Arkhiv patologii最新文献

{"title":"[DDAH1 protein: biological functions, role in carcinogenesis processes].","authors":"E A Prosekina, V A Shapkina, A E Karpov, E Yu Fedorutseva, A S Artemyeva","doi":"10.17116/patol20258701160","DOIUrl":"10.17116/patol20258701160","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolase 1 (DDAH1) is an essential enzyme capable of degrading asymmetric dimethylarginine, which is an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. Increased expression of DDAH1 and subsequent increased NO production are associated with carcinogenesis. In particular, DDAH1 is involved in the creation of a vascular network by tumor cells, vasculogenic mimicry, which is closely associated with tumor progression and poor patient prognosis. This is the reason why DDAH1 may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":8548,"journal":{"name":"Arkhiv patologii","volume":"87 1","pages":"60-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143405534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Prostate involvement in granulomatosis with polyangiitis].","authors":"A S Kontorshchikov, V V Pechnikova, A L Chernyaev, M V Samsonova, D G Karelidze, L M Mikhaleva","doi":"10.17116/patol20258703182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/patol20258703182","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's granulomatosis, ANCA-associated vasculitis) is a rare systemic disease with unclear etiology, raising many questions in the interpretation of changes in internal organs during computed tomography and the assessment of diagnostic signs during pathohistological examination of biopsy/autopsy material. This paper describes a rare clinical observation of granulomatosis with polyangiitis in a 62-year-old patient with lung, kidney, and prostate lesions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8548,"journal":{"name":"Arkhiv patologii","volume":"87 3","pages":"82-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144324388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The structure of causes of death of the adult population of the Moscow region in 2019 and 2023].","authors":"E P Kakorina, I V Samorodskaya","doi":"10.17116/patol20258703140","DOIUrl":"10.17116/patol20258703140","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the structure of causes of death among men and women of different age groups in 2019 and 2023 (using the Moscow Region as an example).</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Anonymized personalized data from medical death certificates (MDC) of the database of the Main Civil Registry Office in the Moscow Region. A total of 87.555 MDCs in 2019 and 92.182 in 2023 of persons aged 18 years and older. The absolute number of deaths (total and in ten-year age groups), the contribution of disease classes according to ICD-10 were determined, a comparison of unstandardized mortality rates (UR) and the structure of causes of death was carried out.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mortality rate for men (18 years and older) was 1499 per 100.000 men in 2019 and 1434 in 2023; for women - 1367 and 1344, respectively. The UR of men is higher than that of women up to the age of 80, with the greatest differences at the age of 18-39 years. An increase in the number of deaths, UR and contribution to the mortality structure in men and women was noted for 5 ICD classes (E, J, K, N and S-T in men); a decrease was found for class F, for women - for 2 classes (G and R). The most significant differences in the UR and structure of causes of death in men and women are associated with four classes (S-T, J, E and G). The smallest changes were recorded for the class of neoplasms (about 15% of deaths in both men and women in 2019 and in 2023). A high proportion of poorly defined codes was noted (for example, more than 80% in the class of nervous diseases are accounted for by 3 codes G31.1, G93.0 and G93.4). The differences and changes identified in the structure of causes of death in 10-year age groups of men and women are likely largely due to controversial issues regarding the determination of the underlying cause of death.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Mortality reduction strategies should take into account age-sex characteristics of causes of death. Significant changes in UR from individual causes and a sharp increase in the proportion of deaths with codes that have no clinical analogues in old age require improvement of approaches to indicating and coding causes of death.</p>","PeriodicalId":8548,"journal":{"name":"Arkhiv patologii","volume":"87 3","pages":"40-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144324391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Aberrant TTF1 expression in anaplastic large cell lymphoma].","authors":"V A Khorzhevskii, S V Gappoev, Y S Kanin, E V Alymova, I V Vershinin, A A Kozireva","doi":"10.17116/patol2025870515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/patol2025870515","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF1) is the most common and reliable marker for immunohistochemical diagnostics of various thyroid tumors and lung adenocarcinoma. At the same time, some of scientific studies have been published that describe aberrant expression of TTF1 by cells of various tumors, including lymphomas. Researchers reported the possibility of TTF1 expression in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma, and T-cell leukemia. However, there were no reports of this marker expression in anaplastic large cell lymphoma, which, due to its morphological characteristics, may resemble a metastatic process.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the frequency of aberrant expression of TTF1 in anaplastic large cell lymphoma cells.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study was performed on 47 cases of anaplastic large cell lymphoma. The expression of TTF1 was assessed using two different platforms (Ventana BenchMark ULTRA and BondMAX) and two different, commercially available, clones (SP141, SPT24), including the use of a double chromogenic label.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study detected the expression of TTF1 by tumor cells in five cases (10.6%) of nodal ALK-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma in patients with a median age of 66 years, with a TTF1 expression gradient from 100% to 15% of tumor cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study demonstrated for the first time the possibility of aberrant expression of TTF1 by anaplastic large cell lymphoma cells. In one case, intense expression of TTF1 was observed in 100% of tumor cells, in the rest - in no more than 15%. Moreover, expression was observed both in cases of using clone SP141 and clone SPT24. In our opinion, the identified aberrant expression of TTF1 in anaplastic large cell lymphoma, may cause an error in the morphological diagnosis of the metastatic process and requires additional attention from the pathologist.</p>","PeriodicalId":8548,"journal":{"name":"Arkhiv patologii","volume":"87 5","pages":"5-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145375885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The immune status of the endometrium in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding associated with chronic endometritis].","authors":"L M Mikhaleva, R Y Mitrelis, M R Orazov, V E Radzinsky, S A Mikhalev, R A Vandysheva, D N Masalimova, T Y Kobyzeva, E G Homskaya","doi":"10.17116/patol20258705120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/patol20258705120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic endometritis is widespread among women of reproductive age, it can be the cause of menstrual disorders, abnormal uterine bleeding and, finally, infertility of uterine genesis. The issue of impaired immune status of the glandular-stromal component in chronic endometritis has not been deeply investigated. Violation of the ratio of immune system cells is a fundamental link in the development of imbalance of the immunological status of the endometrium.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To present a comparative analysis of the immune status of the endometrium in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding associated with chronic endometritis of varying severity.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A comparative analysis of clinical data, histological and immunohistochemical results of endometrial examination in 95 patients of reproductive age was carried out. Diagnosis of chronic endometritis was performed in histological sections: immunohistochemical reaction with CD138 antibodies with assessment of the number of plasma cells. In addition, the presence or absence of endometrial stromal fibrosis was recorded using Mallory staining. The following markers of endometrial lymphocytes were counted: CD4, CD8, CD20, CD56, and the CD4/CD8 ratio was estimated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The morphological sign indicating changes in the immune status in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding associated with chronic endometritis is a significant increase in the number of lymphocytes characterised by increased expression of CD4, CD8, CD20, CD56 markers, and a disruption of the CD4/CD8 ratio, directly proportional to the degree of severity of chronic endometritis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study demonstrates statistically significant differences in immune status in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding associated with chronic endometritis of varying severity. Local immunity cells in the endometrium coordinate the menstrual cycle, and their imbalance leads to the activation of pathological mechanisms of endometrial immunoregulation, which is probably a pathogenetic factor of functional failure of the endometrium and menstrual disorders in women.</p>","PeriodicalId":8548,"journal":{"name":"Arkhiv patologii","volume":"87 5","pages":"20-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145375920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[On the 60th anniversary of the P. Lauren's classification of histological types of gastric cancer].","authors":"N V Danilova, O D Bunga, P G Malkov","doi":"10.17116/patol20258704168","DOIUrl":"10.17116/patol20258704168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The epidemiological data on the incidence of gastric cancer and its mortality make it a challenge for oncologists to find new and improve existing diagnostic methods and therapies. Despite the active change of modern realities in the practice of pathomorphologist for 60 years remains unchanged authority of the P.Laurén classification of histological main types. This does not leave it without attention from the scientists of our time, so there are published works refuting or confirming its prognostic significance, as well as studies in which its modifications are proposed. In this regard, the purpose of this review is to briefly systematise the currently available information on P.Laurén classification and to provide an opportunity to review the content of the original article by Pekka Laurén in Russian.</p>","PeriodicalId":8548,"journal":{"name":"Arkhiv patologii","volume":"87 4","pages":"68-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144940488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Sex cord tumor with annular tubules].","authors":"A S Badlaeva, A V Tregubova, R B Matronitskii, A P Raksha, V V Sukhoparova, N L Lysova, A V Asaturova","doi":"10.17116/patol20258701148","DOIUrl":"10.17116/patol20258701148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sex cord tumor with annular tubules is a rare type of ovarian tumor, which seems to arise from Sertoli cells. Most tumors are associated with Peutz<i>-</i>Jeghers syndrome and have a benign course and favorable prognosis; however, about 20% of sporadic sex cord tumors with annular tubules have a high risk of developing metastases. We present a case report about 18-year-old patient who presented with irregular menstruation and abdominal pain. Based on the histological features and immunohistochemical results, the diagnosis of a sex cord tumor with annular tubules was confirmed. The above-described ovarian tumor is rare in childhood and adolescence compared to the general population, which, combined with nonspecific clinical manifestations, can result certain diagnostic difficulties in this age group of patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":8548,"journal":{"name":"Arkhiv patologii","volume":"87 1","pages":"48-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143405557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Comparative analysis of EGFR gene mutations (exon 20) in sinonasal papillomas of inverted and oncocytic types].","authors":"A A Bakhtin, N A Dykhes, O V Karneeva, E L Tumanova, A A Kazakov, V V Demkin, O A Sapegina","doi":"10.17116/patol20258701116","DOIUrl":"10.17116/patol20258701116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sinonasal papillomas are a group of benign, relatively rare tumors of the sinonasal tract with varying clinical courses. In the modern WHO classification, it is customary to distinguish three subtypes of sinonasal papillomas: the most common inverted type (ISP), oncocytic type (OSP) and exophytic type (ESP). Recently, the concept has emerged that the different types of sinonasal papillomas may not be variants of a single tumor, but rather separate tumors. Thus, OSP demonstrates <i>KRAS</i> mutations, and the pathogenesis of ISP is associated with <i>EGFR</i> mutations.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To provide a comparative description of the <i>EGFR</i> gene (exon 20) based on the results of Sanger sequencing in sinonasal papillomas of inverted and oncocytic types.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Sanger sequencing of the <i>EGFR</i> gene (exon 20) was performed in 83 cases of sinonasal papillomas, of which 17 were of OSP and 66 were ISP cases. In 20 cases, an additional immunohistochemical study with an antibody to EGFR was also performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>When sequencing by Sanger of exon 20 of the <i>EGFR</i> gene in the ISP group, missense mutations were identified in 16 out of 66 cases, leading to a change in the value of the coding sequence of the gene, ultimately determining the formation of a different amino acid; this type of mutation was not identified in the OSP group. The most common mutation was at position 2622 in the form of G to A transition: in 47 cases of ISP (70%) and in 12 cases of OSP (71%). This mutation was synonymous and did not lead to an amino acid replacement in the synthesized protein. Thus, we did not find any significant differences in exon 20 of the EGFR gene between the ISP and OSP groups. In the ISP group, in 48 of 66 cases, multiple and single point mutations were noted, which we characterize as genetic heterogeneity.</p>","PeriodicalId":8548,"journal":{"name":"Arkhiv patologii","volume":"87 1","pages":"16-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143405572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Morphological examination of surgical material of primary lung cancer after neoadjuvant therapy: recommendations and literature review].","authors":"A D Petrova, N A Kozlov, D V Rogozhin","doi":"10.17116/patol20258704140","DOIUrl":"10.17116/patol20258704140","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The degree of pathologic response in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) has prognostic impact as well as influence on patient's management. It was shown that the best survival rates were achieved in patients with equals or less than 10% of residual carcinoma (major pathologic response) or with complete absence of invasive carcinoma (complete pathologic response). In 2020 the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer has published Multidisciplinary Recommendations for pathologic assessment of NSCLC resection specimens after NAT. In this article, we present the main points of the Recommendations taking into account our own experience in evaluating post-therapeutic changes in NSCLC. The article is intended primarily for pathologists practicing in oncological hospitals, but may also be of interest to other practitioners involved in the diagnostics and treatment of lung cancer patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":8548,"journal":{"name":"Arkhiv patologii","volume":"87 4","pages":"40-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144940491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Morpho-functional features of the endometrium in uterine leiomyoma before and after embolization of the uterine arteries].","authors":"M A Kudimova, L M Mikhaleva, I A Krasnova, V G Breusenko, I A Esipova, S A Mikhalev, N A Gracheva","doi":"10.17116/patol20258704113","DOIUrl":"10.17116/patol20258704113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The question of the degree of influence of uterine artery embolization (UAE) on fertility is open. It is important to evaluate the pathomorphological structure and functional activity of the endometrium, the disruption of which can lead to infertility.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To study morpho-functional changes in the endometrium of patients with uterine fibroids before and after UAE.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong></p><p><p>116 patients were divided into 2 groups depending on the type of the leading fibroid node: 1^st - 54 patients examined with uterine fibroid (UF) types 2, 2-5, 3, 2^nd - 62 patients observed with UM types 4, 5, 6.</p><p><p>The comparison group - 30 healthy women. Aspiration biopsy of the endometrium was performed in the middle stage of the secretory phase before and 6-12 months after UAE. The percentage and maturity of pinopodes, the expression level of estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR) receptors in the glands, endometrial stroma, inflammatory markers (CD56+, CD138+) were determined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The negative impact of UF on the morpho-functional state of the endometrium was determined. Changes were more pronounced in patients of 1^st group. Stroma indices before and after UAE corresponded to comparison group in most patients. After UAE, the number of mature pinopodes decreased in 1^st group, but not in 2^nd group. ER and PR expression levels in the glandular component decreased in all patients, being consistently higher in 1^st group. An increase in proinflammatory markers was observed only in 1^st group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>UF and UAE can disturb morpho-functional state of the endometrium. The impact assessment should be made taking into account the topographic and anatomical location of the myomatous node.</p>","PeriodicalId":8548,"journal":{"name":"Arkhiv patologii","volume":"87 4","pages":"13-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144940569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}