Australasian Plant Pathology最新文献

{"title":"Laboratory evaluation of enhanced biocontrol efficacy of Bacillus atrophaeus SF9 via fermentation optimization against Bauhinia blakeana leaf spot disease caused by Colletotrichum endophyticum","authors":"ShuYing Li,&nbsp;LiWei Liang,&nbsp;ShuJiang Li,&nbsp;Shan Han,&nbsp;TianHui Zhu,&nbsp;TianMin Qiao","doi":"10.1007/s13313-026-01179-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13313-026-01179-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As an important ornamental tree species, <i>Bauhinia blakeana</i> is susceptible to leaf spot disease caused by <i>Colletotrichum endophyticum</i>. This study aimed to screen for biocontrol strains with high antagonistic activity against this pathogen. Through isolation and identification, <i>Bacillus atrophaeus</i> strain SF9 was found to exhibit significant inhibitory effects on <i>C</i>. <i>endophyticum</i>. To enhance its biocontrol efficacy, fermentation conditions were systematically optimized. Under the optimized parameters 2% (v/v) seed liquid inoculation volume, 100 mL of Luria-Bertani (LB) broth in a 250 mL conical flask, 30 °C, initial pH 6.4, and 200 rpm, the sterile fermentation broth of SF9 achieved an average antifungal rate of 76.60% (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) against the pathogen, with a marked retardation of mycelial growth observed on PDA plates while dilutions ranging from 100- to 500-fold maintained control efficacies above 70% (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Biologically, this work demonstrates that <i>B</i>. <i>atrophaeus</i> SF9 is a promising candidate for eco-friendly management of <i>B. blakeana</i> leaf spot disease, offering an alternative to chemical fungicides. The optimized fermentation process provides a practical basis for developing microbial biocontrol agents. Moreover, our findings contribute to the understanding of <i>Bacillus</i>–<i>Colletotrichum</i> interactions and support the sustainable control of anthracnose diseases in ornamental plants.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8598,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Plant Pathology","volume":"55 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148751873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid assessment of early-stage herbicide-rust compatibility to support integrated management of Cryptostegia grandiflora","authors":"Bruna D Batista,&nbsp;Luke W Guddat,&nbsp;Craig M Williams,&nbsp;Michelle A Rafter","doi":"10.1007/s13313-026-01180-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13313-026-01180-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Cryptostegia grandiflora</i> (rubber vine) is an invasive weed in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide and is listed as a Weed of National Significance in Australia. The rust <i>Maravalia cryptostegiae</i>, deliberately introduced to Australia as a biocontrol agent, contributes to long-term suppression, but does not provide complete control, making herbicide intervention necessary in many land-use contexts. For integrated weed management (IWM) to be effective, chemical and biological controls must complement rather than conflict, yet herbicide-rust compatibility has rarely been quantified. We developed a 14-day laboratory workflow to assess compatibility by combining in vitro spore germination and detached-leaf infection assays with image-based analysis. Treatments included metsulfuron-methyl (MM), a recommended foliar herbicide for rubber vine, and a novel herbistatic analogue (COT-MM). Both the herbicide and the herbistatic analogue reduced spore germination and leaf infection relative to the blank, but neither differed from the surfactant, indicating strong adjuvant-mediated inhibition. No detectable difference between MM and COT-MM was demonstrated. This rapid workflow detected early antagonism between foliar herbicide formulations and <i>M. cryptostegiae</i> and identified the adjuvant as a major contributor. Integrating such assays into herbicide discovery and management planning will help ensure that chemical and biological tactics reinforce one another, supporting more sustainable IWM of invasive weeds.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8598,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Plant Pathology","volume":"55 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13313-026-01180-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148752146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of Colletotrichum siamense and Colletotrichum queenslandicum causing anthracnose on Struthanthus syringifolius in Brazil","authors":"Emanuelle Almeida da Costa Santos,&nbsp;Larisse Araújo de Abreu,&nbsp;Mayra Machado de Medeiros Ferro,&nbsp;Kevison Romulo da Silva França,&nbsp;Frederico Monteiro Feijó,&nbsp;Sarah Jacqueline Cavalcanti da Silva,&nbsp;Iraildes Pereira Assunção,&nbsp;Gaus Silvestre de Andrade Lima","doi":"10.1007/s13313-026-01178-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13313-026-01178-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8598,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Plant Pathology","volume":"55 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13313-026-01178-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148750649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biocontrol of plant diseases from a holobiont perspective: microbiome-mediated mechanisms and applications","authors":"Biju Vadakkemukadiyil Chellappan","doi":"10.1007/s13313-026-01177-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13313-026-01177-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Plant disease resistance is increasingly recognized as an emergent property of the plant holobiont, shaped not only by host genotype and pathogen virulence but also by the composition and function of associated microbial communities. The plant holobiont provides a framework for understanding how microbiome assembly across compartments, including the rhizosphere, phyllosphere, endosphere, and seeds, influences plant health and disease outcomes. Current evidence shows that disease-modulating microbiomes are structured by ecological filters such as host genotype, root exudation, environmental conditions, and transmission processes. These microbial communities contribute to disease suppression through direct pathogen inhibition, microbiome-modulated immunity and induced systemic resistance, recruitment of protective microbiota, and community-level suppression in disease-suppressive soils. Translational opportunities arising from this framework include microbiome-informed disease management, synthetic communities, microbiome engineering, endophyte deployment, microbiome transplantation, and microbiome-assisted breeding. Despite this promise, practical application remains constrained by context dependence, incomplete mechanistic resolution, and limited field validation. The holobiont perspective offers a more ecologically realistic framework for developing durable and sustainable crop protection strategies. Progress in this area will depend on integrating ecological theory, multi-omics approaches, and field-based validation to translate plant holobiont research into robust disease management applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8598,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Plant Pathology","volume":"55 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148628668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of Pratylenchus coffeae on rose (Rosa spp.) in Vietnam, with morphological and molecular confirmation","authors":"Thi Duyen Nguyen,&nbsp;Thi Mai Linh Le,&nbsp;Manh Ha Nguyen,&nbsp;Luu Thu Thuy Hoang,&nbsp;Quang Phap Trinh","doi":"10.1007/s13313-026-01174-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13313-026-01174-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Roses (<i>Rosa</i> spp.) are economically important ornamental plants in Vietnam and are susceptible to a range of soil-borne pathogens, including plant-parasitic nematodes. During a survey of rose-growing areas in Vinh Phuc Province, root-lesion nematodes were detected on rose plants exhibiting reduced vigor, mild chlorosis, stunted growth, and necrotic lesions on feeder roots. <i>Pratylenchus coffeae</i> was detected in 25% of the collected samples, with mean population densities of 16 individuals per 250 g of soil and 45 individuals per 5 g of roots. Morphological and morphometric characteristics of the recovered population were consistent with <i>Pratylenchus coffeae,</i> including a slightly offset lip region with two annuli, a robust stylet with rounded basal knobs, a lateral field with four incisures, a large spermatheca usually filled with sperm, and a short subcylindrical tail with a smooth to crenate terminus. Molecular analyses based on the D2–D3 expansion segments of 28S rDNA, ITS rDNA, and COI mtDNA confirmed species identity, showing 99.0–100% similarity with reference sequences in GenBank database. Phylogenetic and haplotype network analyses consistently placed the Vietnamese population within a well-supported <i>P. coffeae</i> clade, with low genetic variation and no clear geographic structuring. This study represents the first report of <i>P. coffeae</i> associated with rose in Vietnam, expanding the known host range of this species in the country.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8598,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Plant Pathology","volume":"55 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148615059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the efficacy of soil and foliar application of systemic and translaminar pesticides against Meloidogyne incognita","authors":"İbrahim Mıstanoğlu,&nbsp;Gülsüm Uysal,&nbsp;Tevfik Özalp,&nbsp;Zübeyir Devran","doi":"10.1007/s13313-026-01175-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13313-026-01175-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Root-knot nematodes (RKNs-<i>Meloidogyne</i> spp.) are among the most significant plant-parasitic nematode genera, causing substantial yield losses in vegetable production. Chemical control remains a primary management option due to its rapid effect and ease of application. However, environmental and human health concerns necessitate more strategic use of pesticides, including integration of compounds already registered for other pests or diseases. This study evaluated the nematicidal efficacy of five systemic or translaminar pesticides—<i>abamectin</i>, <i>emamectin benzoate</i>, <i>spirotetramat</i>, <i>spinosad</i>, and <i>fluopyram</i>—currently used for various disease and pest control in tomato production, when applied via foliar and soil routes against <i>Meloidogyne incognita</i>. Soil applications of <i>fluopyram</i> achieved greatest efficacy, reducing gall formation by 98.4% and egg mass production by 99.2% compared to controls. Notably, foliar applications of <i>fluopyram</i>—not previously reported for nematode management—also provided some suppression (33.2% and 36.0% reductions in galls and egg masses, respectively). <i>Spirotetramat</i> demonstrated specific selectivity, permitting gall formation but achieving substantial egg mass suppression via both soil (98.4%) and foliar (23.9%) applications, effectively breaking the reproductive cycle. Soil-applied <i>abamectin</i> and <i>emamectin benzoate</i> showed moderate efficacy (70.6% and 41.5% gall reduction, respectively), while foliar applications and all <i>spinosad</i> treatments were ineffective. These controlled climate chamber findings suggest that <i>fluopyram</i> and <i>spirotetramat</i>, already integrated into tomato production programs for fungal and insect pest management, may provide supplementary nematode control without additional applications. However, given the inherent limitations of this controlled-environment study (e.g., small pots and sterilized soil), field validation is necessary before recommending these strategies in practice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8598,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Plant Pathology","volume":"55 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148615053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of Sagittaria virus A in Sagittaria subulata in New Zealand","authors":"Paul L. Guy","doi":"10.1007/s13313-026-01176-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13313-026-01176-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sagittaria virus A (SgVA) is reported for the first time in <i>Sagittaria subulata</i> in aquarium stock in New Zealand. The potyvirus monoclonal antibody PTY-1 and RT-PCR with published SgVA primers detected the virus in four of four vegetatively propagated samples from the national supplier. The virus was not detected in water surrounding the plants nor in seven monocotyledonous or two dicotyledonous plant species used in host range studies. SgVA sequences include motifs necessary for aphid transmission and therefore aphid transmission may occur in wetland habitats. </p></div>","PeriodicalId":8598,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Plant Pathology","volume":"55 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13313-026-01176-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148614502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A mycelium-associated Pseudomonas strain from Pythium aphanidermatum, deleterious to tomato plants, and exhibiting metalaxyl degradation potential","authors":"Khulood Khalid Al-Ruqashi,&nbsp;Fatma Al-Makhmari,&nbsp;Waad Al-Harthi,&nbsp;Ahmed Al-Ghafri,&nbsp;Issa Hashil Al-Mahmooli,&nbsp;Jamal Al-Sabahi,&nbsp;Daniel Menezes-Blackburn,&nbsp;Abdullah Mohammed Al-Sadi,&nbsp;Rethinasamy Velazhahan","doi":"10.1007/s13313-026-01173-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13313-026-01173-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Endofungal and endohyphal bacteria live inside fungal vegetative or reproductive structures, whereas mycelium-associated bacteria may include bacteria attached to or residing within fungal mycelia. These bacteria can protect fungal hosts from mycophagous organisms and influence fungal interactions with plants. In this study, mycelium-associated bacteria (MAB) were recovered from the mycelium of <i>Pythium aphanidermatum</i>, which causes damping-off disease in several vegetable crops, including cucumber, tomato, and cabbage. Four bacterial strains, designated as PyEB1, PyEB2, PyEB3, and PyEB4, were isolated from <i>Py. aphanidermatum</i> mycelium. Based on 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences, these MAB isolates were assigned to <i>Pseudomonas</i>, with closest GenBank matches to <i>P. yamanorum</i> (PyEB1), <i>P. brenneri</i> (PyEB2), and <i>P. gessardii</i> (PyEB3 and PyEB4). The cell-free culture supernatant of <i>Pseudomonas</i> sp. PyEB1 induced wilting in tomato seedlings under in vitro conditions, while soil inoculation with the bacterium caused visible chlorosis and stunting. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis tentatively identified Advastab 405, by library matching, as the predominant component in the hexane extract of the culture supernatant of <i>Pseudomonas</i> sp. PyEB1. Live cultures of PyEB1 reduced recoverable metalaxyl in liquid medium by up to 79.7%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of metalaxyl degradation potential by MAB derived from <i>Py. aphanidermatum</i>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8598,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Plant Pathology","volume":"55 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148613675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and molecular characterization of a novel Betacytorhabdovirus detected in citrus trees affected by quick decline in Southern Iran","authors":"Ali Abbasi,&nbsp;Abozar Ghorbani,&nbsp;Mahsa Rostami,&nbsp;Laleh Ilkhan","doi":"10.1007/s13313-026-01172-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13313-026-01172-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Citrus quick decline (CQD) is an emerging disorder threatening citrus orchards in southern Iran. The disease causes rapid wilting, leaf desiccation, and death of trees within weeks, leading to significant yield losses. Despite extensive surveys, no known pathogen had been consistently associated with this syndrome. Using next-generation sequencing (NGS), a novel betacytorhabdovirus, tentatively named citrus quick decline-associated virus (CQDaV), was identified in citrus trees showing decline symptoms in Kerman Province. The viral genome displayed the canonical betacytorhabdovirus genome organization (3′-N-P-P3-M-G-L-5′). Phylogenetic analysis based on the complete L protein sequence placed the virus within the genus <i>Betacytorhabdovirus</i>, with Glycyrrhiza betacytorhabdovirus 1 as its closest recognized relative. The presence of CQDaV was confirmed by reverse transcription quantitative PCR in some symptomatic trees but was absent in healthy controls. This study reports the molecular characterization of a novel betacytorhabdovirus infecting citrus, which was found to be associated with symptomatic trees showing rapid decline in southern Iran.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8598,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Plant Pathology","volume":"55 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148613962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a qPCR assay for the rapid detection of the avocado scab fungus Elsinoe perseae","authors":"Nga T. Tran,&nbsp;Louisamarie E. Parkinson,&nbsp;Lara-Simone Pretorius,&nbsp;Romina Gazis,&nbsp;Lederson Gañán-Betancur,&nbsp;Samuel Garty,&nbsp;Andrew D. W. Geering","doi":"10.1007/s13313-026-01169-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13313-026-01169-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Elsinoe perseae</i>, the causal agent of avocado scab disease, is a high-priority biosecurity threat to the Australian avocado industry. Symptom-based diagnosis is unreliable, and morphological identification is hindered by the slow growth of <i>Elsinoe</i> species on artificial media and the absence of a sexual reproductive stage in the field and in axenic culture. Consequently, a rapid and reliable molecular diagnostic tool capable of detecting the pathogen directly from infected fruit or leaf tissue is essential. In this study, we developed a quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay targeting two genomic regions: the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) region of the rDNA and the RNA polymerase II subunit B (<i>rpb2</i>) gene. The assay can be applied in either singleplex or duplex formats. Both the ITS- and <i>rpb2</i>-targeted assays consistently detected <i>E. perseae</i> DNA from pure cultures. However, detection in infected avocado leaf and fruit tissues was primarily driven by the ITS assay, whereas the <i>rpb2</i> assay exhibited reduced sensitivity, likely reflecting differences in copy number between multicopy rDNA regions and the single-copy <i>rpb2</i> gene. No cross-reactivity was observed against other <i>Elsinoe</i> species or common fungal pathogens of avocado. High analytical sensitivity was achieved, with reliable detection of both targets at concentrations of 10³ copies/µL of synthetic gBlocks dsDNA and 0.1 ng/µL of genomic DNA, using a conservative threshold of Ct ≤ 30. Assay performance was unaffected by minor variations in qPCR reagents and instrument platforms. This assay provides a rapid, sensitive, and highly specific diagnostic tool for biosecurity applications, supporting accurate detection, surveillance, and early response to potential incursions of <i>E. perseae.</i></p></div>","PeriodicalId":8598,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Plant Pathology","volume":"55 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13313-026-01169-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148466084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}