Australasian Plant Pathology最新文献

{"title":"Botryosphaeriaceae species associated with branch dieback and decline of macadamia trees in South Africa","authors":"Angel N. Maduke,&nbsp;Bernard Slippers,&nbsp;Elna van der Linde,&nbsp;Mike J. Wingfield,&nbsp;Gerda Fourie","doi":"10.1007/s13313-024-00992-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13313-024-00992-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Botryosphaeriaceae</i> species are important latent pathogens causing diseases on trees utilized in forestry and agriculture. In recent years, there has been an increase in the incidence and severity of branch dieback and decline on macadamia trees in South Africa, and species of <i>Botryosphaeriaceae</i> have been considered as a possible cause. Although botryosphaeria dieback has been well-studied in Australia, there is little information regarding these fungi on Macadamia in South Africa. The aims of this study were consequently to (i) identify species of <i>Botryosphaeriaceae</i> from Macadamia branches from main production regions in South Africa, (ii) compare the diversity of species between symptomatic and asymptomatic branches, as well as between different growing regions, (iii) and to consider their relative importance in causing dieback. Eight species and three putative hybrids of the <i>Botryosphaeriaceae</i> were identified based on a phylogenetic comparison of sequence data from the ITS rDNA, <i>tub2</i>, <i>tef-1α</i> and <i>rpb2</i> loci. These included an unidentified <i>Diplodia</i> sp<i>.,</i> and <i>Lasiodiplodia</i> sp<i>.</i>, as well as <i>L. gilanensis, L. theobromae, L. pseudotheobromae</i><i>, </i><i>Neofusicoccum kwambonambiense, N. luteum, N. parvum</i> and three hybrid species. The unidentified species of <i>Diplodia</i>.<i>, Lasiodiplodia</i> sp.<i>, L. gilanensis,</i> and <i>N. kwambonambiense</i> are reported for the first time on Macadamia in South Africa. All species showed a potential to cause branch dieback symptoms, with species of <i>Neofusicoccum</i> identified as the most aggressive species. This study revealed a high level of diversity of <i>Botryosphaeriaceae</i> species and illustrates their potential as causal agents of dieback on Macadamia in South Africa.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8598,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Plant Pathology","volume":"53 5","pages":"419 - 434"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13313-024-00992-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of ISSR-Derived SCAR marker for detection of Fusarium oxysporum responsible for corm rot of saffron","authors":"Vishal Gupta,&nbsp;Gayatri Jamwal,&nbsp;Chahal Verma,&nbsp;Akash Sharma,&nbsp;Sushil Kumar Gupta,&nbsp;Satish Kumar Sharma,&nbsp;Fayaz Ahmad Mohiddin,&nbsp;Zakir Amin","doi":"10.1007/s13313-024-00994-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13313-024-00994-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Corm rot of saffron is the deadliest disease of saffron and a major bottleneck in its successful cultivation in Jammu and Kashmir, India. To date, only limited information has been made available for the monitoring, surveillance, and detection of plant pathogens associated with corm rot of saffron in this region. Incidence and severity of corm rot caused by multiple pathogens, viz., <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i>,<i> Fusarium solani</i>,<i> Aspergillus niger</i>,<i> Penicillium corymbiferum</i>,<i> Rhizoctonia solani</i>, and <i>Macrophomina phaseolina</i>, was assessed in saffron growing regions based on multiple field surveys conducted at the farmer’s fields in Kishtwar district of Jammu and Kashmir, during June-July 2021 and 2022. Corm rot was prevalent in all the surveyed prefectures of the saffron growing region, with a maximum disease incidence (62.02%) and severity (43.68%) at Lower Pochhal. The disease manifested as yellowing, drooping, and wilting of shoots during flowering, resulting in dying of the foliage which subsequently led to rotting of corms. Association of six fungal species viz., <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i>,<i> Fusarium solani</i>,<i> Aspergillus niger</i>,<i> Penicillium corymbiferum</i>,<i> Rhizoctonia solani</i> and <i>Macrophomina phaseolina</i> was recorded from the infected saffron corms based on morphological characteristics. Out of these, <i>F. oxysporum</i> was the predominant pathogen, and was present in all the surveyed locations. Species specific SCAR (Sequence Characterized Amplified Region) primers (FO-SCAR-FP and FO-SCAR-RP) were designed for effective detection and diagnosis of <i>F. oxysporum</i>, as it emerged as the major pathogen. Results of the present study may provide new insights into the monitoring of the corm rot and the deployment of an effective disease management strategy that will enhance the production, and productivity of saffron. This being the first comprehensive survey in the region, it provides basic information regarding the occurrence of disease, the distribution of various pathogens associated with it and also about the detection and monitoring of <i>F. oxysporum</i>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8598,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Plant Pathology","volume":"53 5","pages":"443 - 456"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection and characterization of the cowpea chlorotic mottle virus in forage peanut (Arachis pintoi) in Brazil","authors":"Késsia Fátima Cunha Pantoja,&nbsp;Alessandra de Jesus Boari,&nbsp;Bruno Rossitto De Marchi,&nbsp;Jorge Alberto Marques Rezende,&nbsp;Elliot Watanabe Kitajima,&nbsp;Rivadalve Coelho Gonçalves,&nbsp;Giselle Mariano Lessa Assis,&nbsp;Renate Krause-Sakate","doi":"10.1007/s13313-024-00987-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13313-024-00987-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV) was detected in forage peanut plants (<i>Arachis pintoi</i>), showing mosaic, yellowing, and interveinal chlorosis. Negatively stained partially purified preparations contained isometric particles ca. 30 nm in size, also present in the cytoplasm and vacuole of leaf parenchymal cells from CCMV-infected <i>A. pintoi</i> leaves. Mechanical transmission of the CCMV leaf extracts from symptomatic <i>A. pintoi</i> plants resulted in systemic mosaic in <i>A. pintoi</i> cv. BRS Mandobi, <i>Vigna unguiculata</i> L. cv Pretinha, and <i>V. unguiculata</i> sg. <i>sesquipedalis</i> cv. De Metro plants; mottle on leaves of inoculated <i>Nicotiana occidentalis</i> and <i>N. benthamiana</i>; and local necrotic and chlorotic lesions in <i>Chenopodium quinoa</i> and <i>C. amaranticolor,</i> respectively. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) allowed us to identify the causal agent as the CCMV and obtain the complete nucleotide sequence of the three genome components. BLAST search in the nucleotide database revealed high identities of the genome components with previously reported CCMV isolates. Primer was designed based on the HTS-derived sequence and efficiently detected CCMV in the infected <i>A. pintoi</i> samples. To our knowledge, this is the first report of CCMV infecting forage peanuts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8598,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Plant Pathology","volume":"53 5","pages":"385 - 389"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The genomes of two Australian isolates of Verticillium dahliae recovered from cotton fields","authors":"Donald M. Gardiner,&nbsp;Linda J. Smith,&nbsp;Anca Rusu,&nbsp;Elizabeth A. B. Aitken","doi":"10.1007/s13313-024-00993-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13313-024-00993-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Verticillium wilt is a major disease in a wide variety of crops and is caused by the fungus <i>Verticillium dahliae Kleb.</i> In Australian cotton growing regions two pathotypes of <i>V. dahliae</i> are described, namely non-defoliating and defoliating, classified on their ability to cause defoliation in cotton (<i>Gossypium hirsutum</i>) as well as okra (<i>Abelmoschus esculentus)</i> and olives (<i>Olea europaea</i>). Herein we report the genomes of two isolates of <i>V. dahliae</i>, one predicted to be non-defoliating and the other predicted to be defoliating. Phylogenomic analysis places each isolate into separate clades, but the highly aggressive, predicted defoliating, strain lacks the genomic features reported as important for causing defoliation on cotton in other regions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8598,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Plant Pathology","volume":"53 5","pages":"435 - 441"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13313-024-00993-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a qPCR assay to detect Diplodia seriata on chipped apple wood","authors":"Vernon Jacobs,&nbsp;Francois Halleen Elodie Stempien,&nbsp;Lizel Mostert","doi":"10.1007/s13313-024-00991-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13313-024-00991-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the deciduous fruit industry, orchards are often excavated and trees chipped. The organic material is then used as mulch for soil conservation, a practice that form part of sustainable agricultural. The presence and possible transmission of plant pathogens are not considered when trees are removed, chipped and used for mulch. Young apple trees can develop cankers due to <i>Diplodia seriata</i> of which the inoculum source might come from fruiting structures present on apple wood mulch. Therefore, the presence of <i>D. seriata</i>, on chipped apple tree wood pieces used for mulch in younger orchards was investigated. To be able to detect <i>D. seriata</i>, qPCR primers were designed from a previously identified unique sequence characterised amplified region (SCAR). The qPCR primers were specific for <i>D. seriata</i> (Cq ≤ 35 and Tm = 85<span>(:pm:)</span>0.17 °C) when compared with DNA from nineteen other fungal taxa associated with canker or wood rot of apple trees tested, excluding <i>Botryosphaeria dothidea</i> (Cq = 38 and Tm = 85.25 °C). The qPCR assay was sensitive and had a limit of quantification of 2859 fg/µl and limit of detection of 571 fg/µl. Wood chips were collected at two time periods (from heaps and 6 months after it was spread in tree rows) in three apple orchards in the Western Cape of South Africa. DNA was extracted from water-washes of 120 wood piece samples and <i>D</i>. <i>seriata</i> was detected from 101 of these samples. This study showed that the newly developed primers was able to successfully detect <i>D. seriata</i> from mulched apple wood. The presence of <i>D. seriata</i> on apple tree wood chips indicates that there is a risk involved in using wood chips made from old apple trees.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8598,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Plant Pathology","volume":"53 5","pages":"413 - 418"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13313-024-00991-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Calonectria variabilis isolated from Anacardium occidentale trees exhibiting leaf blight symptoms","authors":"Luis A. Ramírez-Camejo,&nbsp;Iliana Quintero,&nbsp;Marjorie Cedeño–Sanchez,&nbsp;Luis C. Mejía","doi":"10.1007/s13313-024-00985-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13313-024-00985-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Anacardium occidentale</i> is the tree source of cashew nuts, a commodity with increased demand globally and threatened by several diseases. Here we report on the occurrence of a disease that has severely affected production of cashew nuts in Panama and that can be of regional importance. Our first observation of this disease was in 2013, in the locality of Gamboa (Colon, Panama). Blight symptoms of the disease starts with foliar lesions characterized by initial necrotic points surrounded by yellow discoloration or chlorotic zones. These lesions progressively expand, transforming into larger, brown patches with rounded to irregular shapes. Lesions can coalesce and cover entire leaves causing them to drop and produce defoliation of entire branches or trees that become unproductive. Trees with similar symptoms were later observed in several provinces in Panama indicating that the disease was widespread in the country. We obtained consistent isolation of the same fungus from lesions on <i>A. occidentale</i> from multiple localities and pathogenicity tests were conducted on detached leaves as well as on healthy leaves on an adult tree. Morphological and phylogenetic analyses of the isolated fungus showed that the causal agent was <i>Calonectria variabilis</i>, a fungus previously reported to occur on <i>Schefflera morototoni</i>, <i>Theobroma grandiflora</i>, and <i>Eucalyptus</i>. This is the first time that <i>C. variabilis</i> is reported as a pathogen of <i>A. occidentale</i> and the first record of this species for Panama.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8598,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Plant Pathology","volume":"53 5","pages":"375 - 383"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative gene expression of OsSWEETs from various rice genotypes during the development of bacterial blight as induced by the most virulent Race 4 of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae","authors":"E R Rashmi,&nbsp;Kalyan K. Mondal,&nbsp;Thungri Ghoshal,&nbsp;M Amrutha Lakshmi","doi":"10.1007/s13313-024-00990-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13313-024-00990-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sugars are caloric carbohydrate compound found in nature, such as fruits and vegetables, and are required by all organisms. During the phloem loading process, SWEET efflux sucrose from phloem parenchyma cells and then transports it to the sieve element-companion cell complex (SE/CC) via active proton-coupled sucrose transporters (SUTs). There are 21 SWEETs identified in rice that play important roles in sugar efflux, signal transduction, plant growth and development, and biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. TALE proteins are pathogen-produced effectors that interact with host susceptibility genes and induce OsSWEET proteins. In this study, genetic variations in the promoter region of <i>OsSWEET11</i>, <i>OsSWEET13</i> and <i>OsSWEET14</i> are examined in 20 genotypes grown in India. Further sequence analysis of three genotypes having extreme response (resistance and susceptibility) to bacterial blight revealed that the promoter of the resistant genotype Pusa basmati 1692 is more closely clustered with the <i>xa13</i>, <i>xa25</i> resistance genes than compared to susceptible genotype Pusa basmati 1. Relative gene expression studies showed that upon <i>Xoo</i> inoculation, the fold expression of clade III <i>OsSWEET</i> genes, namely <i>OsSWEET11, OsSWEET13, OsSWEET14</i> and <i>OsSWEET15</i> increases in cultivars IR24, Pusa Basmati1 and Improved Pusa Basmati1. Intriguingly, after <i>Xoo</i> challenge inoculation, <i>OsSWEET15</i> expression was found to be increased along with other major <i>OsSWEET</i> genes, implying that it could be a novel target for a bacterial blight pathogen.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8598,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Plant Pathology","volume":"53 5","pages":"401 - 412"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infected nursery stock and poor silvicultural practices contribute to development of Ceratocystis manginecans wilt and canker disease in Eucalyptus pellita","authors":"H. Indrayadi,&nbsp;Morag Glen,&nbsp;Y. R. Kurniawan,&nbsp; Fahrizawati,&nbsp;C. Beadle,&nbsp;D. Ratkowsky,&nbsp;B. Tjahjono,&nbsp;C. Mohammed","doi":"10.1007/s13313-024-00989-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13313-024-00989-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In Indonesia and Malaysia, <i>Eucalyptus pellita</i> has replaced large areas of <i>Acacia mangium</i> plantations as the latter species is highly susceptible to <i>C. manginecans.</i> This strategy may not be effective in the long term as <i>E. pellita</i> is also susceptible to Ceratocystis wilt and canker disease though it has higher tolerance than <i>A. mangium.</i> Furthermore, the pathogen has the capacity to evolve and adapt to new hosts. To highlight the need for careful sanitation in nurseries and the potential impact of wounding during silvicultural operations, two experiments were conducted to (i) demonstrate the ability of cryptic <i>Ceratocystis</i> infections in nursery plants to develop into Ceratocystis wilt and canker disease after planting out and (ii) assess the risk of Ceratocystis infection and disease development from different wound types. In the nursery, three-month-old mini-cuttings of seven <i>E. pellita</i> clones were artificially wounded and inoculated with two isolates of <i>Ceratocystis manginecans</i> near the base of the stem. The disease incidence and lesion length were measured one month later, just prior to planting out. After four months of growth in the plantation, the trees were harvested and stems sliced longitudinally to measure the length of xylem discolouration. Six of 36 ramets of susceptible clones died and the length of xylem discolouration was significantly greater in susceptible clones than in tolerant clones. The second experiment was based on inoculation of 12-month-old plantation-grown trees of one clone of <i>E. pellita</i> with one isolate of <i>C. manginecans</i> using six different wounding methods. The inoculated wounds on the trees all produced xylem discolouration, except for those that only penetrated the outer bark. Disease incidence was greater at stem heights of 30 to 90 cm than on the basal stem or branch stub. The experiment emphasised the importance of minimising the risk of <i>C. manginecans</i> infection following wounding in the nursery and in the field as the discolouration is an indication of xylem blockage that can lead to tree mortality.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8598,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Plant Pathology","volume":"53 5","pages":"391 - 399"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13313-024-00989-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization and functional validation of a genomic region involved in resistance to rust race II in Coffea arabica","authors":"Caroline Ariyoshi,&nbsp;Suzana Tiemi Ivamoto-Suzuki,&nbsp;Viviane Yumi Baba,&nbsp;Masako Toma-Braghini,&nbsp;Gustavo Hiroshi Sera,&nbsp;Adrian Powell,&nbsp;Sandra Maria Bellodi Cação,&nbsp;Eveline Teixeira Caixeta,&nbsp;Luiz Filipe Protasio Pereira","doi":"10.1007/s13313-024-00988-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13313-024-00988-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Coffee leaf rust (CLR) is one of the most economically important diseases affecting <i>Coffea arabica</i> production, having a significant economic impact. Among the main goals of coffee breeding programs is the development of cultivars resistant to this disease. A source of resistance genes is Híbrido de Timor (HdT), a spontaneous hybrid originated from the cross between <i>C. arabica</i> and <i>C. canephora</i>. Previously, in a transcriptome study, the <i>Ca TDF77 NBS-LRR</i> gene from HdT involved in resistance to CLR was identified. Hence, our aim was to characterize the genomic region surrounding the <i>Ca TDF77 NBS-LRR</i> gene in <i>Coffea</i> spp. Furthermore, we aimed to analyze the transcriptional profile of this gene, in the <i>C. arabica</i> cultivar IAPAR 59, which is originated from HdT introgression and is resistant to CLR race II. The outcome delineated the gene’s localization on chromosome 11 (canephora subgenome) of <i>C. arabica</i>, spotlighting intragenic polymorphisms between HdT and Arabica coffee susceptible to CLR race II. The genomic region surrounding the gene in <i>Coffea</i> spp. revealed a tandem structure and transposable elements. Notably, within IAPAR 59, the gene exhibited significant upregulation at 24 and 72 h post CLR infection, contrasting starkly with the susceptible genotype. This observation validates its role in fortifying the defense mechanism of this particular cultivar. This study enriches our understanding of the evolutionary dynamics of <i>Coffea</i> spp. genomes and also provides genomic resources instrumental in devising biotechnological strategies for resistance to CLR.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8598,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Plant Pathology","volume":"53 4","pages":"363 - 373"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elucidating the role of nitrogen and silicon regimes in rice blast management and yield performance of Mushk Budji variety under field conditions","authors":"Zakir Amin,&nbsp;F. A. Mohiddin,&nbsp;Ali Anwar,&nbsp;Asif. B. Shikari,&nbsp;Tauseef A. Bhat,&nbsp;Fehim Jeelani Wani,&nbsp;T. A. Raja,&nbsp;Zahoor Ahmad Baba,&nbsp;Najeebul Rehman Sofi,&nbsp;Shugufta Parveen,&nbsp;Heena Altaf","doi":"10.1007/s13313-024-00986-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13313-024-00986-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigated the interactive effects of nitrogen and silicon fertilization on disease incidence, severity, grain yield, and straw yield in susceptible rice variety under rice blast disease pressure across two consecutive years. The results revealed significant variations in disease parameters across different nutrient combinations. The study involved four levels each of nitrogen (N₀: 0 Kg/ha; N₁:50 Kg/ha; N₂: 100 Kg/ha and N₃: 150 Kg/ha) and silicon (Si₀: 0 Kg/ha; Si₁: 60 Kg/ha; Si₃: 90 Kg/ha and Si₃: 120 Kg/ha). The treatments with lower to moderate nitrogen levels coupled with higher silicon rates exhibited the lowest disease incidence and severity, highlighting their synergistic effect in enhancing disease resistance. Conversely, high nitrogen levels with low or no silicon supplementation displayed the highest disease susceptibility, indicating that excessive nitrogen without adequate silicon can exacerbate vulnerability. Notably, increasing silicon levels led to decreasing disease incidence and severity, while the opposite trend was observed for nitrogen, underscoring silicon’s pivotal role in mitigating disease impact. Regarding yield parameters, the highest silicon rate (120 kg/ha) consistently resulted in superior grain yields, particularly when combined with moderate nitrogen levels (100 Kg/ha). The positive effect of silicon on grain yield was more pronounced at lower nitrogen levels, suggesting its potential to compensate for nitrogen deficiency. Moreover, the highest silicon level consistently exhibited superior straw yields across nitrogen levels. However, moderate nutrient levels occasionally outperformed the highest levels, implying an optimum range for maximizing straw yield while avoiding yield penalties associated with excessive application.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8598,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Plant Pathology","volume":"53 4","pages":"353 - 362"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}