Arkhiv patologii最新文献

{"title":"[Endometrial receptivity in patients of reproductive age before and after unilateral adnexectomy for mature ovarian teratoma].","authors":"L M Mikhaleva, A A Solomatina, A I Gashimova, S A Mikhalev, N A Gracheva, I Z Khamzin, O V Bratchikova, M G Dzhobava, A E Biryukov","doi":"10.17116/patol20268803130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/patol20268803130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Currently, there is an increase in benign ovarian tumors, which negatively affect the fertility potential of women and cause infertility. It is relevant to study the morpho-functional state of the endometrial pattern in women with benign ovarian tumors, leading to a violation of its receptivity and, consequently, to a decrease in reproductive capabilities (the probability of successful implantation of the embryo). Adnexectomy in clinical practice is often necessary due to the lack of intact ovarian tissue.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the morpho-functional features of the endometrial pattern in patients of reproductive age with mature teratoma before and after unilateral adnexectomy based on the analysis of the maturity of pinopodia, the level of expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors in the endometrium.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study included 51 patients of reproductive age with benign ovarian germ cell tumor - mature teratoma. Before and 6, 12 months after unilateral adnexectomy, aspiration biopsy of the endometrium was performed during the supposed \"implantation window\". The qualitative and quantitative parameters of pinopodia maturity were studied, the expression of estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors in the uterine glands and endometrial stroma were studied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In patients of late fertile period, both preoperatively and postoperatively, a decrease in the number of developed pinopodia, decreased expression of ER in the stroma, PR in the stroma and glands was found. When analyzing data in patients of middle reproductive age before surgery, no statistically significant changes were noted. After surgical treatment, a transient increase in PR expression in the stromal component was noted, an increase in the number of developed and developing pinopodia was recorded.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The presence of a mature teratoma of ovary and late reproductive age explains the morpho-functional changes in the endometrium and receptivity disorders at the preoperative stage.</p>","PeriodicalId":8548,"journal":{"name":"Arkhiv patologii","volume":"88 3","pages":"30-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148275788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Metastases of endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the endometrium in the mammary gland and axillary lymph nodes].","authors":"B N Isic, E M Bit-Sava, A O Damenia, V A Kheinshtein","doi":"10.17116/patol20268801168","DOIUrl":"10.17116/patol20268801168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Breast tumors are one of the most common locations of malignant neoplasms. Every year, new aspects of the pathogenesis of breast cancer are discovered; along with genetic, hormonal and other factors, the issue of implantation and metastatic damage to the organ by tumors of other localizations is being increasingly discussed. With evolving diagnostic methods, more and more reports are emerging indicating that sometimes a breast tumor is not a primary lesion, but a site of metastasis. In this paper, the authors present a clinical case of metastasis of endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the endometrium to the breast. In this paper, the authors present a clinical case of metastasis of endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the endometrium to the mammary gland. The final diagnosis was made through analysis of a combination of morphological and immunohistochemical features. This clinical case is unique from a clinical and pathological perspective.</p>","PeriodicalId":8548,"journal":{"name":"Arkhiv patologii","volume":"88 1","pages":"68-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146050011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Modern morphological concepts of periprosthetic joint infection in traumatology and orthopedics].","authors":"G Yu Kudryavtsev, Ya Yu Kudryavtseva, V V Labis, A P Prizov, G A Airapetov, A V Volkov, L M Mikhaleva","doi":"10.17116/patol20268803185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/patol20268803185","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the increase in the number of orthopedic surgeries, such as knee and hip replacement, the risk of peri-implant infection also increases. According to various registries, the number of such interventions continues to grow, making the problem of infections particularly relevant. Morphological assessment of peri-implant tissues, primarily the peri-implant membrane, has become routine practice and is used as one of the diagnostic criteria for infection. This review summarizes the main morphological changes in the peri-implant membrane formed at the bone/implant interface, presents the pathogenetic mechanisms of peri-implant osteolysis, and shows the main mechanisms of microorganism persistence in peri-implant infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":8548,"journal":{"name":"Arkhiv patologii","volume":"88 3","pages":"85-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148275816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Pathomorphosis of transplanted C6 glioma treated with a 1267 nm wavelength laser].","authors":"N A Navolokin","doi":"10.17116/patol20268802152","DOIUrl":"10.17116/patol20268802152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To establish the mechanisms of pathomorphism of grafted C6 glioma (glioblastoma, GB) under the influence of 1267 nm laser therapy using in vivo experiments.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The experiment was performed on 40 Wistar rats with transplanted GB. In the experimental groups, 1 week after tumor transplantation, rats underwent daily laser therapy for 3 weeks. One therapy session lasted 51 minutes (3 laser irradiations for 17 minutes with 5-minute breaks between irradiations), at a dose of 12.6 kJ/cm² laser with a wavelength of 1267 nm. The comparison groups consisted of animals without a tumor and with a tumor, but without LT. Immunohistochemical markers of apoptosis (p53, Bax, Fas receptor), proliferation (Ki67), and autophagolysosome formation (LC3B, clathrin, and caveolin) were used. In statistical analysis, the Shapiro-Wilk test for the normality of the distribution was performed. The averages were compared using the Welch <i>t</i>-test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The survival rate in the group with transplanted GB after laser therapy compared with the experimental group of animals without LT was 1.8 times higher after a course of LT with a dose of 12.6 kJ/cm² (64% and 34%, respectively). It was found that LT reduces the proliferation of GB cells (Ki67), activates the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis (Bax and p53) in GB cells, and blocks the formation of autophagolysosomes (LC3B, clathrin, caveolin). <b>Conclusion.</b> Under the action of a laser (1267 nm), pronounced pathomorphosis of transplanted C6 glioma develops, its growth rate decreases, and animal survival increases from 34% to 64%. Thus, GB therapy with a laser with a wavelength of 1267 nm may become a promising therapeutic approach in the development of additional non-invasive GB treatment method.</p>","PeriodicalId":8548,"journal":{"name":"Arkhiv patologii","volume":"88 2","pages":"52-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147687613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Quality control of immunohistochemical studies in Russia in 2025: achievement and prospects].","authors":"L E Zavalishina, S V Vtorushin, G A Raskin, S V Petrov, Yu Yu Andreeva, A A Barinov, I Yu Vinogradov, I A Demidova, O A Kuznetsova, E M Olyushina, N A Savelov, Iu Kh Akhmedova, G A Frank","doi":"10.17116/patol20268802159","DOIUrl":"10.17116/patol20268802159","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immunohistochemistry is one of the key methods of modern morphological diagnostics, providing both differential diagnosis of neoplastic and non-neoplastic processes and the assessment of prognostic and predictive biomarkers relevant for the selection of drug therapy. The multistep nature of immunohistochemical studies is associated with a high risk of methodological errors at the preanalytical, analytical, and postanalytical stages, which may lead to reduced reproducibility of results and the development of clinically significant diagnostic inaccuracies.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the quality of immunohistochemical studies at all stages of the laboratory workflow in medical institutions participating in the external quality assessment program of the Immunohistochemistry Quality Control Center of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education in 2025.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The results of 18 external quality assessment rounds covering the preanalytical, analytical, and postanalytical stages of immunohistochemical studies were analyzed. Expert evaluation was performed by the Expert Council of the Immunohistochemistry Quality Control Center in accordance with approved assessment criteria and current clinical guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At the preanalytical stage, typical violations related to fixation and histological processing of biological material were identified, significantly affecting the quality of immunohistochemical and molecular genetic studies. At the analytical stage, the main causes of unsatisfactory results were insufficient intralaboratory validation of protocols, the use of non-recommended antibody clones, and the absence of adequate control samples. At the postanalytical stage, errors in result interpretation not compliant with current clinical guideline requirements were detected. Laboratories that repeatedly participated in external quality assessment rounds demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in results following the implementation of individualized expert recommendations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>External quality assessment of immunohistochemical studies is an effective tool for improving the reproducibility and clinical relevance of morphological research results. Regular participation of laboratories in quality control programs, standardization of methodological approaches, and systematic professional training of specialists contribute to a reduction in diagnostic errors and to improving the quality of morphological diagnostics and personalized patient management.</p>","PeriodicalId":8548,"journal":{"name":"Arkhiv patologii","volume":"88 2","pages":"59-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147697309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Assessing BRAF status of localized and locally advanced papillary thyroid microcarcinomas using machine learning methods].","authors":"D D Lysukhin, A V Varlamov, A A Matrosova, N V Pachuashvili, A Yu Abrosimov, V E Vanushko, T A Demura, L S Urusova","doi":"10.17116/patol20268804141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/patol20268804141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Papillary thyroid microcarcinomas (PTMCs) account for about 30% of papillary thyroid cancer cases, and the <i>BRAF V600E</i> mutation is one of the driver mutations in the development of papillary thyroid carcinomas. However, traditional molecular diagnostic methods are time-consuming and costly, highlighting the need for alternative approaches, such as machine learning-based analysis of histopathological images.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the feasibility of using a Multiple-Instance Learning (MIL) model to predict <i>BRAF</i> status in PTMC patients based on histopathological whole-slide images without explicit region-of-interest annotation.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study included histopathological scans from surgical specimens of 93 PTMC patients (age range 24-72 years, median 48 years) operated between 01.01.2022 and 01.09.2023. <i>BRAF V600E</i> status was determined by Real-Time PCR. For classification, an MIL model (CLAM) with pretrained feature extractors (CTransPath and Virchow) was used. Model performance was assessed using ROC-AUC with 5-fold cross-validation (10 repeats).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The <i>BRAF V600E</i> mutation was detected in 62 patients and absent in 31. The highest ROC-AUC (0.83; 95% CI: 0.61-1.00) was achieved using Virchow features with 20% top-attention region filtering. For CTransPath, ROC-AUC was 0.79 (95% CI: 0.60-0.95) with 5% region filtering.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The MIL model shows promise for predicting <i>BRAF</i> status in PTMCs from histopathological images, particularly when using Virchow-derived features.</p>","PeriodicalId":8548,"journal":{"name":"Arkhiv patologii","volume":"88 4","pages":"41-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148629361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[A sealing agent for preserving anatomical specimens].","authors":"Yu V Abramov, Yu P Gribunov, V V Krasnov","doi":"10.17116/patol20268804146","DOIUrl":"10.17116/patol20268804146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For long-term preservation of anatomical specimens, it is important to use materials that are inert and stable in their chemical composition. In this work, a sealant composition has been developed based on products of processing substances of natural origin (beeswax, paraffin, petroleum jelly, rosin) and a plasticizer. Using physicochemical research methods (determination of hardness, weight and melting point), the most stable composition of the components of the sealant during storage was determined (23-30% rosin and 53-60% wax). The sealant manufacturing technology presented in this work is easily accessible in a chemical laboratory.</p>","PeriodicalId":8548,"journal":{"name":"Arkhiv patologii","volume":"88 4","pages":"46-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148629356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Multimodal integration of bioinformatic data and digital pathology as a tool for precision oncology. Part 1. Development of prognostic models based on multi-omics data and machine learning].","authors":"A V Kuznetsova, A A Ivanov","doi":"10.17116/patol20268805146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/patol20268805146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article reviews current methodologies for developing prognostic models in solid tumors using bioinformatics data. Primary focus is placed on the transition from discrete genetic alteration analysis toward the synthesis of functionally related gene panels and prognostic risk scores leveraging TCGA, GEO, and specialized databases (e.g., FerrDb, ImmPort). The role of various regulated cell death programs - including apoptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and cuproptosis - is analyzed in detail as critical predictors of patient survival and therapeutic response. The study systematizes machine learning algorithms (LASSO, Random Forest, matrix factorization techniques) and cellular deconvolution methods (CIBERSORT, TIMER) employed to characterize the immune landscape of the tumor microenvironment. The work discusses the potential of mathematical synthesis of molecular data to enhance the objective assessment of tumor invasive potential and explores future perspectives for personalized patient stratification within precision oncology frameworks.</p>","PeriodicalId":8548,"journal":{"name":"Arkhiv patologii","volume":"88 5","pages":"46-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149190982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Difficult interpretation of combined serous neoplasia of the peritoneum and fallopian tube: clinical and morphological observation].","authors":"V E Rodionov, A V Asaturova, Yu A Kirillov","doi":"10.17116/patol20268805161","DOIUrl":"10.17116/patol20268805161","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The lack of established criteria for the assessment, classification, and staging of rare tumors of the female reproductive organs represents a significant challenge in gynecologic oncology. We propose potential approaches to the assessment of such neoplasms using the example of combined serous neoplasia of the peritoneum and fallopian tube. In an 84-year-old female patient with verified endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the corpus uteri, histological examination of the surgical specimen revealed combined neoplasia of the greater omentum and fallopian tube. Immunohistochemical examination revealed positive expression of ER, p16 (heterogeneous reaction), and p53 (\"wild-type\"), and negative expression of WT1 and MLH1/PMS2. The omental and fallopian tube tumors demonstrated a WT1+/PAX8+/Ber-EP4+ immunophenotype with preserved expression of MMR proteins. Mutations in the NRAS, KRAS, or BRAF genes were not detected. Following a comprehensive analysis, a diagnosis of primary multiple malignancies was established: endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the uterine corpus G1 (MMR-deficient molecular subtype) and low-grade serous adenocarcinoma of the peritoneum with involvement of the greater omentum (invasive implants) and fallopian tube (non-invasive implants). This case highlights the need to analyze similar cases to refine international classifications and clinical guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":8548,"journal":{"name":"Arkhiv patologii","volume":"88 5","pages":"61-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149190959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Morphological and molecular-genetic evolution of the endometrial polyp to adenocarcinoma].","authors":"A A Chernev, E D Kravtcova, A K Popova, R Kh Abasov, M L Filipenko, A E Druy, G A Raskin","doi":"10.17116/patol20268803173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/patol20268803173","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Atypical endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial adenocarcinoma are successive stages of malignant transformation of the uterine epithelium. Usually genomic instability and tumor mutation burden progressively increase during carcinogenesis. In case of endometrial cancer, the presence of a mutation in the exonuclease domain of the <i>POLE</i> gene and/or a DNA mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) leads to genomic instability at early stages of tumor development. This paper describes a clinical case of a 49-year-old female patient with synchronous presence of several stages of the endometrium malignant transformation: glandular polyp without signs of atypia, atypical hyperplasia and highly differentiated endometrioid adenocarcinoma. In all substrates, the <i>POLE</i> p.Pro286Arg mutation was detected. In the glandular polyp sample, it was detected with a minimal variant allele frequency (1%). At the same time, in the tissue of atypical hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma, this mutation led to an explosive accumulation of oncogenic genetic variants. This observation indicates role of mutation in the <i>POLE</i> gene as an early driver of carcinogenesis and emphasizes the importance of its determination in atypical endometrial proliferations.</p>","PeriodicalId":8548,"journal":{"name":"Arkhiv patologii","volume":"88 3","pages":"73-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148275807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}