Arkhiv patologii最新文献

{"title":"[Spontaneous regression of colorectal cancer liver metastasis].","authors":"A O Guscha, A M Avdalyan, R I Sapozhnikova, N A Savelov, I A Demidova","doi":"10.17116/patol20268803166","DOIUrl":"10.17116/patol20268803166","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The mechanism of spontaneous regression of metastatic colorectal carcinoma in the liver remains incompletely understood. This article describes a case of spontaneous tumor regression in a metastatic lesion of colorectal cancer with microsatellite instability. An immune response to the neoantigen-rich tumor may have contributed to the spontaneous regression of the metastasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8548,"journal":{"name":"Arkhiv patologii","volume":"88 3","pages":"66-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148275770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Prognostic role of histologic features in low-grade serous ovarian carcinoma: association of invasion and desmoplasia patterns with tumor recurrence].","authors":"A S Badlaeva, A V Asaturova, A V Tregubova, N L Lysova","doi":"10.17116/patol20268802120","DOIUrl":"10.17116/patol20268802120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Low-grade serous carcinoma is a rare type of ovarian cancer, which is characterized with an indolent course, long-term survival, and relative resistance to chemotherapy. Although various patterns of destructive invasion have been described, data on the crosstalk between the morphological characteristics of this tumor and the clinical course are presented only in a few studies.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To reveal the crosstalk between patterns of invasion, stromal desmoplasia, and relapse-free survival in patients with low grade serous carcinoma.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study was performed on 26 samples of ovarian low grade serous carcinomas obtained from patients aged 30 to 83 years. All slides were reviewed by 2 gynecological pathologists to identify macropapillary and micropapillary invasion patterns, as well as the presence of a desmoplastic stromal reaction in the tumor. Survival was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall survival of patients was 96.1%, relapse-free survival was 76.9%. Advanced FIGO stages were observed in 88.5% of cases. The most common invasion pattern was the macropapillary variant, which was detected in 73.1% of cases. Micropapillary pattern was observed in 15.4% of cases. Desmoplasia was noted in equal proportions in both invasion variants (<i>n</i>=4). Tumor recurrence was detected in 16% of cases with macropapillary pattern, in 75% of cases with micropapillary pattern and in 100% of cases in the group with desmoplasia. The probability of recurrence depending on the invasion pattern using the Kaplan-Meier method was higher in the absence of the macropapillary invasion variant and in the presence of the micropapillary pattern.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of the study revealed a crosstalk between specific morphological characteristics and the clinical course of ovarian low grade serous carcinoma. The micropapillary pattern was associated with an increased risk of recurrence, which emphasizes the importance of scrutinized histological analysis of the tumor for predicting disease outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8548,"journal":{"name":"Arkhiv patologii","volume":"88 2","pages":"20-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147697338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Appendiceal mucinous adenocarcinoma mimicking an ovarian tumor].","authors":"O A Vasyukova, D N Masalimova, A E Birukov, A K Uglova, L M Mikhaleva","doi":"10.17116/patol20268804155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/patol20268804155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The paper presents a clinical case of appendiceal mucinous adenocarcinoma with invasion into the right ovary, imitating an ovarian tumor. The primary tumor was diagnosed only after a pathological evaluation of the surgical material with differential immunohistochemical assay after laparotomy and removal of the ovarian tumor and appendectomy. Difficulties in establishing an accurate diagnosis were caused by extensive invasion of the appendiceal tumor into the ovary. This disease requires increased oncological alertness and a clear algorithm for differential diagnosis of mucinous tumors of the appendix and ovary.</p>","PeriodicalId":8548,"journal":{"name":"Arkhiv patologii","volume":"88 4","pages":"55-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148629333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Purkinje cells in schizophrenia: a neural portrait of the disease].","authors":"A A Balandin, A D Tanaytseva, I A Balandina, A N Shilkova","doi":"10.17116/patol20268804174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/patol20268804174","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review is devoted to structuring and systematizing knowledge about the morphological changes of Purkinje cells in schizophrenia. Various scientific papers using histological, micrometric and neuroimaging methods of studying the structure of the cerebellum of patients with schizophrenia declare certain pathognomonic pathological changes. The systematization and structuring of scientific data concerning the issue of changes in the morphology of Purkinje cells in schizophrenia, the so-called \"neural portrait\" of the disease, is not only fundamental, but also of practical benefit to specialists such as neuroscientists, morphologists, pathologists, doctors of forensic medicine, since a clear understanding of the characteristic disorders of a complex neural system will allow for more accurate postmortem diagnosis, as well as serve as new starting points for further morpho-functional studies of this problem.</p>","PeriodicalId":8548,"journal":{"name":"Arkhiv patologii","volume":"88 4","pages":"74-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148629349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Assessment methodology of pathomorphological regression of melanoma metastasis in the index lymph node after neoadjuvant/perioperative immunotherapy].","authors":"L V Moskvina, G A Raskin, N A Savelov, Ya V Vishnevskaya, L E Zavalishina, D O Zagvozkina, A G Kudaibergenova, D A Tsekatunov, O Yu Chukhray, A Yu Shamanova, I V Shapozhnikova, K V Shelekhova","doi":"10.17116/patol20268803179","DOIUrl":"10.17116/patol20268803179","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This methodology has been developed to standardize the pathology evaluation of melanoma metastasis regression in the index lymph node after neoadjuvant/perioperative immunotherapy in patients with stage III resectable cutaneous melanoma. The methodology is intended for use by pathologists, clinical and surgical oncologists, and healthcare quality assessment experts. It can be implemented as a local protocol for pathological examination, as well as integrated into national clinical guidelines and relevant organizational and methodological documents.</p>","PeriodicalId":8548,"journal":{"name":"Arkhiv patologii","volume":"88 3","pages":"79-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148275569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Potential applications of artificial intelligence technology in assessing mitotic activity of gastrointestinal stromal tumors of the stomach].","authors":"I D Musatov, V O Osipov, A N Verbovsky, G R Setdikova, A V Semenkov","doi":"10.17116/patol20268802167","DOIUrl":"10.17116/patol20268802167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common subtype of soft tissue sarcomas, with diagnosis based on a combination of clinical presentation, anatomical localization of the tumor, histological and immunohistochemical (IHC) studies. This paper explores the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies for the automated detection of mitotic figures in histological images of GISTs. A literature review on the application of AI in morphological diagnostics of various tumors is presented. A test dataset of 220 digitized histological slides annotated in CVAT was created as part of the study. A convolutional neural network, YOLOv11, trained over 300 epochs, was used to analyze mitotic activity. Model performance evaluation showed that its accuracy was limited due to the small size of the training dataset. Future work will focus on expanding the dataset and improving the accuracy of pathological mitosis detection.</p>","PeriodicalId":8548,"journal":{"name":"Arkhiv patologii","volume":"88 2","pages":"67-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147697355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Heterogeneity of immunohistochemical status of microsatellite instability in gastric cancer: clinical-pathological associations and prognostic significance].","authors":"E E Dresvyankina, A V Chaika, V M Khomyakov, N A Oleynikova, N V Danilova","doi":"10.17116/patol20268805137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/patol20268805137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The investigation of the prevalence of heterogeneity in immunohistochemical staining of mismatch repair system markers (MMR heterogeneity) in gastric cancer (GC), search for correlations with clinical and morphological parameters, and analysis of the prognostic role of this phenomenon.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Histological specimens stained immunohistochemically with antibodies to MMR markers (MSH2, MSH6, MLH1, PMS2; full-size surgical material from patients with GC, <i>n</i>=310) were analyzed. Two heterogeneous phenotypes were identified: 1) MMR-positive/heterogeneous - some tumor cells lose nuclear staining, while staining is preserved in other tumor cells and in the stroma, 2) MMR-negative/heterogeneous - in cases of MMR-negative tumors showing heterogeneous staining of preserved MMR markers. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS 26 software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MMR-positive/heterogeneous tumors accounted for 11% of cases (<i>n</i>=34), MMR-negative/heterogeneous tumors - 2.3% (<i>n</i>=7). In MMR-positive/heterogeneous tumors, compared with MMR-positive tumors, there was a higher frequency of absence of signet ring cells (<i>p</i><0.001), 1-2 macroscopic forms (<i>p</i>=0.046), papillary and tubular histological subtypes (<i>p</i><0.001), intestinal histological subtype according to P. Lauren (<i>p</i><0.001), higher differentiation grade (<i>p</i><0.001), and earlier stage of disease (<i>p</i>=0.024). MMR-positive/heterogeneous status was associated with the tendency to longer overall survival (<i>p</i>=0.050; median 61 months vs. MMR-positive - 36 months). MMR-negative/heterogeneous and MMR-negative tumors did not differ statistically in terms of the parameters studied.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MMR-heterogeneous tumors in GC, distinguished from MMR-positive, are characterized by a more favorable clinical and morphological profile and the tendency to longer survival compared to the latter. However, it is important to note the small number of cases in the MMR-negative/heterogeneous tumor group, as well as the heterogeneity of the clinical and morphological parameters among patients in the subgroups identified based on MMR status. This necessitates confirmation of the observed trends in survival differences in larger patient cohorts. Consequently, it is necessary to classify heterogeneous cases into separate subgroups, followed by a detailed study of their pathogenetic, predictive, and prognostic characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":8548,"journal":{"name":"Arkhiv patologii","volume":"88 5","pages":"37-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149190908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic uterine sarcoma].","authors":"I A Tarasov, O P Matylevich, S A Mavrichev, A V Dalamanava, P G Kisialeu","doi":"10.17116/patol20268805166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/patol20268805166","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma is an extremely rare and aggressive variant of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, characterized by high mitotic activity, epithelioid cell morphology, and the expression of muscle markers and ALK protein resulting from <i>ALK</i> gene fusions. For many years, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors of the uterus remained poorly studied and were often misdiagnosed as leiomyoma, leiomyosarcoma, or endometrial stromal sarcoma. In the latest WHO Classification of Tumors of the Female Reproductive System (2020), this entity has been assigned to a separate category based on its distinct morphological and molecular-genetic features. Epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma represents an exceptionally rare variant of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor in the female genital tract. <i>ALK</i> gene rearrangements are characteristic for inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors and provide opportunities for targeted therapy with ALK inhibitors. This article presents a rare clinical case of uterine inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma. The case highlights the importance of accurate morphological and molecular verification of the diagnosis and demonstrates the effectiveness of second-generation ALK inhibitors in managing aggressive forms of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors of uterine localization.</p>","PeriodicalId":8548,"journal":{"name":"Arkhiv patologii","volume":"88 5","pages":"66-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149190954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Pathological anatomy of the lungs in patients with humoral immunity to the SARS-CoV-2 virus].","authors":"A S Kontorshchikov, M U Gushchin, A L Cherniaev, Zh R Omarova, J M Vorontsova, A K Konyukova, V V Pechnikova, L M Mikhaleva","doi":"10.17116/patol20268805123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/patol20268805123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since the COVID-19 pandemic, numerous articles have appeared on clinical changes in organs and systems in individuals with humoral immunity to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. However, there is a lack of data on a comprehensive clinical and morphological study of a group of patients with acquired immunity.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare lung pathology with humoral immunity data to the SARS-CoV-2 virus in patients who died from a new coronavirus infection with elevated serum Ig class G and M levels and negative PCR.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>An analysis of clinical, laboratory, and pathomorphological changes was conducted in 33 autopsy observations of patients who died during the first half of 2021 in the specialized non-infectious departments of the City Clinical Hospital No. 31 named after Academician G.M. Savelyeva with an elevated content of serum Ig class G and M in the blood.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Despite the negative PCR, elevated concentrations of Ig to SARS-CoV-2 proteins were detected in the blood of patients: IgG 0.31 - 532.56 OCE (Me 109.33 OCE), IgM 0.14 - 16.8 U / ml (Me 0.62 IU / ml). At an IgG concentration of 0.31-109.33 OCE in the lungs, an exudative phase of diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) was described, in the IgG range of 122.57-158.72 OCE, exudative-proliferative DAD was described, at IgG values 207.2-532.56 OCE, the proliferative phase of DAD occurred.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study revealed a sequence of pathological changes in the lungs, depending on the serum IgG concentration, characteristic of DAP. The findings confirm the multifaceted nature of the novel coronavirus infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":8548,"journal":{"name":"Arkhiv patologii","volume":"88 5","pages":"23-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149190988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Non-small cell lung cancer: a comparative analysis of methods for assessing TROP2 expression in relation to clinical and morphological characteristics].","authors":"S V Vtorushin, D M Loos, L A Tashireva, A Yu Kalinchuk, E O Shmakova","doi":"10.17116/patol20268805115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/patol20268805115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (TROP2) has emerged as a promising therapeutic target in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the context of the development of antibody-drug conjugates. In this setting, reproducible and biologically meaningful immunohistochemical assessment of TROP2 expression, taking into account its intracellular localization, is of particular importance.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To characterize TROP2 expression in lung adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas and to evaluate its association with clinicopathological parameters using different immunohistochemical assessment methods.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This retrospective single-center study included 60 cases of NSCLC (30 adenocarcinomas and 30 squamous cell carcinomas) diagnosed between 2019 and 2023. TROP2 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry using the semi-quantitative H-score and the normalized membrane ratio (NMR), reflecting the relative contribution of membranous and cytoplasmic expression. Associations between TROP2 expression and clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TROP2 expression was detected in all examined NSCLC samples. TROP2 expression assessed by H-score was significantly higher in squamous cell carcinoma compared with lung adenocarcinoma (<i>p</i>=0.0001), whereas NMR values did not differ between histological subtypes. No associations were observed between H-score and clinicopathological parameters. In contrast, NMR demonstrated histotype-dependent associations: with tumor stage in lung adenocarcinoma (<i>p</i>=0.0483) and with lymphovascular invasion in squamous cell carcinoma (<i>p</i>=0.0139). The proportion of cases meeting the NMR-based criteria for TROP2 positivity was low.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results indicate that the choice of TROP2 assessment method substantially influences data interpretation. Consideration of intracellular protein localization using the NMR appears to be more informative than conventional semi-quantitative approaches and may reflect biological features of tumor progression in NSCLC.</p>","PeriodicalId":8548,"journal":{"name":"Arkhiv patologii","volume":"88 5","pages":"15-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149191068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}