Australasian Plant Pathology最新文献

{"title":"De novo long-read assembly and annotation for genomes of two cotton-associated Fusarium oxysporum isolates","authors":"Donald M. Gardiner,&nbsp;Elizabeth A. B. Aitken,&nbsp;Peter van Dam,&nbsp;Duy P. Le,&nbsp;Linda J. Smith,&nbsp;Andrew Chen","doi":"10.1007/s13313-025-01057-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13313-025-01057-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fusarium wilt of cotton is a major production constraint worldwide caused by <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>vasinfectum</i>. Strain variations contribute to differences in disease expression across different geographic locations. Genomes for two Australian isolates of <i>F. oxysporum</i> isolated from cotton are presented. The strains differ in their symptomatology on cotton plants and group in distinct lineages, different to those cotton infecting strains found overseas.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8598,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Plant Pathology","volume":"54 3","pages":"377 - 386"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13313-025-01057-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145161818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of Boeremia exigua causing leaf spot of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) in China","authors":"Tingting Xu,&nbsp;Pan Ma,&nbsp;Rubing Xu,&nbsp;Tom Hsiang,&nbsp;Junbin Huang,&nbsp;Lu Zheng,&nbsp;Yuan Fang,&nbsp;Yanyan Li","doi":"10.1007/s13313-025-01056-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13313-025-01056-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tobacco (<i>Nicotiana tabacum</i> L.) is an economically important crop, widely cultivated in China. Since 2021, a new leaf spot disease has been seen frequently in Enshi, Xiangyang, Yichang, and Shiyan, all in Hubei Province, China. Diseased leaves exhibiting roundish lesions with greenish-yellow edges were collected to determine the causal agent in summer 2022. After isolation, morphological characterization, and molecular identification (ITS, LSU, and TUB), the pathogen of the new tobacco leaf spot disease was identified as <i>Boeremia exigua.</i> Inoculation tests showed that <i>B. exigua</i> strains could cause this disease on detached tobacco leaves, and fungi were re-isolated with morphology identical to the inoculated strain, confirming Koch’s postulates. This is the first report of tobacco leaf spot caused by <i>B. exigua</i> worldwide.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8598,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Plant Pathology","volume":"54 3","pages":"437 - 440"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13313-025-01056-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145161031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence of Trichoconiella padwickii causing leaf blight on rice (Oryza sativa L.) in China and its phylogenetic analysis","authors":"Hai-Yan Ke,&nbsp;Feng-Yin Liu,&nbsp;Zhi-He Yu,&nbsp;Younes M. Rashad,&nbsp;Jian-Xin Deng,&nbsp;Jun-Liang Yin","doi":"10.1007/s13313-025-01055-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13313-025-01055-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) is a widely cultivated grain crop and a significant source of dietary carbohydrates. In 2019 and 2022, leaf blight disease was observed on rice in Jingzhou City, Hubei Province, China, that causal fungus was isolated from the disease lesions. Based on the morphological characteristics, sequences of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of rDNA region and pathogenicity tests, it is identified as <i>Alternaria padwickii</i> (Ganguly) Ellis (1971), which is morphologically considered as <i>Trichoconiella padwickii</i> (Ganguly) Jain (1975). However, its molecular phylogeny is rare to know. According to the phylogenetic analysis of ITS, large-subunit ribosomal RNA (LSU) and RNA polymerase second largest subunit (<i>RPB2</i>) gene regions, the species should not belong to the genus <i>Alternaria</i>, which is the genus <i>Trichoconiella</i> in Pleosporaceae. This is the first report of leaf blight on rice caused by <i>Trichoconiella padwickii</i> in China and the determination of the phylogenetic position for <i>Trichoconiella</i> in Pleosporaceae.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8598,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Plant Pathology","volume":"54 3","pages":"371 - 376"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145170398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of basal root rot disease caused by Fusarium acuminatum in Garlic (Allium sativum L.) in Türkiye","authors":"Kamil Sarpkaya,&nbsp;Olcay Dedecan,&nbsp;Semiha Yüceer","doi":"10.1007/s13313-025-01054-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13313-025-01054-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Garlic (<i>Allium sativum</i> L.) is extensively cultivated across Türkiye, with a total annual production reaching 175.870 tons highlighting its significance as both a staple food crop and a commercially valuable commodity in domestic and international markets. Survey and isolation studies were conducted during the 2022–2024 growing seasons in three provinces. Morphological and molecular characterization (<i>tef1-α</i> and RPB2 regions) confirmed the presence of <i>F. acuminatum</i> in 7 of 15 isolates obtained from symptomatic plants. Pathogenicity was verified through artificial inoculation, and significant differences in disease incidence were observed among isolates from different regions. This study presents the first confirmed report of <i>F. acuminatum</i> as a causal agent of basal root rot in garlic in Türkiye.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8598,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Plant Pathology","volume":"54 3","pages":"433 - 436"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145170544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and validation of X-ComEC qPCR, a novel assay for accurate universal detection of both Xylella fastidiosa and Xylella taiwanensis","authors":"Johanna Wong-Bajracharya,&nbsp;John Webster,&nbsp;Luciano A. Rigano,&nbsp;Pragya Kant,&nbsp;Anna Englezou,&nbsp;Fridjof Snijders,&nbsp;Dor Agmon,&nbsp;Rebecca Roach,&nbsp;Cuiping Wang,&nbsp;Monica Kehoe,&nbsp;Rachel Mann,&nbsp;Fiona E. Constable,&nbsp;Nerida J. Donovan,&nbsp;Toni A. Chapman","doi":"10.1007/s13313-025-01051-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13313-025-01051-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Xylella fastidiosa</i> is a devastating plant pathogenic bacteria known for its broad host range, in contrast to the related species <i>Xylella taiwanensis</i>, which is only known to cause disease in Asian pears. Despite the potential threats they pose to Australian agriculture, diagnostic assays capable of detecting both <i>Xylella</i> species are scarce. Bridging this critical gap, this study presents the development of the X-<i>ComEC</i> qPCR assay that targets a genus-specific DNA sequence, enabling accurate generic detection of all <i>Xylella</i> species. Benchmarking this novel qPCR assay against other published <i>Xylella</i> qPCR assays demonstrated its superior performance. The X-<i>ComEC</i> qPCR assay stands out as the only assay that can accurately detect both <i>X. fastidiosa</i> and <i>X. taiwanensis</i> without cross-reactivity with related bacteria. We have also carried out a comprehensive inter-laboratory test performance study, which demonstrated that the X-<i>ComEC</i> qPCR and the qPCR described by Harper et al. (Development of LAMP and real-time PCR methods for the rapid detection of Xylella fastidiosa for quarantine and field applications; erratum 2013) are highly robust and ready to use in Australia. Combining these two assays into a duplex qPCR enables simultaneous detection and species-level identification of <i>X. fastidiosa</i> and <i>X. taiwanensis.</i> The findings of this study have been incorporated into the Australian National Diagnostic Protocol for <i>Xylella</i> detection, arming diagnostic laboratories with critical knowledge to combat these globally significant pathogens. Overall, the collaborative and systematic approach employed in this study provides a model for developing and validating assays for all plant pathogens.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8598,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Plant Pathology","volume":"54 3","pages":"343 - 356"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13313-025-01051-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145168757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mineral nutrient content restricts viral RNA accumulation and the systemic spread of Groundnut bud necrosis virus in Vigna unguiculata","authors":"Ajeet Singh Dhaka,&nbsp;Sneh Narwal,&nbsp;Ranjeet Ranjan Kumar,&nbsp;Gyan Prakash Mishra,&nbsp;Nand Lal Meena,&nbsp;Chirag Maheshwari,&nbsp;Shelly Praveen","doi":"10.1007/s13313-025-01053-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13313-025-01053-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Groundnut bud necrosis virus (GBNV), a plant virus belonging to the family <i>Bunyaviridae</i> and the genus <i>Orthotospovirus</i>, features a tripartite ambisense RNA genome. It primarily infects crops from the leguminosae and solanaceae families, causing distinctive symptoms such as chlorotic and necrotic spots. Present study aims to elucidate the effect of a few macro- and micro-nutrients supplementation on the progression of viral disease in cowpea plant. Study suggested that supplementation of macro-nutrients (P and K) and micro-nutrient (Zn) reduced viral accumulation and limits the viral spread in plant. Occurrence of oxidative stress and cell death by viral infection was judged by the increased concentration of ROS both at virus inoculated and systemic sites. Plants exhibited a decrease in ROS accumulation and cell death, supplemented with P, K and Zn than Mn supplemented and non-supplemented plants under viral infection. Antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, GR and APX) activities were also increased in the plants supplemented with P, K and Zn than supplemented with Mn and non-supplemented plants. Expression levels of oxidative stress responsive miRNAs along with their corresponding target transcripts were also altered during nutrient supplementation in cowpea plants. Expression of miR319a.2, controlling metacaspase-8 (responsible for initiation of cell death) showed up-regulation, whereas miR398 and miR482 controlling COX-5b (responsible for mitochondrial ROS production) and NBS-LRR (responsible for disease resistance) genes, respectively showed down-regulation in the plants supplemented with P, K and Zn than the plants supplemented with Mn and non-supplemented. The study highlights the accumulation of ROS and PCD, along with the modulation of ROS and PCD-responsive genes during GBNV infection at both the inoculation and systemic sites, influenced by nutrient supplementation. The findings also discuss the potential of nutrient supplementation as a strategy to enhance viral resistance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8598,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Plant Pathology","volume":"54 3","pages":"357 - 369"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145167818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of Phytopythium helicoides causing crown and root rot of raspberry (Rubus Idaeus L.) in Mexico","authors":"Perla Rubi Nuñez-Garcia,&nbsp;Willie A. S. Vieira,&nbsp;Isabel Cruz-Lachica,&nbsp;Raymundo Saúl García-Estrada,&nbsp;Luis Alfredo Osuna-García,&nbsp;Alma Rosa Solano-Báez,&nbsp;Juan Manuel Tovar-Pedraza","doi":"10.1007/s13313-025-01052-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13313-025-01052-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In November 2023, symptoms of leaf yellowing and wilting, as well as crown and root rot, were detected on raspberry plants in a commercial field located in Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico. Following the isolation of colonies displaying oomycete characteristics, two isolates were purified. Through a combination of morphological examinations, pathogenicity tests, and phylogenetic analysis using ITS and LSU sequence data, the causal agent was identified as <i>Phytopythium helicoides</i> Abad, De Cock, Bala, Robideau, Lodhi &amp; Levesque. This is the first report of <i>P. helicoides</i> causing crown and root rot of raspberry worldwide.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8598,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Plant Pathology","volume":"54 3","pages":"429 - 432"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145165333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population development, damage assessment, and susceptibility of maize hybrids to root-lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus neglectus and P. crenatus) under glasshouse conditions","authors":"Nagarathnam Thiruchchelvan,&nbsp;Manjula Kularathna,&nbsp;Romy Moukarzel,&nbsp;Seona Casonato,&nbsp;Leo Condron","doi":"10.1007/s13313-025-01050-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13313-025-01050-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Root-lesion nematodes, particularly <i>Pratylenchus neglectus</i> and <i>P. crenatus</i> (PNC), are widely distributed in New Zealand and cause significant damage to maize roots, reducing crop productivity. Despite their economic importance, no comprehensive assessment of commercial maize hybrids’ resistance to PNC has been conducted in the country. Significant variation was observed in the nematode reproduction factor (<i>Rf</i>) and final population (<i>Pf</i>) among hybrids. In Experiment 1 (initial population (<i>Pi</i>) = 1250 PNC kg⁻¹ soil), <i>Rf</i> ranged from 3.1 in hybrid P8500 to 7.1 in hybrid P9127, with <i>Pf</i> values ranging from 3863 to 8903 PNC kg⁻¹ soil + roots in 45 days. In Experiment 2 (<i>Pi</i> = 750 PNC kg⁻¹ soil), <i>Rf</i> ranged from 18.4 in hybrid P1613 to 37.5 in hybrid P8805, with <i>Pf</i> values from 13,784 to 28,426 PNC kg⁻¹ soil + roots in 60 days. These results indicate active nematode reproduction and substantial hybrid-dependent variation in host response. Experiment 3 examined the impact of varying initial inoculum densities (500, 1000 and 1500 PNC kg⁻¹ soil), showing a dose-dependent increase in <i>Pf</i> and corresponding root damage. Susceptible hybrid (P9127) exhibited up to 42% root dry weight and 22% shoot dry weight reductions. This study is the first systematic evaluation of PNC resistance in New Zealand maize hybrids. It identifies P9127 and P8805 as highly susceptible, and P0891, P8500, and P1613 as moderately resistant. These findings offer valuable benchmarks for future breeding and support nematode management in New Zealand.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8598,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Plant Pathology","volume":"54 3","pages":"333 - 342"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13313-025-01050-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145162834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights on plasmids and their role in evolution of Xanthomonas","authors":"Sneha Bhosale,&nbsp;Sujoy Saha,&nbsp;Nayana Patil","doi":"10.1007/s13313-025-01048-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13313-025-01048-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Xanthomonas</i>, comprising twenty-seven Gram-negative bacterial species, poses a significant threat to numerous plant species by causing severe diseases. Plasmids which are common components of phytopathogenic bacteria, play a crucial role in disease development as well as in the diverse evolution of their hosts. Plasmids carry virulence factors along with ecological variability which contributes in the pathogen's adaptation, through many traits acquired through horizontal transfer from other bacteria, thereby highlighting their vital role in rapid evolution. These plasmids are equipped with self-transmissible features and genes which are capable to encode a specific secretion system (Type IV). The \"mobilome\" of plant pathogenic bacterial plasmids encompasses particular insertion sequences and special transposable elements, which facilitate the intra and inter- transfer of genomic sequences. This review seeks to provide a comprehensive overview of the distribution, classification, transfer of plasmids, bacterial evolution, and the roles of plasmids in pathogenicity, antibiotic resistance, heavy metal resistance, and evolution associated with <i>Xanthomonas</i>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8598,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Plant Pathology","volume":"54 3","pages":"241 - 252"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145162550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylogenetic reassessment and epitypification of Exobasidium vexans causing blister blight of tea","authors":"Ganga Devi Sinniah,&nbsp;Dalawellage Chanuka Madushanka Kulatunga,&nbsp;Abhay Kumar Pandey,&nbsp;Harshit Kumar Sharma,&nbsp;Nelanka Priyadarshani Colombage,&nbsp;Dhanushka Udayanga","doi":"10.1007/s13313-025-01049-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13313-025-01049-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Exobasidium vexans</i> is an important tropical phytopathogenic fungus that causes blister blight in tea. Despite its devastating impact on tea cultivation, this pathogen remains poorly studied. In this study, fresh symptomatic leaf samples of blister blight were collected from the main tea-growing regions of Sri Lanka and from Northeast and Eastern India, where the disease was originally reported. Fresh collections obtained from each locality were characterized based on micromorphological characters and molecular data and an epitype was designated. A molecular phylogeny based on the ITS (ribosomal nuclear internal transcribed spacer 1, 5.8S, internal transcribed spacer 2), 28S rDNA (largest subunit of ribosomal gene partial sequence), and <i>TEF</i>-<i>1α</i> (translation elongation factor-1 alpha) revealed that <i>E. vexans</i> collections represent a monophyletic clade closely related to <i>E. reticulatum</i>. This study provides crucial insights into the phylogenetic position and genetic diversity of <i>E. vexans</i>, offering a foundation for future studies on its biology, epidemiology, and management to mitigate impact on global tea production.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8598,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Plant Pathology","volume":"54 3","pages":"321 - 332"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145161149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}