fibroblast cells. TLR3 and MDA5 knockout (KO) DF-1 cells were generated using our avian-specific CRISPR/Cas9 system and stimulated with a synthetic dsRNA ligand polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] or infected with AOAV-1 (previously known as Newcastle disease virus). Poly(I:C) treatment in cell culture media resulted in significant upregulation of interferon (IFN)α, IFNβ, and Mx1 gene expression in wild type (WT) DF-1 cells but not in TLR3-MDA5 double KO cells. Interestingly, poly(I:C) treatment induced rapid cell degeneration in WT and MDA5 KO cells, but not in TLR3 knockout or TRL3-MDA5 double knockout (DKO) cells, directly linking poly(I:C)-induced cell degeneration to TLR3-mediated host response. The double knockout cells supported significantly higher replication of AOAV-1 virus than did the WT cells. However, no correlation between the level of virus replication and type I IFN response was observed. Our study suggests that innate immune response is host- and pathogen specific, and further investigation is needed to understand the relevance of dsRNA receptor-mediated immune responses in viral replication and pathogenesis in avian species.","PeriodicalId":8667,"journal":{"name":"Avian Diseases","volume":"67 1","pages":"94-101"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9412579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Targeted Ablation of Exon 2 of the Avian Leukosis Virus-A (ALV-A) Receptor Gene in a Chicken Fibroblast Cell Line by CRISPR Abrogates ALV-A Infection. 用CRISPR靶向切除鸡成纤维细胞系中禽白血病病毒(ALV-A)受体基因2外显子可消除ALV-A感染。

IF 1.4 4区农林科学

Avian Diseases Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-D-22-00072

Steven J Conrad, Jody K Mays, Cari J Hearn, John R Dunn

{"title":"Targeted Ablation of Exon 2 of the Avian Leukosis Virus-A (ALV-A) Receptor Gene in a Chicken Fibroblast Cell Line by CRISPR Abrogates ALV-A Infection.","authors":"Steven J Conrad, Jody K Mays, Cari J Hearn, John R Dunn","doi":"10.1637/aviandiseases-D-22-00072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1637/aviandiseases-D-22-00072","url":null,"abstract":"The U.S. Department of Agriculture Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory currently relies on live birds of specific genetic backgrounds for producing chicken-embryo fibroblasts that are used for the diagnosis and subtyping of field isolates associated with avian leukosis virus (ALV) outbreaks. As an alternative to maintaining live animals for this purpose, we are currently developing cell lines capable of achieving the same result by ablation of the entry receptors utilized by ALV strains. We used CRISPR-Cas9 on the cell fibroblast-derived cell line DF-1 to disrupt the tva gene, which encodes the receptor required for binding and entry of ALV-A into cells. We ultimately identified seven DF-1 clones that had biallelic and homozygous indels at the Cas9 target site, exon 2 of tva. When tested in vitro for their ability to host ALV-A, the five clones that had frameshift mutations that disrupted the Tva protein were unable to support ALV-A replication. This result clearly demonstrates that modified cell lines can be used as part of a battery of tests to determine ALV subtype for isolate characterization, thus eliminating the need for live birds.","PeriodicalId":8667,"journal":{"name":"Avian Diseases","volume":"67 1","pages":"102-107"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9412575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Susceptibility and Pathogenesis of Eurasian Tree Sparrows Experimentally Inoculated with Velogenic Newcastle Disease Virus. 实验性接种新鸡瘟病毒的欧亚树雀的易感性和发病机制。

IF 1.4 4区农林科学

Avian Diseases Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-D-22-00082

Yu Yamamoto, Miki Ishihara, Aoi Kurokawa, Masaji Mase

{"title":"Susceptibility and Pathogenesis of Eurasian Tree Sparrows Experimentally Inoculated with Velogenic Newcastle Disease Virus.","authors":"Yu Yamamoto, Miki Ishihara, Aoi Kurokawa, Masaji Mase","doi":"10.1637/aviandiseases-D-22-00082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1637/aviandiseases-D-22-00082","url":null,"abstract":"Wild-caught Eurasian tree sparrows (Passer montanus) were experimentally inoculated with genotype VII velogenic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) APMV1/chicken/Japan/Fukuoka-1/2004 to investigate the susceptibility and pathogenesis of infected sparrows. Intranasal inoculation of two groups with high or low doses of the virus resulted in the mortality of some birds in both groups on days 7-15 postinoculation. Neurologic signs, ruffled feathers, labored breathing, emaciation, diarrhea, depression, and ataxia were observed in a few birds that eventually succumbed to death. The inoculation of the higher viral load resulted in higher mortality and hemagglutination inhibition antibody detection rates. Tree sparrows that survived the 18-day observation period after inoculation exhibited no apparent clinical signs. Histologic lesions in dead birds were observed in the nasal mucosa, orbital ganglion, and central nervous system, accompanied by NDV antigens detected by immunohistochemistry. Viral inclusion bodies were rarely observed in the cytoplasm of neurons. NDV was isolated from the oral swab and brain of dead birds but not from other organs, including the lung, heart, muscle, colon, and liver. In another experimental group, tree sparrows were intranasally inoculated with the virus and then examined 1-3 days later to examine the early pathogenesis of the disease. Inoculated birds exhibited inflammation of the nasal mucosa with viral antigens, and virus was isolated from some oral swab samples on days 2 and 3 postinoculation. The results of the present study suggest that tree sparrows are susceptible to velogenic NDV, and the infection could be fatal, although some birds can exhibit asymptomatic or mild infection. The unique pathogenesis regarding the neurologic signs and viral neurotropism of velogenic NDV was characteristic in infected tree sparrows.","PeriodicalId":8667,"journal":{"name":"Avian Diseases","volume":"67 1","pages":"57-64"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9466811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

West Nile Virus-Induced Drop in Egg Production in Commercial Pekin Duck Breeders. 西尼罗病毒导致北京鸭商业种鸭产蛋量下降。

IF 1.4 4区农林科学

Avian Diseases Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-D-22-00044

Mayra F Tsoi, Richard M Fulton

{"title":"West Nile Virus-Induced Drop in Egg Production in Commercial Pekin Duck Breeders.","authors":"Mayra F Tsoi, Richard M Fulton","doi":"10.1637/aviandiseases-D-22-00044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1637/aviandiseases-D-22-00044","url":null,"abstract":"A sudden drop in egg production in commercial poultry flocks can be economically devastating, and rapid identification of the cause often requires a combined effort between the producer, veterinarian, and pathologist. In September 2019, a 35-wk-old commercial Pekin breeder duck flock in Indiana suffered a drop in egg production from 1700 to 1000 eggs daily (41.2% drop). Again, in September 2021, three Pekin breeder duck flocks aged 32, 58, and 62 wk from the same company suffered a similar drop in egg production, with a mild increase in weekly mortality of 1.0% to 2.5%. In 2019 and in 2021, birds from affected flocks were submitted to the Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory at Michigan State University for postmortem examination. Common gross examination findings included flaccid, shrunken, or atrophied ova (all hens), pododermatitis, airsacculitis, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, ascites, and pallor of the left ventricle. Histopathologic examination of cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem revealed mild lymphocytic perivascular cuffing, vasculitis, and gliosis, suggesting viral encephalitis. In the heart, there was mild multifocal cardiomyocyte necrosis, mineralization, and infiltration by lymphocytes and macrophages. PCR for Newcastle disease virus, avian influenza virus, eastern equine encephalitis virus, and West Nile virus (WNV) was performed. Brain and heart samples were positive for WNV by PCR, and WNV antigen was detected in the cerebellum by immunohistochemistry. This is the first report to associate WNV infection with a drop in egg production in waterfowl, which are known to be important reservoir species for WNV and, as such, are generally asymptomatic.","PeriodicalId":8667,"journal":{"name":"Avian Diseases","volume":"67 1","pages":"114-118"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9412576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Self-Assembled Nanoparticles with E Protein Domains I and II of Duck Tembusu Virus Can Induce a More Comprehensive Immune Response Against the Duck Tembusu Virus Challenge. 含有鸭天布苏病毒E蛋白结构域I和II的自组装纳米颗粒可以诱导更全面的免疫应答鸭天布苏病毒的攻击。

IF 1.4 4区农林科学

Avian Diseases Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-D-22-00086

Qu Zhehui, Zhang Xiwen, Guo Xiaoqiu, Li Zhuoyan, Yu Wenjing, Lv Shuoshuo, Zhang Wen, Jiao Fengchao, He Shuhai, Lu Shaofang

{"title":"Self-Assembled Nanoparticles with E Protein Domains I and II of Duck Tembusu Virus Can Induce a More Comprehensive Immune Response Against the Duck Tembusu Virus Challenge.","authors":"Qu Zhehui, Zhang Xiwen, Guo Xiaoqiu, Li Zhuoyan, Yu Wenjing, Lv Shuoshuo, Zhang Wen, Jiao Fengchao, He Shuhai, Lu Shaofang","doi":"10.1637/aviandiseases-D-22-00086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1637/aviandiseases-D-22-00086","url":null,"abstract":"Duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV) is a pathogenic flavivirus that causes a substantial drop in egg production and severe neurological disorders in domestic waterfowl. Self-assembled ferritin nanoparticles with E protein domains I and II (EDI-II) of DTMUV (EDI-II-RFNp) were prepared, and its morphology was observed. Two independent experiments were conducted. First, Cherry Valley ducks aged 14 days were vaccinated with EDI-II-RFNp, EDI-II, and phosphate buffered solution (PBS, pH 7.4), and special and virus neutralization (VN) antibodies, interleukin 4 (IL-4) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) in serum, and lymphocyte proliferation were detected. Second, the vaccinated ducks with EDI-II-RFNp, EDI-II, and PBS were injected with virulent DTMUV, clinical signs at 7 days postinfection (dpi) were observed, and mRNA levels of DTMUV in the lungs, liver, and brain at 7 and 14 dpi were detected. The results showed near-spherical nanoparticles EDI-II-RFNp with a 16.46 ± 4.70 nm diameters. The levels of specific and VN antibodies, IL-4 and IFN-γ, and lymphocyte proliferation in the EDI-II-RFNp group were significantly higher than those in the EDI-II and PBS groups. In the DTMUV challenge test, clinical signs and mRNA levels in tissue were used to evaluate protection of EDI-II-RFNp. EDI-II-RFNp-vaccinated ducks showed milder clinical signs and lower levels of DTMUV RNA in the lungs, liver, and brain. These results indicate that EDI-II-RFNp effectively protects ducks against the DTMUV challenge and could be a vaccine candidate to provide an effective and safe method for preventing and controlling DTMUV infection.","PeriodicalId":8667,"journal":{"name":"Avian Diseases","volume":"67 1","pages":"49-56"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9416837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Are Purple Finches (Haemorhous purpureus) the Next Host for a Mycoplasmal Conjunctivitis Epidemic? 紫翅雀(Haemorhous purpureus)是支原体结膜炎流行的下一个宿主?

IF 1.4 4区农林科学

Avian Diseases Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-D-22-00047

María Teresa Reinoso-Pérez, Keila V Dhondt, Alexander A Levitskiy, Gates Dupont, Edan R Tulman, Steven J Geary, André A Dhondt

{"title":"Are Purple Finches (Haemorhous purpureus) the Next Host for a Mycoplasmal Conjunctivitis Epidemic?","authors":"María Teresa Reinoso-Pérez, Keila V Dhondt, Alexander A Levitskiy, Gates Dupont, Edan R Tulman, Steven J Geary, André A Dhondt","doi":"10.1637/aviandiseases-D-22-00047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1637/aviandiseases-D-22-00047","url":null,"abstract":"Ever since 1994, when the bacterial pathogen Mycoplasma gallisepticum jumped from poultry to wild birds, it has been assumed that the primary host species of this pathogen in wild North American birds was the house finch (Haemorhous mexicanus), in which disease prevalence was higher than in any other bird species. Here we tested two hypotheses to explain a recent increase in disease prevalence in purple finches (Haemorhous purpureus) around Ithaca, New York. Hypothesis 1 is that, as M. gallisepticum evolved and became more virulent, it has also become better adapted to other finches. If this is correct, early isolates of M. gallisepticum should cause less-severe eye lesions in purple finches than in house finches, while more-recent isolates should cause eye lesions of similar severity in the two species. Hypothesis 2 is that, as house finch abundance declined following the M. gallisepticum epidemic, purple finches around Ithaca increased in abundance relative to house finches and purple finches are thus more frequently exposed to M. gallisepticum-infected house finches. This would then lead to an increase in M. gallisepticum prevalence in purple finches. Following an experimental infection with an early and a more-recent M. gallisepticum isolate, eye lesions in purple finches were more severe than in house finches. This did not a support Hypothesis 1; similarly, an analysis of Project Feeder Watch data collected around Ithaca did not show differences in changes in purple and house finches' abundance since 2006, a result which does not support Hypothesis 2. We conclude that purple finch populations will, unlike those of house finches, not suffer a severe decline because of a M. gallisepticum epidemic.","PeriodicalId":8667,"journal":{"name":"Avian Diseases","volume":"67 1","pages":"42-48"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9466813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0