Are Purple Finches (Haemorhous purpureus) the Next Host for a Mycoplasmal Conjunctivitis Epidemic?

IF 1.3 4区 农林科学 Q2 VETERINARY SCIENCES
María Teresa Reinoso-Pérez, Keila V Dhondt, Alexander A Levitskiy, Gates Dupont, Edan R Tulman, Steven J Geary, André A Dhondt
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Abstract

Ever since 1994, when the bacterial pathogen Mycoplasma gallisepticum jumped from poultry to wild birds, it has been assumed that the primary host species of this pathogen in wild North American birds was the house finch (Haemorhous mexicanus), in which disease prevalence was higher than in any other bird species. Here we tested two hypotheses to explain a recent increase in disease prevalence in purple finches (Haemorhous purpureus) around Ithaca, New York. Hypothesis 1 is that, as M. gallisepticum evolved and became more virulent, it has also become better adapted to other finches. If this is correct, early isolates of M. gallisepticum should cause less-severe eye lesions in purple finches than in house finches, while more-recent isolates should cause eye lesions of similar severity in the two species. Hypothesis 2 is that, as house finch abundance declined following the M. gallisepticum epidemic, purple finches around Ithaca increased in abundance relative to house finches and purple finches are thus more frequently exposed to M. gallisepticum-infected house finches. This would then lead to an increase in M. gallisepticum prevalence in purple finches. Following an experimental infection with an early and a more-recent M. gallisepticum isolate, eye lesions in purple finches were more severe than in house finches. This did not a support Hypothesis 1; similarly, an analysis of Project Feeder Watch data collected around Ithaca did not show differences in changes in purple and house finches' abundance since 2006, a result which does not support Hypothesis 2. We conclude that purple finch populations will, unlike those of house finches, not suffer a severe decline because of a M. gallisepticum epidemic.

紫翅雀(Haemorhous purpureus)是支原体结膜炎流行的下一个宿主?
自从1994年鸡败支原体(Mycoplasma gallisepticum)从家禽传播到野生鸟类以来,人们一直认为这种病原体在北美野生鸟类中的主要宿主物种是家雀(Haemorhous mexicanus),其发病率高于任何其他鸟类。在这里,我们测试了两个假设来解释最近在纽约伊萨卡附近紫色雀(Haemorhous purpureus)疾病患病率的增加。假设1是,随着鸡分枝杆菌的进化和毒性的增强,它也更好地适应了其他雀类。如果这是正确的,那么早期分离的鸡分枝杆菌在紫雀中造成的眼睛损伤应该比在家雀中造成的要轻,而最近分离的紫雀和家雀造成的眼睛损伤的严重程度应该相似。假设2是,由于家雀的丰度在红腹支原体流行后下降,伊萨卡岛周围的紫翅雀的丰度相对于家雀增加,因此紫翅雀更频繁地接触到感染红腹支原体的家雀。这将导致紫雀中鸡毒杆菌患病率的增加。在实验感染早期和最近的鸡脓毒杆菌分离物后,紫色雀的眼睛病变比家雀更严重。这并不支持假设1;同样,对伊萨卡岛周围收集的“喂食器观察项目”数据的分析显示,自2006年以来,紫雀和家雀的丰度变化并没有出现差异,这一结果不支持假设2。我们的结论是,与家雀不同,紫翅雀的种群数量不会因为鸡芽孢杆菌的流行而严重下降。
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来源期刊
Avian Diseases
Avian Diseases 农林科学-兽医学
CiteScore
2.40
自引率
7.10%
发文量
80
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Avian Diseases is an international journal dedicated to publishing original basic or clinical research of the highest quality from various disciplines including microbiology, immunology, pathology and epidemiology. Papers on avian diseases relevant to etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and control are accepted. Manuscripts dealing with avian species other than poultry will be considered only if the subject is relevant to poultry health.
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