{"title":"Constraining hydrodynamic model of nearby type IIP SN 2023ixf","authors":"V. P. Utrobin, N. N. Chugai","doi":"10.1007/s10509-026-04619-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10509-026-04619-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Despite proximity of SN 2023ixf and a wealth of observational data, the released hydrodynamic models leave too broad range of the derived explosion energy and the ejected mass. We revisit the hydrodynamic modeling based on a broader set of observables than have been previously used. Among those of top priority is the early maximum ejecta velocity that is crucial in removing parameter degeneracy. The inferred parameters of SN 2023ixf are the explosion energy of <span>(2.8times 10^{51})</span> erg, ejecta mass of 13.2 <span>(M_{odot })</span>, presupernova radius of 1540 <span>(R_{odot })</span>, and <sup>56</sup>Ni mass of 0.07 <span>(M_{odot })</span>. The circumstellar matter is composed by the dense circumstellar shell with the mass of 0.01 <span>(M_{odot })</span> and radius of <span>(5times 10^{14}text{ cm})</span>, as well as the external rarefied wind. Both circumstellar components are consistent with the early H<span>(alpha )</span> broad wings caused by the Thomson scattering and the intrinsic column density provided by X-ray data. Based on the radiation hydrodynamics we, for the first time, simulate the SN 2023ixf phenomenon from the explosion to the emergence of the hard X-ray radiation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8644,"journal":{"name":"Astrophysics and Space Science","volume":"371 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148751808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The two-stream instability generation around Moon: effect of interplanetary magnetic field during solar wind - lunar plasma interaction","authors":"Vipin K. Yadav, Abhinav Singh, Rajneesh Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s10509-026-04620-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10509-026-04620-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The relative motion of two interpenetrating streams of charged particles usually leads to the generation of two-stream instability (TSI) and eventually result in the onset of non-linear plasma processes such as the turbulence or the plasma waves. A natural example of such an event is the solar wind interaction with the lunar electron plasma where the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is embedded within the solar wind. The inclusion of IMF in the solar wind – lunar plasma interaction modifies the dispersion relation of the TSI and an angular cyclotron frequency term appears in the denominator of the leading term and hence leads to the change in the parameters such as the instability growth rate as now it depends on the solar wind electron velocity, solar wind and the lunar electron plasma density, and the IMF magnitude. It is observed that the growth rate increases fast with the increase in the magnetic field initially but the increase slows down on further increasing the magnetic field thereby smoothening the top. From the particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations, it is observed that during the solar wind IMF interaction with lunar plasma, the non-energetic background electrons make a shield around the solar wind electrons in the vortices formed. It is further observed that those lunar electrons which are not participating either in the vortices formation or in the shielding of solar wind electrons, start moving in the direction of the incoming solar wind. These observations indicate this interaction is capable in getting converted into a non-linear physical process in the lunar plasma environment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8644,"journal":{"name":"Astrophysics and Space Science","volume":"371 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148751807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fatemeh Azizi, Mohammad Taghi Mirtorabi, Zahra Mohammadian
{"title":"The B-index as a diagnostic of cool stars: assessing metallicity dependence of TiO absorption in the visible spectrum","authors":"Fatemeh Azizi, Mohammad Taghi Mirtorabi, Zahra Mohammadian","doi":"10.1007/s10509-026-04621-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10509-026-04621-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Molecular absorption features constitute essential diagnostics of late-type stellar atmospheres, with titanium oxide (TiO) bands serving as sensitive tracers of effective temperature and magnetic activity. While near-infrared TiO indices are well established, visible-band diagnostics provide complementary constraints for stellar classification and parameter estimation. This study investigates the metallicity dependence of the B-index, a TiO absorption measure centered at 567 nm, through synthetic spectra generated with ATLAS9 and high-resolution observations from the HARPS spectrograph. The synthetic grid spans effective temperatures between 3500–4000 K and metallicities from <span>(mbox{[Fe/H]} = -4)</span> to +0.2, while the observational sample comprises 23 MK spectral types stars with effective temperatures between 3500–4000 K. Both theoretical and empirical analyses demonstrate that the B-index exhibits negligible sensitivity to stellar metallicity, with only marginal correlations detected. Therefore, there is no requirement to include this feature in the calculation of the B-index. The B-index’s low sensitivity to metallicity reinforces its utility as an effective tool for spectral classification, stellar atmosphere modeling, and the study of magnetically active stars.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8644,"journal":{"name":"Astrophysics and Space Science","volume":"371 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148751804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniel Majaess, Dante Minniti, Matias Gomez, Roberto K. Saito, Maria G. Navarro
{"title":"Ultracool and brown dwarf candidates identified via CatWISE-2MASS-Gaia DR3","authors":"Daniel Majaess, Dante Minniti, Matias Gomez, Roberto K. Saito, Maria G. Navarro","doi":"10.1007/s10509-026-04616-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10509-026-04616-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ultracool and brown dwarf candidates (<span>(d_{odot }lesssim 125)</span> pc, <span>(|b|>8^{circ })</span>) were identified via multiband and astrometric data from CatWISE (<span>(W_{1}W_{2})</span>), 2MASS (<span>(JHK_{s})</span>), and Gaia DR3 (<span>(G)</span>, <span>(G_{RP})</span>, <span>(pi )</span>, <span>(mu _{alpha })</span>, <span>(mu _{delta })</span>). <span>(Napprox 11.8 times 10^{3})</span> candidates emerged once simultaneously constrained by color and absolute magnitude criteria (e.g., <span>(G-W_{2} ge 1.75(G-J)-2.25)</span>), whereby <span>(simeq 350)</span> sources are absent from the Gaia Ultracool Dwarf (UCD) catalog. Spectral types were approximated using a hybrid <span>(M_{G}-M_{W_{1}})</span> sigmoid that offers additional temperature coverage in certain cases. Subsequent efforts may focus on extending sampling to the deeper NIR VVVX footprint that partly encompasses the Galactic plane, and over the long-term spectroscopically (in)validating candidates missing from the Gaia UCD database.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8644,"journal":{"name":"Astrophysics and Space Science","volume":"371 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148751168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A viable dynamic dark energy model with parametrized equation of state","authors":"C. Sivakumar, A. Abirami, C. Athuldev","doi":"10.1007/s10509-026-04615-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10509-026-04615-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A novel and analytically simplifiable parametrization for the equation of state (EoS) of the dark energy, which elegantly captures the universe’s transition from a decelerated matter-dominated era (<span>(omega approx 0)</span> at high redshift) to the current phase of accelerated expansion (<span>(omega rightarrow -1)</span> as <span>(zrightarrow 0)</span>) is introduced. The primary focus lies in a comprehensive theoretical formulation of this model within the standard Friedmann framework, deriving key cosmological parameters and exploring the model’s behaviour across cosmic history. This parametrization provides a smooth and physically consistent evolution of the EoS, naturally reproducing the observed transition from deceleration to acceleration around <span>(zapprox 0.5)</span>, without invoking exotic fields or higher-order corrections. In contrast to conventional parametrized dark energy models such as Chevallier-Polarski-Linder (CPL), Jassal-Bagla-Padmanabhan (JBP), and Barboza-Alcaniz (BA) expansions, the present model stands out for its simplicity, stability, and freedom from divergences across the full redshift range. Using observed Hubble data, best fit values of model parameters are obtained and are consistent with current cosmological parameter values. The state-finder diagnostics and a phase space analysis well support the dynamic dark energy parametrization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8644,"journal":{"name":"Astrophysics and Space Science","volume":"371 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148751128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chemical evolution of galaxies: past, present and future","authors":"Francesca Matteucci","doi":"10.1007/s10509-026-04614-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10509-026-04614-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper I will describe the basic principles of chemical evolution of galaxies, its main ingredients and uncertainties. By means of chemical evolution we can perform the so-called galactic archaeology, which consists in reconstructing the history of star formation of galaxies and in particular of the Milky Way, starting from the observed stellar and gas abundances. Galactic archaeology is a powerful tool to predict also the behavior of galaxies at high redshift. In particular, we adopt the “time-delay model” which is a way of interpreting the [X/Fe] vs. [Fe/H] relations (X is the abundance of a specific chemical element) in terms of different timescales of the stellar progenitors of the chemical elements relative to Fe, which is the indicator of “metallicity”. I will then describe how we can reconstruct the star formation histories of galaxies of different morphological type (spirals, ellipticals) starting from the available observations. Particular attention will be paid to the study of the Milky Way which is the best studied galaxy at the moment. I will start describing the first chemical evolution models and then the most recent ones, the main difference between the old and new models being the observational data to compare with. Finally, I will foresee which could be the future improvements to chemical models and what constraints can we derive to better understand galaxy evolution.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8644,"journal":{"name":"Astrophysics and Space Science","volume":"371 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10509-026-04614-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148695322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohit Thakre, Praveen Kumar Dhankar, Albert Munyeshyaka, Safiqul Islam
{"title":"Cosmological dynamics of (f(R,G)) gravity with dark sector coupling and observational analysis","authors":"Mohit Thakre, Praveen Kumar Dhankar, Albert Munyeshyaka, Safiqul Islam","doi":"10.1007/s10509-026-04613-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10509-026-04613-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, we investigate the field equations of modified Gauss–Bonnet gravity, namely <span>(f(R,G))</span> gravity, within the framework of a flat Friedmann–Robertson–Walker (FRW) spacetime. By adopting a dynamical systems approach, we analyze cosmological evolution and determine the corresponding fixed points for a specific functional form of the model, <span>(f(R,G)=f_{0} R^{alpha }G^{beta })</span>, which couples the Ricci scalar and the Gauss–Bonnet invariant. Using fixed points, we have constructed the <span>(H(z))</span> model. Also, with the help of Bayesian statistics, specifically the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) mechanism was employed to constrain the parameters of the proposed model using observational datasets such as Hubble, Pantheon, DESI BAO and RSD datasets.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8644,"journal":{"name":"Astrophysics and Space Science","volume":"371 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148614992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Distance estimates to five bok globules using Gaia DR3 parallaxes and near-infrared photometry: validation with 3D dust maps","authors":"Rajat Subhra Paul, Himadri Sekhar Das","doi":"10.1007/s10509-026-04608-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10509-026-04608-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Accurate distances to small, opaque Bok globules are difficult to obtain due to their compact sizes and lack of embedded standard candles. We estimate distances to five globules—CB4, CB24, CB56, CB60, and CB188—using a near-infrared (NIR) extinction technique applied to 2MASS photometry, combined with stellar distances from <i>Gaia</i> DR3 parallaxes. Extinction–distance profiles reveal distinct rises marking each cloud, yielding median distances of 766 pc (CB4), 354 pc (CB24), 483 pc (CB56), 1143 pc (CB60), and 926 pc (CB188). Weighted-mean values agree within <span>(8.0%)</span>, supporting the internal consistency of the method and interquartile-range-based uncertainties span 3–9% across the sample. Independent validation with Bayestar19 3D dust maps supports the CB4 and CB188 results. These refined distances provide an improved basis for future determinations of cloud masses, densities, and star-formation efficiencies, including the first robust measurement for CB56 and a revised upward distance for CB188.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8644,"journal":{"name":"Astrophysics and Space Science","volume":"371 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148614790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Observational implications of varying-(G) in nonlinear electrodynamics cosmology","authors":"Sajal Mandal, Rakesh Raushan, Raghavendra Chaubey","doi":"10.1007/s10509-026-04612-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10509-026-04612-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates a cosmological model driven by nonlinear electrodynamics (NLE) with a varying gravitational constant <span>(G)</span>. The aim is to explore the current accelerated evolution of the universe influenced by a magnetic field within this NLE-driven framework. A homogeneous and isotropic cosmological model with flat spatial sections is considered. NLE fields with varying <span>(G)</span> are treated as the source of gravitation. Model parameters are constrained using the Cosmic chronometer data and Pantheon sample of SNeIa data with Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) techniques. The classical stability of the model is assessed. The model’s parameters are constrained to the best-fit values. The behavior of the deceleration parameter, equation of state, energy density, and pressure is analyzed. Various cosmological diagnostic tools, including the Om diagnostic and energy-condition analysis, are employed to examine the properties of the dark energy component and the dynamical evolution of the Universe. The varying gravitational constant is found to have very small values at the present cosmic time.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8644,"journal":{"name":"Astrophysics and Space Science","volume":"371 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148614791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prospects and challenges in developing the next generation astronomical sub-millimetre and terahertz heterodyne receivers","authors":"Boon-Kok Tan","doi":"10.1007/s10509-026-04605-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10509-026-04605-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The development of next-generation astronomical receivers operating at millimetre (mm), sub-mm, and terahertz frequencies is essential to meet the increasing demand for wide-field, high-spectral-resolution observations. In this work, we examine the prospects and challenges associated with advancing heterodyne receiver technologies, with particular emphasis on superconductor–insulator–superconductor (SIS) mixers. We present a series of technological pathways aimed at enhancing receiver performance, including ultra-broadband RF and IF SIS mixer designs, compact sideband-separating (2SB) architectures enabled by planar superconducting circuit integration, and scalable focal plane array (FPA) concepts capable of supporting hundreds to thousands of pixels. These developments are motivated by the need to significantly improve mapping speed and survey efficiency for future facilities such as ALMA upgrades, AtLAST, LST, and next-generation space missions. Another key contribution of this work is the introduction of simultaneous observing multi-band receivers (SOMBRs), which enable concurrent multi-band 2SB observations through minimal additional hardware by reconfiguring conventional receiver architectures. This approach allows continuous spectral coverage while preserving phase information required for interferometric applications. We discuss the principal challenges in realising these systems, including bandwidth optimisation, impedance matching, local oscillator distribution, and scaling to large-format arrays. Overall, this work outlines a viable pathway towards highly integrated, ultra-broadband, and scalable heterodyne receiver systems, which are expected to play a critical role in enabling the next generation of astronomical discoveries.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8644,"journal":{"name":"Astrophysics and Space Science","volume":"371 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10509-026-04605-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148614789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}